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Kazemi S, Hajimohammadi A, Mirzaei A, Nazifi S. Effects of probiotic and yeast extract supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and growth in weaning Saanen kids. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:282. [PMID: 37530870 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic and yeast extract supplementation on the metabolic, immune, and oxidative status of Sannen goat kids during the weaning challenge. Forty goat kids were randomly assigned to four groups: a probiotic group (Pr) (basal diet + mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus lechiniformis, Streptococcus Thermophilis, and Enterococcus faecium), a yeast cell wall extract group (YC) (basal diet + Saccharomyces cerevisiae), a probiotic and yeast cell wall extract group (Pr + YC) (basal diet + mixture of probiotic and yeast cell wall extract), and a control group (basal diet). Treatments were administered 21 days prior to weaning (80 ± 2 days of life) until 21 days post-weaning except for the control group. Blood samples were collected at four different time points, including 21 days before weaning, 2 days post-weaning (weaning time), 7 days post-weaning, and 21 days post-weaning. Average levels of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, total protein (TP), albumin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), serum adenosine deaminase (ADA), nitric oxide (NO), ferritin, glucose, cortisol, triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), Β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), and body weight were measured. The average levels of cortisol tended to be higher in the Pr group in comparison to the control group (P = 0.07) and the Pr + YC group (P = 0.10). NEFA was found to be higher and tended to be higher in the control group compared to the Pr + YC group (P > 0.001) and Pr group (P = 0.10), respectively. Additionally, the BHBA concentration was higher in the control group compared to the Pr group (P > 0.001). No differences were observed in the concentration of other measured parameters among the treatments. The concentration of cortisol tended to be higher (P = 0.10) at the weaning time as compared to the third sampling time. Furthermore, the concentration of TAC was observed to be higher (P > 0.01) at the weaning time in comparison to the third and fourth sampling times. The concentration of NO was higher (P > 0.01) at the third sampling time when compared to the first sampling time. A reduction in NEFA and BHBA levels may suggest an improvement in the metabolic status of the supplemented animals during the weaning challenge. However, supplementation with probiotics and yeast cell wall extract did not appear to have an effect on the oxidative status of the animals. The increase in TAC and NO levels observed during the weaning time may indicate an increase in oxidative stress during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Kazemi
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 7144169155, Iran
| | - Ali Hajimohammadi
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 7144169155, Iran.
| | - Ahmadreza Mirzaei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Saeed Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 7144169155, Iran
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Fazio E, Bionda A, Chiofalo V, La Fauci D, Randazzo C, Pino A, Crepaldi P, Attard G, Liotta L, Lopreiato V. Effects of Dietary Enrichment with Olive Cake on the Thyroid and Adrenocortical Responses in Growing Beef Calves. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2120. [PMID: 37443918 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Agro-industrial by-products incorporated into livestock feed formulations can positively impact feed costs and promote a circular bio-economy. Italy produces significant amounts of olive cake (OC), a by-product of olive oil extraction, with the potential for incorporation into bovine diets. However, information on its effects on endocrine responses in growing beef calves is lacking. Forty-eight Limousines randomly allocated to dietary treatment (control or 10%-OC or 15%-OC inclusion) were segregated according to sex and body weight. Serum concentrations of TSH, thyroid hormones, and cortisol were measured on day 0, day 56, and at the end of the trial on day 147. Circulating TSH, total (T3, T4) and free (fT3, fT4) iodothyronines, and cortisol concentrations were all within the normal physiological ranges, with no significant effect imparted by diet. However, the diet × time interaction was significant for T3. The cortisol, T3, T4, and fT4 registered on day 147 were higher than those of day 56, and cortisol was higher in heifers than bulls. Final body weight was positively correlated with TSH and T3 and negatively with cortisol concentration. These findings suggest that the inclusion of OC at levels up to 15% in growing/finishing beef diets had no adverse effects on the calves' thyroid and cortical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esterina Fazio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Arianna Bionda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, University of Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Chiofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Consortium of Research for Meat Chain and Agrifood (CoRFilCarni), Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Deborah La Fauci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Cinzia Randazzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, S. Sofia Street 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, S. Sofia Street 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
- ProBioEtna SRL, Spin-Off of University of Catania, S. Sofia Street 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Crepaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, University of Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - George Attard
- Department of Rural Sciences and Food Systems, University of Malta, 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Valavi E, Zaeemi M, Mohri M. Age-related changes in thyroid hormones, some serum oxidative biomarkers and trace elements and their relationships in healthy Saanen goat kids during the first three month of age. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:494-505. [PMID: 34510557 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life diseases in dairy animals are main causes of economic loss in livestock production. Oxidative stress (OS) and thyroid hormones are important inter-related components in the normal physiology of this critical period of life. However, limited information regarding their physiology in goat kids is available. This study was conducted to investigate the age-related changes of thyroid hormones, some serum oxidative biomarkers and trace elements in healthy Saanen goat kids. METHODS Nineteen newborn healthy Saanen goat kids (14 females and five males) were studied longitudinally from birth until three months of age. Blood sampling was performed 24-48 h after birth and was repeated on 10 ± 2, 28 ± 2, 56 ± 2 and 84 ± 2 days of age. The serum levels of thyroid hormones, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn) and molybdenum (Mo) were measured. RESULTS Age-related changes were observed for all measured variables except for MDA (p < 0.05). A decreasing trend was detected throughout the study in thyroid hormones, T3: T4 ratio and Mn (p < 0.01). Some factors decreased from birth to day 10 (Se) or day 28 (TAC and GSH) and followed by an increasing trend that extended to day 84 (p < 0.01). There were significant correlations between thyroid hormones and TAC, as well as Mn levels (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results imply that specific age-related reference values are essential for proper interpretation of the serum level of thyroid hormones and Mn in Saanen goat kids during the first three months of life. In addition, given the high level of thyroid hormones particularly during the first days of life, and their relationship with oxidative biomarkers and trace elements, improving the antioxidant system in this critical period is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Valavi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Zaeemi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mohri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Center of Excellence in Ruminant Abortion and Neonatal Mortality, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Li A, Derkho M, Tuyakova R, Iwaniuk P, Lozowicka B. Impact of DDT residues in feed on thyroid gland and liver secretory activity of Aberdeen-Angus cattle depending on cattle age and sex. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/128209/2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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