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Chai C, Tang H, Miao X, Su Y, Li L, Yu C, Yi J, Ye Z, Miao L, Zhang B, Wang Z, Luo W, Hu J, Zhang H, Zhou W, Xu H. Establishment and characterization of the PDAC-X3 cell line: a novel Chinese-origin pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line. Hum Cell 2024; 37:1578-1592. [PMID: 39012569 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel pancreatic cancer cell line, termed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)-X3 cell line, was successfully derived from the primary tumor. Comprehensive analyses of its malignant phenotype, molecular properties, specific biomarkers, and histological features confirmed that PDAC-X3 cells serve as a valuable model for investigating the underlying mechanisms driving pancreatic carcinogenesis and advancing potential therapeutic strategies. The newly established cell line was continuously cultured for over 12 months and was stably passaged through more than 50 generations. Morphologically, PDAC-X3 cells displayed characteristics typical of epithelial tumors. The population doubling time for PDAC-X3 cells was determined to be 50 h. Karyotype analysis revealed that 75% of PDAC-X3 cells presented as hypotriploid, while 25% were sub-tetraploid, with representative karyotypes being 53 and XY der (1) inv (9) der (22). In suspension culture, PDAC-X3 cells efficiently formed organoids. Upon inoculation into BALB/C nude mice, these cells initiated the development of xenograft tumors, achieving a tumor formation rate of 33%. Morphologically, these xenografted tumors closely resembled the primary tumor. Drug sensitivity assays indicated that PDAC-X3 cells exhibited resistance to oxaliplatin but demonstrated sensitivity to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), gemcitabine, and paclitaxel. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CK7, CK19, E-cadherin, Vimentin, CA19-9 were positively expressed in PDAC-X3 cells. Meanwhile, the expression rate for Ki-67 was 30%, and that for CEA was not detected. Our findings underscore that PDAC-X3 represents a novel pancreatic cancer cell line, positioning it as a valuable model for basic research and the advancement of therapeutic strategies against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpeng Chai
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huan Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin Miao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yuanhui Su
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lu Li
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianfeng Yi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine,Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ye
- The First School of Clinical Medicine,Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Long Miao
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Luo
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jinjing Hu
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Wence Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Zachhuber L, Filip T, Mozayani B, Löbsch M, Scheiner S, Vician P, Stanek J, Hacker M, Helbich TH, Wanek T, Berger W, Kuntner C. Characterization of a Syngeneic Orthotopic Model of Cholangiocarcinoma by [ 18F]FDG-PET/MRI. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2591. [PMID: 39061229 PMCID: PMC11275149 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a type of primary liver cancer originating from the biliary tract epithelium, characterized by limited treatment options for advanced cases and low survival rates. This study aimed to establish an orthotopic mouse model for CCA and monitor tumor growth using PET/MR imaging. Murine CCA cells were implanted into the liver lobe of male C57BL/6J mice. The imaging groups included contrast-enhanced (CE) MR, CE-MR with static [18F]FDG-PET, and dynamic [18F]FDG-PET. Tumor volume and FDG uptake were measured weekly over four weeks. Early tumor formation was visible in CE-MR images, with a gradual increase in volume over time. Dynamic FDG-PET revealed an increase in the metabolic glucose rate (MRGlu) over time. Blood analysis showed pathological changes in liver-related parameters. Lung metastases were observed in nearly all animals after four weeks. The study concludes that PET-MR imaging effectively monitors tumor progression in the CCA mouse model, providing insights into CCA development and potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Zachhuber
- Preclinical Imaging Lab (PIL), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.Z.); (T.W.)
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Filip
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics & Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Behrang Mozayani
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Mathilde Löbsch
- Core Facility Laboratory Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Scheiner
- Centre for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Applied and Experimental Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (W.B.)
| | - Petra Vician
- Centre for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Applied and Experimental Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (W.B.)
| | - Johann Stanek
- Preclinical Imaging Lab (PIL), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Medical Imaging Cluster (MIC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas H. Helbich
- Preclinical Imaging Lab (PIL), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.Z.); (T.W.)
- Division of General and Pediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Preclinical Imaging Lab (PIL), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Walter Berger
- Centre for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Applied and Experimental Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (W.B.)
| | - Claudia Kuntner
- Preclinical Imaging Lab (PIL), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.Z.); (T.W.)
- Medical Imaging Cluster (MIC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Duncan AW. Pathological polyploidy and liver repair failure in RAD51-deficient mice. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00828. [PMID: 38546299 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Duncan
- Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Xu H, Chai CP, Tang H, Su YH, Yu C, Li L, Yi JF, Ye ZZ, Wang ZF, Hu JJ, Luo W, Zhang H, Miao X, Zhou WC. Establishment and Characterization of a New Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Line, ICC-X2. World J Oncol 2024; 15:114-125. [PMID: 38274721 PMCID: PMC10807924 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive malignant tumor of the biliary tract that is prone to recurrence and metastasis and is characterized by poor sensitivity to chemotherapy and overall prognosis. For these reasons, there is an urgent need to understand its pathological mechanisms and develop effective treatments. To address this challenge, the establishment of suitable preclinical models is critical. Methods Fresh ICC tissue samples were used for primary culture and subculture. The cell line was evaluated by cell proliferation assays, clonal formation assays, karyotype analysis, and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. Drug resistances against oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Subcutaneous injection of 1 × 106 cells to three BALB/c nude mice was conducted for xenograft studies. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to detect the pathological status of the cell line. The expression of biomarkers CK7, CK19, Ki-67, E-cadherin and vimentin was determined by immunocytochemistry assay. Results A new ICC cell line named ICC-X2 was successfully established. Like ICC-X3 established using the same patient's metastatic tumor, the cell line has been continuously cultured in vitro for more than a year and has been passaged more than 100 times. ICC-X2 retained the typical biliary epithelial morphology. The population doubling time of ICC-X2 is 48 h. The cells demonstrated an abnormal nearly tetraploid karyotype. The STR analysis confirmed that ICC-X2 was highly consistent with the primary tumor tissue and not cross-contaminated by existing cell lines. ICC-X2 cells positively expressed CK7, CK19, E-cadherin, and vimentin, and the positive expression of Ki-67 in ICC-X2 cells was 40%. The ICC-X2 cells exhibited a strong clonogenic ability. The drug sensitivity test indicated that ICC-X2 was sensitive to oxaliplatin and paclitaxel, but naturally resistant to gemcitabine and 5-FU. ICC-X2 was rapidly able to form transplanted tumors in vivo after subcutaneous inoculation in nude mice. Conclusions ICC-X2 is an excellent experimental model that can be used for studying the occurrence, development, and metastasis of ICC and investigating the mechanism of tumor drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chang Peng Chai
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Huan Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yuan Hui Su
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lu Li
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jian Feng Yi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of Surgery, The First School of Clinical Medicine of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhen Zhen Ye
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zheng Feng Wang
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jin Jing Hu
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Luo
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wen Ce Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Galvão FHF, Traldi MCC, Araújo RSS, Stefano JT, D'Albuquerque LAC, Oliveira CP. PRECLINICAL MODELS OF LIVER CÂNCER. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2023; 60:383-392. [PMID: 37792769 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.230302023-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
•In this review, we described different murine models of carcinogenesis: classic models, new transgenic and combined models, that reproduce the key points for HCC and CCA genesis allowing a better understanding of its genetic physiopathological, and environmental abnormalities. •Each model has its advantages, disadvantages, similarities, and differences with the corresponding human disease and should be chosen according to the specificity of the study. Ultimately, those models can also be used for testing new anticancer therapeutic approaches. •Cholangiocarcinoma has been highlighted, with an increase in prevalence. This review has an important role in understanding the pathophysiology and the development of new drugs. Background - This manuscript provides an overview of liver carcinogenesis in murine models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Objective - A review through MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed to assess articles until August 2022.Methods - Search was conducted of the entire electronic databases and the keywords used was HCC, CCA, carcinogenesis, animal models and liver. Articles exclusion was based on the lack of close relation to the subject. Carcinogenesis models of HCC include HCC induced by senescence in transgenic animals, HCC diet-induced, HCC induced by chemotoxicagents, xenograft, oncogenes, and HCC in transgenic animals inoculated with B and C virus. The models of CCA include the use of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), diethylnitrosamine (DEN), thioacetamide (TAA), and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). CCA murine models may also be induced by: CCA cells, genetic manipulation, Smad4, PTEN and p53 knockout, xenograft, and DEN-left median bile duct ligation. Results - In this review, we described different murine models of carcinogenesis that reproduce the key points for HCC and CCA genesis allowing a better understanding of its genetic, physiopathological, and environmental abnormalities. Conclusion - Each model has its advantages, disadvantages, similarities, and differences with the corresponding human disease and should be chosen according to the specificity of the study. Ultimately, those models can also be used for testing new anticancer therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Henrique Ferreira Galvão
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório de Transplante e Cirurgia do Fígado (LIM-37), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Clara Camargo Traldi
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório de Transplante e Cirurgia do Fígado (LIM-37), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Jose Tadeu Stefano
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Luiz Augusto Carneiro D'Albuquerque
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório de Transplante e Cirurgia do Fígado (LIM-37), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Claudia P Oliveira
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Yang B, Zhang J, Wang J, Fan W, Barbier-Torres L, Yang X, Justo MAR, Liu T, Chen Y, Steggerda J, Ramani K, Lu SC, Yang H. CSNK2A1-mediated MAX phosphorylation upregulates HMGB1 and IL-6 expression in cholangiocarcinoma progression. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e00144. [PMID: 37347224 PMCID: PMC10289747 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We established a novel diethylnitrosamine (DEN) -induced mouse model that reflected the progression of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) from atypical cystic hyperplasia. METHODS BALB/c mice were administered DEN by oral gavage. Cells isolated from livers were analyzed for expression of CSNK2A1, MAX and MAX-interacting proteins. Human CCA cell lines (MzChA-1, HuCCT1), normal human cholangiocyte (H69), human hepatic stellate cells (LX-2), macrophages (RAW 264.7), and primary hepatic cells were used for cellular and molecular biology assays. RESULTS Expression of MAX, CSNK2A1, C-MYC, β-catenin, HMGB1, and IL-6 was upregulated in hepatic cells from CCA liver tissue. The half-life of MAX is higher in CCA cells, and this favors their proliferation. Overexpression of MAX increased growth, migration, and invasion of MzChA-1, whereas silencing of MAX had the opposite effect. MAX positively regulated IL-6 and HMGB1 through paracrine signaling in HepG2, LX2, and RAW cells and autocrine signaling in MzChA-1 cells. CSNK2A1-mediated MAX phosphorylation shifts MAX-MAX homodimer to C-MYC-MAX and β-catenin-MAX heterodimers and increases the HMGB1 and IL-6 promoter activities. Increase of MAX phosphorylation promotes cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cholangiocarcinogenesis. The casein kinase 2 inhibitor CX-4945 induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and carcinogenesis in MzChA-1 cells through the downregulation of CSNK2A1, MAX, and MAX-interaction proteins. CONCLUSION C-MYC-MAX and β-catenin-MAX binding to E-box site or β-catenin-MAX bound to TCFs/LEF1 enhanced HMGB1 or IL-6 promoter activities, respectively. IL-6 and HMGB1 secreted by hepatocytes, HSCs, and KCs exert paracrine effects on cholangiocytes to promote cell growth, migration, and invasion and lead to the progression of cholangiocarcinogenesis. CX-4945 provides perspectives on therapeutic strategies to attenuate progression from atypical cystic hyperplasia to cholangiocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- Department of Medicine, Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention and Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaohong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Medicine, Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lucía Barbier-Torres
- Department of Medicine, Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention and Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Monica Anne R. Justo
- Department of General Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Justin Steggerda
- Department of General Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Komal Ramani
- Department of Medicine, Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shelly C. Lu
- Department of Medicine, Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Heping Yang
- Department of Medicine, Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Xu H, Chai CP, Miao X, Tang H, Hu JJ, Zhang H, Zhou WC. Establishment and characterization of a new human ampullary carcinoma cell line, DPC-X1. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:2642-2656. [PMID: 37213400 PMCID: PMC10198051 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i17.2642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An in-depth study of the pathogenesis and biological characteristics of ampullary carcinoma is necessary to identify appropriate treatment strategies. To date, only eight ampullary cancer cell lines have been reported, and a mixed-type ampullary carcinoma cell line has not yet been reported.
AIM To establish a stable mixed-type ampullary carcinoma cell line originating from Chinese.
METHODS Fresh ampullary cancer tissue samples were used for primary culture and subculture. The cell line was evaluated by cell proliferation assays, clonal formation assays, karyotype analysis, short tandem repeat (STR) analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Drug resistances against oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, gemcitabine and 5-FU were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 assay. Subcutaneous injection 1 × 106 cells to three BALB/c nude mice for xenograft studies. The hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to detect the pathological status of the cell line. The expression of biomarkers cytokeratin 7 (CK7), cytokeratin 20 (CK20), cytokeratin low molecular weight (CKL), Ki67 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were determined by immunocytochemistry assay.
RESULTS DPC-X1 was continuously cultivated for over a year and stably passaged for more than 80 generations; its population doubling time was 48 h. STR analysis demonstrated that the characteristics of DPC-X1 were highly consistent with those of the patient’s primary tumor. Furthermore, karyotype analysis revealed its abnormal sub-tetraploid karyotype. DPC-X1 could efficiently form organoids in suspension culture. Under the transmission electron microscope, microvilli and pseudopods were observed on the cell surface, and desmosomes were visible between the cells. DPC-X1 cells inoculated into BALB/C nude mice quickly formed transplanted tumors, with a tumor formation rate of 100%. Their pathological characteristics were similar to those of the primary tumor. Moreover, DPC-X1 was sensitive to oxaliplatin and paclitaxel and resistant to gemcitabine and 5-FU. Immunohistochemistry showed that the DPC-X1 cells were strongly positive for CK7, CK20, and CKL; the Ki67 was 50%, and CEA was focally expressed.
CONCLUSION Here, we have constructed a mixed-type ampullary carcinoma cell line that can be used as an effective model for studying the pathogenesis of ampullary carcinoma and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- The Forth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Chang-Peng Chai
- The Forth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Huan Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jin-Jing Hu
- The Forth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wen-Ce Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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