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Heyder M, Kranz S, Beck J, Wettemann M, Hennig CL, Schulze-Späte U, Sigusch BW, Reise M. Influence of Layer Thickness and Shade on the Transmission of Light through Contemporary Resin Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1554. [PMID: 38612069 PMCID: PMC11012366 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Material-dependent parameters have an important impact on the efficiency of light polymerization. The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the influence of the increment thickness and shade of nano- and nanohybrid resin composites on the transmission of curing light. METHODS Three contemporary resin composites were evaluated: Tetric EvoCeram® (TEC); Venus Diamond® (VD); and Filtek Supreme XTE® (FS XTE). Light transmission (LT) was recorded in accordance with the sample thickness (0.5 to 2.7 mm) and the shade. Polymerized samples were irradiated for 10 s each using the high-power LED curing light Celalux 2 (1900 mW/cm2). LT was simultaneously recorded using the MARC Patient Simulator (MARC-PS). RESULTS LT was strongly influenced by the composite layer thickness. For 0.5 mm-thick samples, a mean power density of 735 mW/cm2 was recorded at the bottom side. For the 2.7 mm samples, a mean power density of 107 mW/cm2 was measured. Only LT was markedly reduced in the case of darker shades. From A1 to A4, LT decreased by 39.3% for FS XTE and 50.8% for TEC. Dentin shades of FS XTE and TEC (A2, A4) showed the lowest LT. CONCLUSIONS The thickness and shade of resin composite increments strongly influences the transmission of curing light. More precise information about these parameters should be included in the manufacture manual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Heyder
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.H.); (J.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Stefan Kranz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.H.); (J.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Julius Beck
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.H.); (J.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Marlene Wettemann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.H.); (J.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Christoph-Ludwig Hennig
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Ulrike Schulze-Späte
- Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Bernd W. Sigusch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.H.); (J.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Markus Reise
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.H.); (J.B.); (M.R.)
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Ali S, Sangi L, Kumar N, Kumar B, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS. Evaluating antibacterial and surface mechanical properties of chitosan modified dental resin composites. Technol Health Care 2021; 28:165-173. [PMID: 31594266 DOI: 10.3233/thc-181568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antibacterial properties are beneficial and desired for dental restorative composite materials. The incorporation of various antimicrobial agents into resin composites may compromise their physical and mechanical properties hence limiting their applications. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity and the hardness of microhybrid and flowable resin based composites (RBCs) modified using novel antimicrobial agent chitosan (CS). METHODS The antibacterial activity of microhybrid and flowable RBCs modified with 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1% w/w chitosan (CS) against Actinomyces viscous bacteria was explored using agar diffusion test and direct contact methods. The hardness of control and experimental RBCs was determined by Vickers hardness (VH) tester. RESULTS The results revealed that control and experimental flowable and microhybrid RBCs did not demonstrate growth inhibition zone in the lawn growth of Actinomyces viscous. The direct contact test revealed that colony forming unit (CFU) count of Actinomyces viscous was comparable among the experimental and control materials. The flowable RBCs containing 1% CS had significantly higher VH compared to control and other experimental flowable RBC groups. The microhybrid RBCs consisting of 0.50% CS exhibited significantly higher VH compared to experimental microhybrid RBC group containing 1% CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ali
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Bibi Aseefa Dental College, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Larkana, Pakistan
| | - Laila Sangi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bharat Kumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dental Material, RIPHAH International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Mazhari F, Ajami B, Moazzami SM, Baghaee B, Hafez B. Microhardness of composite resin cured through different primary tooth thicknesses with different light intensities and curing times: In vitro study. Eur J Dent 2016; 10:203-209. [PMID: 27095897 PMCID: PMC4813436 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.178316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increased exposure time and light intensity on microhardness of cured composite through different thicknesses of tooth structure in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: One hundred and seventy cylindrical resin composite specimens were prepared. All specimens were divided into 17 experimental and control groups. “Light-emitting diode” light curing unit (LCU) applied directly or through 1, 2, and 3 mm thicknesses tooth slices for experimental groups. The irradiation protocols were 25 and 50 s at 650 mW/cm2 and 15 and 30 s at 1100 mW/cm2. The “quartz-tungsten-halogen” LCU (400 mW/cm2) for 40 s was used in control group. Microhardness was measured by the Vickers hardness test. Results: Indirectly cured specimens and those cured through a 1 mm thick tooth structure, an increase in intensity caused hardness drop. In the specimens cured through 2 and 3 mm thick tooth structures, increased intensity and/or exposure time did not show any appropriate changes on microhardness. Conclusion: Irradiation through a 1.0 mm thick tooth slice resulted in reduced microhardness although it was still within the clinically acceptable level. The hardness values of the specimens cured through 2 or 3 mm thick tooth slices fell below the clinically acceptable level even after doubling the exposure time and/or light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mazhari
- Dental Material Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behjatolmolok Ajami
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saied Mostafa Moazzami
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zakavi F, Golpasand Hagh L, Sadeghian S, Freckelton V, Daraeighadikolaei A, Ghanatir E, Zarnaghash N. Evaluation of microleakage of class II dental composite resin restorations cured with LED or QTH dental curing light; Blind, Cluster Randomized, In vitro cross sectional study. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:416. [PMID: 24990296 PMCID: PMC4085696 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to compare the microleakage of Class II dental composite resin restorations which have been cured by three different LED (light emitting diode) light curing modes compared to control samples cured by QTH (quartz tungsten halogen) light curing units (LCUs), to determine the most effective light curing unit and mode of curing. RESULTS In this experimental study, class II cavities were prepared on 100 sound human premolars which have been extracted for orthodontic treatment. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups; three experimental and one control group of 25 teeth each. Experimental groups were cured by either conventional, pulse-delay, or ramped curing modes of LED. The control group was cured for 20 seconds by QTH. The restorations were thermocycled (1000 times, between 5 and 55°C, for 5 seconds dwell time), dyed, sectioned mesio-distally and viewed under stereo-microscope (40×) magnification. Teeth were then scored on a 0 to 4 scale based on the amount of microleakage. The data were analyzed by Chi-square test.No significant difference was demonstrated between the different LCUs (light curing units), or modes of curing, at the enamel side (p > 0.05). At the dentin side, all modes of LED curing could significantly reduce microleakage (p < 0.05). The results suggest that slow start curing improves marginal integrity and seal. High intense curing endangers those aims. CONCLUSIONS Comparison between the three LED mode cured composite resin restorations and QTH curing showed LED curing in all modes is more effective than QTH for reducing microleakage. Both LED and QTH almost completely eliminate the microleakage on the enamel side, however none of them absolutely eliminated microleakage on the dentin side.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Arash Daraeighadikolaei
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur Dental School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715775, Iran.
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Rastelli AN, Jacomassi DP, Faloni APS, Queiroz TP, Rojas SS, Bernardi MINÊB, Bagnato VS, Hernandes AC. The filler content of the dental composite resins and their influence on different properties. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 75:758-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.21122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Umer F, Khan FR. Postoperative sensitivity in Class V composite restorations: Comparing soft start vs. constant curing modes of LED. J Conserv Dent 2011; 14:76-9. [PMID: 21691512 PMCID: PMC3099121 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.80738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the major disadvantages associated with using composites is polymerization shrinkage; stresses are generated at the margins, and if these stresses exceed the bond strength, microleakage occurs at the tooth restoration interface which causes ingress of cariogenic bacteria, post-operative sensitivity, and secondary caries. LED offers several curing modes: constant cure, ramped cure, and soft start cure. It is claimed that soft start polymerization mode produces less polymerization shrinkage and consequently less postoperative sensitivity. Objective: To compare the postoperative sensitivity in Class V composite restorations using soft start and constant LED curing modes. Materials and Methods: Using the appropriate burrs cavity was prepared and filled with composite Z 100(3M-ESPE) using a incremental technique. Each increment of 2 mm was cured either with soft start or constant cure. All patients were evaluated at day 2 for postoperative sensitivity. Results and Discussion: Out of 124 restorations that were placed, only three restorations presented with postoperative sensitivity, each one being in mild, moderate, and severe categories, respectively. No relationship was seen between the sensitivity and tooth type. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative sensitivity in either of the treatment modalities (constant or soft start). Conclusion: We conclude that restorations placed with the soft start curing technique did not show significant changes in postoperative sensitivity when compared to the constant curing technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Umer
- The Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan
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Santos GO, Santos MEO, Sampaio EM, Dias KRHC, Silva EM. Influence of C-factor and Light-curing Mode on Gap Formation in Resin Composite Restorations. Oper Dent 2009; 34:544-50. [DOI: 10.2341/08-035-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical RelevanceGap formation in resin composite restorations may have influence on some parameters, such as C-factor and light-curing mode.
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Cattell MJ, Chadwick TC, Knowles JC, Clarke RL. The development and testing of glaze materials for application to the fit surface of dental ceramic restorations. Dent Mater 2009; 25:431-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Takamizawa T, Yamamoto A, Inoue N, Tsujimoto A, Oto T, Irokawa A, Tsubota K, Miyazaki M. Influence of light intensity on contraction stress of flowable resins. J Oral Sci 2008; 50:37-43. [PMID: 18403882 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.50.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of power density on contraction stress of resin composite restorative materials during photo-polymerization. Six flowable resin composites, and a hybrid resin composite for comparison, were used. The composites were polymerized with the power density adjusted to either 100 or 600 mW/cm(2). Stress development was determined with a custom-made tensilometer. The adhesive was placed in a thin layer on a steel rod and resin paste was packed into the mold. The contraction force (N) generated during polymerization was continuously recorded and the maximum contraction stress (MPa) was calculated. Data were analyzed statistically. When the power density was adjusted to 100 mW/cm(2), the average contraction stress ranged from 0.30 to 0.50 MPa for the flowable composites, compared with 0.35 MPa for the hybrid composite. When the power density was adjusted to 600 mW/cm(2), the average contraction stress ranged from 0.34 to 1.00 MPa for the flowable composites and 0.69 MPa for the hybrid composite comparison. For all materials tested except Estelite Flow Quick, contraction stress increased with higher power density. The present results indicate that contraction stress during polymerization is influenced by power density and resin composite type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Takamizawa
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Moore BK, Platt JA, Borges G, Chu TMG, Katsilieri I. Depth of Cure of Dental Resin Composites: ISO 4049 Depth and Microhardness of Types of Materials and Shades. Oper Dent 2008; 33:408-12. [DOI: 10.2341/07-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Relevance
Achieving a high degree of cure throughout a 2 mm thickness of light-activated resin composite did not occur for many types and shades of resin composite. Clinicians should check the depth of cure by using the scraping method.
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dos Santos GO, da Silva AHMDFT, Guimarães JGA, Barcellos ADAL, Sampaio EM, da Silva EM. Analysis of gap formation at tooth-composite resin interface: effect of C-factor and light-curing protocol. J Appl Oral Sci 2007; 15:270-4. [PMID: 19089143 PMCID: PMC4327428 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572007000400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of C-factor and light-curing protocol on gap formation in composite resin restorations. Material and Methods: Cylindrical cavities with 5.0 mm diameter and three different depths (A=1.0, B=2.0 and C=3.0 mm) were prepared on the occlusal surface of 30 human molars and restored in a single increment with P 60. The composite resin was light-cured according to two protocols: standard - 850 mW/cm2 / 20 s and gradual - 100 up to 1000 mW/cm2/ 10 s + 1000 mW/cm2 / 10 s. After storage in distilled water (37°C/7 days), the restorations were cut into three slices in a buccolingual direction and the gap widths were analyzed using a 3D-scanning system. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test (α=0.05). Results: ANOVA detected a significant influence for the C-factor and light-curing protocol as independent factors, and for the double interaction C-factor vs. light-curing protocol. Cavities with higher C-factor presented the highest gap formation. The gradual light-curing protocol led to smaller gap formation at cavity interfaces. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the C-factor played an essential role in gap formation. The gradual light-curing protocol may allow relaxation of composite resin restoration during polymerization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Oliveira dos Santos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Ingá, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Yamamoto A, Tsubota K, Takamizawa T, Kurokawa H, Rikuta A, Ando S, Takigawa T, Kuroda T, Miyazaki M. Influence of light intensity on dentin bond strength of self-etch systems. J Oral Sci 2006; 48:21-6. [PMID: 16617197 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.48.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of light intensity on dentin bond strengths of four self-etch adhesive systems. The light intensities used to polymerize specimens were controlled at levels of 150, 300, 600, and 900 mW/cm2. The two-step self-etch adhesive systems Imperva Fluoro Bond and Mac Bond II, and the one-step self-etch systems Fluoro Bond Shake-One and One-Up Bond F Plus were used with their corresponding light-cured resins. Labial surfaces of lower bovine incisors were ground with #600 grit SiC paper to expose the dentin. The dentin surfaces were treated according to each manufacturer's instructions and bonded with resin composites. A shear bond strength test was performed and the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls multiple comparison at a level of 0.05. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that light intensity affected the dentin bond strengths of the adhesive systems tested. Significantly lower bond strengths were obtained by exposure to 150 mW/cm2, and there were no differences between the bond strengths obtained at 600 and 900 mW/cm2 for all the adhesive systems used. Further research will be required to clarify the irradiance-dependent properties of light-cured resin adhesive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yamamoto
- Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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