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Mukherjee K, Rahman A, Chakraborty J, Pakrashi S. Isolation and characterization of mercury and multidrug-resistant Citrobacter freundii strains from tannery effluents in Kolkata, India. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:362. [PMID: 39066800 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is one of the most potent toxic heavy metals that distresses livestock, humans, and ecological health. Owing to uncontrolled exposure to untreated tannery industrial effluents, metals such as Hg are increasing in nature and are, therefore, becoming a global concern. As a result, understanding the thriving microflora in that severe condition and their characteristics becomes immensely important. During the course of this study, two Hg-resistant bacteria were isolated from tannery wastewater effluents from leather factories in Kolkata, India, which were able to tolerate 2.211 × 10- 3 M (600 µg/ml) Hg. 16 S rDNA analysis revealed strong sequence homology with Citrobacter freundii, were named as BNC22A and BNC22C for this study. In addition they showed high tolerance to nickel (Ni) and Chromium (Cr) at 6.31 × 10- 3 M (1500 µg/ml) and 6.792 × 10- 3 M (2000 µg/ml) respectively. However, both the isolates were sensitive to arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd). Furthermore, their antibiotic sensitivity profiles reveal a concerning trend towards resistance to multiple drugs. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in healthcare systems and agriculture has been identified as two of the main reasons for the decline in efficacy of antibiotics. Though their ability to produce lipase makes them industrially potent organisms, their competence to resist several antibiotics and metals that are toxic makes this study immensely relevant. In addition, their ability to negate heavy metal toxicity makes them potential candidates for bioremediation. Finally, the green mung bean seed germination test showed a significant favourable effect of BNC22A and BNC22C against Hg-stimulated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700064, India
| | - Abdul Rahman
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Joyeeta Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, NH 12, Haringhata, 741249, India
| | - Sourav Pakrashi
- Department of Microbiology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700064, India.
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Moraes DMC, Almeida AMDS, Andrade MA, Nascente EDP, Duarte SC, Nunes IA, Jayme VDS, Minafra C. Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Salmonella sp. Isolates from Commercial Laying Hen Farms in Central-Western Brazil. Microorganisms 2024; 12:669. [PMID: 38674612 PMCID: PMC11052260 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial resistance to antibiotics poses a significant threat to both human and animal health, necessitating international efforts to mitigate this issue. This study aimed to assess the resistance profiles of Salmonella sp. isolates and identify the presence of intl1, sul1, and blaTEM resistance genes within antigenically characterized isolates, including Agona, Livingstone, Cerro, Schwarzengrund, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype O:4.5, Anatum, Enteritidis, Johannesburg, Corvallis, and Senftenberg. These isolates underwent susceptibility testing against 14 antibiotics. The highest resistance percentages were noted for sulfamethoxazole (91%), sulfonamides (51%), and ceftiofur (28.9%), while no resistance was observed for ciprofloxacin. Salmonella Johannesburg and Salmonella Corvallis showed resistance to one antibiotic, whereas other serovars were resistant to at least two. Salmonella Schwarzengrund exhibited resistance to 13 antibiotics. The intl1 gene was detected in six out of the ten serovars, and the sul1 gene in three, always co-occurring with intl1. The blaTEM gene was not identified. Our findings highlight the risk posed by the detected multiple resistances and genes to animal, human, and environmental health. The multidrug resistance, especially to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, highlights the need for stringent monitoring of Salmonella in laying hens. The potential of the environment, humans, eggs, and their products to act as vectors for antibiotic resistance represents a significant concern for One Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunya Mara Cardoso Moraes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-080, Goiás, Brazil; (D.M.C.M.); (A.M.D.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (E.d.P.N.); (I.A.N.); (V.D.S.J.)
| | - Ana Maria De Souza Almeida
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-080, Goiás, Brazil; (D.M.C.M.); (A.M.D.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (E.d.P.N.); (I.A.N.); (V.D.S.J.)
| | - Maria Auxiliadora Andrade
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-080, Goiás, Brazil; (D.M.C.M.); (A.M.D.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (E.d.P.N.); (I.A.N.); (V.D.S.J.)
| | - Eduardo de Paula Nascente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-080, Goiás, Brazil; (D.M.C.M.); (A.M.D.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (E.d.P.N.); (I.A.N.); (V.D.S.J.)
| | | | - Iolanda Aparecida Nunes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-080, Goiás, Brazil; (D.M.C.M.); (A.M.D.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (E.d.P.N.); (I.A.N.); (V.D.S.J.)
| | - Valéria De Sá Jayme
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-080, Goiás, Brazil; (D.M.C.M.); (A.M.D.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (E.d.P.N.); (I.A.N.); (V.D.S.J.)
| | - Cíntia Minafra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-080, Goiás, Brazil; (D.M.C.M.); (A.M.D.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (E.d.P.N.); (I.A.N.); (V.D.S.J.)
- Center for Food Research, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74660-970, Goiás, Brazil
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Bujňáková D, Kocúreková T, Karahutová L. Distribution of virulence-associated genes, antibiotic resistance and phylogenetic groups in Escherichia coli isolated from domestic and racing pigeons. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1697-1705. [PMID: 37076749 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10126-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite a lot of information about virulence and resistance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in poultry, very limited data are currently available on its occurrence in pigeon isolates, although this poses a threat to human and animal health. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the phylogenetic classification, antibiotic sensitivity, and virulence factors in E. coli isolated from cloacal swabs of domestic pigeons bred for meat (n = 47) and racing pigeons (n = 44). The most frequent phylogroup in racing pigeons was E (36, 82.00%), unlike domestic pigeons (B2- 19, 40.00%). The most abundant iron uptake system in both groups of bird was feoB (racing = 40, 90.90%; domestic = 44, 93.61%). The presence of ibeA (52, 57.10%) and kpsMTII (46, 50.50%) genes was detected in more than half of all strains belonging exclusively to phylogroups B2, D, E, F, clade I. Antibiotic resistance was higher in racing pigeons. All racing pigeon isolates were resistant to tetracycline and trimethoprim + sulphonamide. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was determined in three isolates (6.38%) of domestic and 33 isolates (75%) of racing pigeons. Aminoglycosides and β-lactamases resistance were also recorded. One of the important detected phenotypic mechanisms of resistance occurring in isolates from racing pigeons was AGL AAC(6´)I. Our study confirms that healthy pigeons are a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant E. coli containing an arsenal of virulence factors, thus capable of potentially causing infection. Pigeons with the option to fly to multiple places can transfer virulent and resistant bacteria. Direct contact with pigeons and their faeces and the contamination of water and food pose a threat of infection to humans and other animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobroslava Bujňáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Tímea Kocúreková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Lívia Karahutová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.
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Jin M, Chen J, Zhao X, Hu G, Wang H, Liu Z, Chen WH. An Engineered λ Phage Enables Enhanced and Strain-Specific Killing of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0127122. [PMID: 35876591 PMCID: PMC9431524 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01271-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are ideal alternatives to traditional antimicrobial agents in a world where antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is emerging and spreading at an unprecedented speed. In addition, due to their narrow host ranges, phages are also ideal tools to modulate the gut microbiota in which alterations of specific bacterial strains underlie human diseases, while dysbiosis caused by broad-spectrum antibiotics can be harmful. Here, we engineered a lambda phage (Eλ) to target enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) that causes a severe, sometimes lethal intestinal infection in humans. We enhanced the killing ability of the Eλ phage by incorporating a CRISPR-Cas3 system into the wild-type λ (wtλ) and the specificity by introducing multiple EHEC-targeting CRISPR spacers while knocking out the lytic gene cro. In vitro experiments showed that the Eλ suppressed the growth of EHEC up to 18 h compared with only 6 h with the wtλ; at the multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10, the Eλ killed the EHEC cells with ~100% efficiency and did not affect the growth of other laboratory- and human-gut isolated E. coli strains. In addition, the EHEC cells did not develop resistance to the Eλ. Mouse experiments further confirmed the enhanced and strain-specific killing of the Eλ to EHEC, while the overall mouse gut microbiota was not disturbed. Our methods can be used to target other genes that are responsible for antibiotic resistance genes and/or human toxins, engineer other phages, and support in vivo application of the engineered phages. IMPORTANCE Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli are responsible for 0.8 million deaths per year and together ranked the first among all pathogenic species. Here, we obtained, for the first time, an engineered phage, Eλ, that could specifically and efficiently eliminate EHEC, one of the most common and often lethal pathogens that can spread from person to person. We verified the superior performance of the Eλ over the wild-type phage with in vitro and in vivo experiments and showed that the Eλ could suppress EHEC growth to nondetectable levels, fully rescue the EHEC-infected mice, and rescore disturbed mouse gut microbiota. Our results also indicated that the EHEC did not develop resistance to the Eλ, which has been the biggest challenge in phage therapy. We believe our methods can be used to target other pathogenic strains of E. coli and support in vivo application of the engineered phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Jin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingchao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xueyang Zhao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guoru Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hailei Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Hua Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institution of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Global prevalence of zoonotic pathogens from pigeon birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09732. [PMID: 35756122 PMCID: PMC9218837 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigeons have been considered the most preferred companion for human civilizations since prehistoric times. Despite the fact that pigeons offer the most palatable and nutritious food and provide pleasure to humans, they can pose a health risk because of carrying infectious and zoonotic organisms. Moreover, the scanty of systematic reports on the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in pigeon makes the situations worst. Hence, the current study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the global prevalence of zoonotic pathogens among the pigeon population from existing segregated literatures. Four internationally recognized databases including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct were used to search the published studies from January 2000 to October 2021. Analyzing the total 18,589 samples, mean prevalence estimates of pigeon pathogens worldwide were found to be 17% (95% CI:13-21) whereas serological and molecular prevalence were reported as 18% (95% CI:12-23) and 17% (95% CI:10-23). Meanwhile, virus, bacteria, and protozoal pathogens were found to be 21% (10-32%), 17% (12-23%), and 14% (10-19%), respectively. Moreover, continent wise analysis of all zoonotic pigeon pathogens has revealed the highest prevalence rate in Asia 20% (95% CI: 14-26%), followed by Europe 16% (95% CI: 08-24%), Africa 16% (95% CI: 07-24%), and America (North and South) 10% (95% CI: 03-17%). Furthermore, the highest number of studies were reported from Iran showed the prevalence rate of 20%, China 13%, Bangladesh 37%, and Poland 15%. Therefore, this prevalence of data would be helpful to the policymakers to develop appropriate intervention strategies to prevent and control diseases in their respective locations.
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Rubio B, Guzmán J, Lera LA, García JJ. Effect of Aging Time of Squabs on Microbiological Characteristics and Quality Attributes of Their Meat. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2022.2073935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Rubio
- Estación Tecnológica de la Carne, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Consejería de Agricultura, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús Guzmán
- Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Alc. Coyoacán, Ciudad UniversitariaFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Alberto Lera
- Restaurante ‘LERA.’ C/ de los Conquistadores Zamoranos, Castroverde de Campos Zamora, Spain
| | - Juan José García
- Estación Tecnológica de la Carne, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Consejería de Agricultura, Salamanca, Spain
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Sitovs A, Sartini I, Giorgi M. Levofloxacin in veterinary medicine: a literature review. Res Vet Sci 2021; 137:111-126. [PMID: 33964616 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A potent third-generation antimicrobial fluoroquinolone drug, levofloxacin was introduced into human clinical practice in 1993. Levofloxacin is also used in veterinary medicine, however its use is limited: it is completely banned for veterinary use in the EU, and used extralabel in only companion animals in the USA. Since its introduction to clinical practice, many studies have been published on levofloxacin in animal species, including pharmacokinetic studies, tissue drug depletion, efficacy, and animal microbial isolate susceptibility to levofloxacin. This literature overview highlights the most clinically relevant and scientifically important levofloxacin studies linked to the field of veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrejs Sitovs
- Department of Pharmacology, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Irene Sartini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mario Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
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