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Bahat G, Ozkok S. The Current Landscape of Pharmacotherapies for Sarcopenia. Drugs Aging 2024; 41:83-112. [PMID: 38315328 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-023-01093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a skeletal muscle disorder characterized by progressive and generalized decline in muscle mass and function. Although it is mostly known as an age-related disorder, it can also occur secondary to systemic diseases such as malignancy or organ failure. It has demonstrated a significant relationship with adverse outcomes, e.g., falls, disabilities, and even mortality. Several breakthroughs have been made to find a pharmaceutical therapy for sarcopenia over the years, and some have come up with promising findings. Yet still no drug has been approved for its treatment. The key factor that makes finding an effective pharmacotherapy so challenging is the general paradigm of standalone/single diseases, traditionally adopted in medicine. Today, it is well known that sarcopenia is a complex disorder caused by multiple factors, e.g., imbalance in protein turnover, satellite cell and mitochondrial dysfunction, hormonal changes, low-grade inflammation, senescence, anorexia of aging, and behavioral factors such as low physical activity. Therefore, pharmaceuticals, either alone or combined, that exhibit multiple actions on these factors simultaneously will likely be the drug of choice to manage sarcopenia. Among various drug options explored throughout the years, testosterone still has the most cumulated evidence regarding its effects on muscle health and its safety. A mas receptor agonist, BIO101, stands out as a recent promising pharmaceutical. In addition to the conventional strategies (i.e., nutritional support and physical exercise), therapeutics with multiple targets of action or combination of multiple therapeutics with different targets/modes of action appear to promise greater benefit for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulistan Bahat
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Capa, 34390, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Serdar Ozkok
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Hatay Training and Research Hospital, Hatay, 31040, Turkey
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Ananthamohan K, Stelzer JE, Sadayappan S. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in MYBPC3 carriers in aging. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2024; 4:9. [PMID: 38406555 PMCID: PMC10883298 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2023.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by abnormal thickening of the myocardium, leading to arrhythmias, heart failure, and elevated risk of sudden cardiac death, particularly among the young. This inherited disease is predominantly caused by mutations in sarcomeric genes, among which those in the cardiac myosin binding protein-C3 (MYBPC3) gene are major contributors. HCM associated with MYBPC3 mutations usually presents in the elderly and ranges from asymptomatic to symptomatic forms, affecting numerous cardiac functions and presenting significant health risks with a spectrum of clinical manifestations. Regulation of MYBPC3 expression involves various transcriptional and translational mechanisms, yet the destiny of mutant MYBPC3 mRNA and protein in late-onset HCM remains unclear. Pathogenesis related to MYBPC3 mutations includes nonsense-mediated decay, alternative splicing, and ubiquitin-proteasome system events, leading to allelic imbalance and haploinsufficiency. Aging further exacerbates the severity of HCM in carriers of MYBPC3 mutations. Advancements in high-throughput omics techniques have identified crucial molecular events and regulatory disruptions in cardiomyocytes expressing MYBPC3 variants. This review assesses the pathogenic mechanisms that promote late-onset HCM through the lens of transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modulation of MYBPC3, underscoring its significance in HCM across carriers. The review also evaluates the influence of aging on these processes and MYBPC3 levels during HCM pathogenesis in the elderly. While pinpointing targets for novel medical interventions to conserve cardiac function remains challenging, the emergence of personalized omics offers promising avenues for future HCM treatments, particularly for late-onset cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Ananthamohan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Julian E. Stelzer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 45267, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Marcozzi S, Bigossi G, Giuliani ME, Giacconi R, Piacenza F, Cardelli M, Brunetti D, Segala A, Valerio A, Nisoli E, Lattanzio F, Provinciali M, Malavolta M. Cellular senescence and frailty: a comprehensive insight into the causal links. GeroScience 2023; 45:3267-3305. [PMID: 37792158 PMCID: PMC10643740 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00960-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells may have a prominent role in driving inflammation and frailty. The impact of cellular senescence on frailty varies depending on the assessment tool used, as it is influenced by the criteria or items predominantly affected by senescent cells and the varying weights assigned to these items across different health domains. To address this challenge, we undertook a thorough review of all available studies involving gain- or loss-of-function experiments as well as interventions targeting senescent cells, focusing our attention on those studies that examined outcomes based on the individual frailty phenotype criteria or specific items used to calculate two humans (35 and 70 items) and one mouse (31 items) frailty indexes. Based on the calculation of a simple "evidence score," we found that the burden of senescent cells related to musculoskeletal and cerebral health has the strongest causal link to frailty. We deem that insight into these mechanisms may not only contribute to clarifying the role of cellular senescence in frailty but could additionally provide multiple therapeutic opportunities to help the future development of a desirable personalized therapy in these extremely heterogeneous patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Marcozzi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS INRCA, 60124, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bigossi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Elisa Giuliani
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cardelli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Dario Brunetti
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnese Segala
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research On Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy.
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Byappanahalli AM, Noren Hooten N, Vannoy M, Mode NA, Ezike N, Zonderman AB, Evans MK. Mitochondrial DNA and inflammatory proteins are higher in extracellular vesicles from frail individuals. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:6. [PMID: 36710345 PMCID: PMC9885591 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty, a clinical syndrome commencing at midlife, is a risk for morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the factors that contribute to the chronic inflammatory state associated with frailty. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-bound vesicles that are released into the circulation and are mediators of intercellular communication. We examined whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and inflammatory proteins in EVs may act as damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules in frailty. RESULTS To address whether EVs and their associated mtDNA and inflammatory protein cargo are altered with frailty, EVs were isolated from non-frail (n = 90) and frail (n = 87) middle-aged (45-55 years) participants from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study. EV concentration was highest in frail White participants. EV mtDNA levels were significantly higher in frail individuals compared to non-frail individuals. The presence of six inflammatory proteins in EVs (FGF-21, HGF, IL-12B, PD-L1, PRDX3, and STAMBP) were significantly associated with frailty. EV inflammatory proteins were significantly altered by frailty status, race, sex, and poverty status. Notably, frail White participants had higher levels of EV-associated CD5, CD8A, CD244, CXCL1, CXCL6, CXCL11, LAP-TGF-beta-1 and MCP-4 compared to frail and non-frail African American participants. Frail White participants living below poverty had higher levels of EV-associated uPA. EV-associated CCL28 levels were highest in non-frail women and CXCL1 were highest in non-frail men. Men living below poverty had higher levels of CD5, CD8A, CXCL1, LAP-TGF-beta-1, and uPA. CXCL6 levels were significantly higher in individuals living above poverty. There was a significant correlation between EV mtDNA levels and the presence of inflammatory proteins. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that mtDNA within EVs may act as a DAMP molecule in frailty. Its association with chemokines and other inflammatory EV cargo proteins, may contribute to the frailty phenotype. In addition, the social determinant of health, poverty, influences the inflammatory cargo of EVs in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali M. Byappanahalli
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Mya Vannoy
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Present address: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,3400 Civic Center Boulevard Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Nicolle A. Mode
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Ngozi Ezike
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Michele K. Evans
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
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Su X, Xie L, Li J, Tian X, Lin B, Chen M. Exploring molecular signatures related to the mechanism of aging in different brain regions by integrated bioinformatics. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1133106. [PMID: 37033380 PMCID: PMC10076559 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1133106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of brain aging is not fully understood. Few studies have attempted to identify molecular changes using bioinformatics at the subregional level in the aging brain. This study aimed to identify the molecular signatures and key genes involved in aging, depending on the brain region. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with aging of the cerebral cortex (CX), hippocampus (HC), and cerebellum (CB) were identified based on five datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The molecular signatures of aging were explored using functional and pathway analyses. Hub genes of each brain region were determined by protein-protein interaction network analysis, and commonly expressed DEGs (co-DEGs) were also found. Gene-microRNAs (miRNAs) and gene-disease interactions were constructed using online databases. The expression levels and regional specificity of the hub genes and co-DEGs were validated using animal experiments. In total, 32, 293, and 141 DEGs were identified in aging CX, HC, and CB, respectively. Enrichment analysis indicated molecular changes related to leukocyte invasion, abnormal neurotransmission, and impaired neurogenesis due to inflammation as the major signatures of the CX, HC, and CB. Itgax is a hub gene of cortical aging. Zfp51 and Zfp62 were identified as hub genes involved in hippocampal aging. Itgax and Cxcl10 were identified as hub genes involved in cerebellar aging. S100a8 was the only co-DEG in all three regions. In addition, a series of molecular changes associated with inflammation was observed in all three brain regions. Several miRNAs interact with hub genes and S100a8. The change in gene levels was further validated in an animal experiment. Only the upregulation of Zfp51 and Zfp62 was restricted to the HC. The molecular signatures of aging exhibit regional differences in the brain and seem to be closely related to neuroinflammation. Itgax, Zfp51, Zfp62, Cxcl10, and S100a8 may be key genes and potential targets for the prevention of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Su
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Department of Physiology, Pre-Clinical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Physiology, Pre-Clinical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinyue Tian
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bing Lin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Menghua Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Menghua Chen,
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Pacheco NL, Noren Hooten N, Zhang Y, Prince CS, Mode NA, Ezike N, Becker KG, Zonderman AB, Evans MK. Sex-specific transcriptome differences in a middle-aged frailty cohort. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:651. [PMID: 35945487 PMCID: PMC9361278 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Frailty is a clinical syndrome described as reduced physiological reserve and increased vulnerability. Typically examined in older adults, recent work shows frailty occurs in middle-aged individuals and is associated with increased mortality. Previous investigation of global transcriptome changes in a middle-aged cohort from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study demonstrated inflammatory genes and pathways were significantly altered by frailty status and race. Transcriptome differences in frailty by sex remain unclear. We sought to discover novel genes and pathways associated with sex and frailty in a diverse middle-aged cohort using RNA-Sequencing. Methods Differential gene expression and pathway analyses were performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 1) frail females (FRAF, n = 4) vs non-frail females (NORF, n = 4), 2) frail males (FRAM, n = 4) vs non-frail males (NORM, n = 4), 3) FRAM vs FRAF, and 4) NORM vs NORF. We evaluated exclusive significant genes and pathways, as well as overlaps, between the comparison groups. Results Over 80% of the significant genes exclusive to FRAF vs NORF, FRAM vs NORM, and FRAM vs FRAF, respectively, were novel and associated with various biological functions. Pathways exclusive to FRAF vs NORF were associated with reduced inflammation, while FRAM vs NORM exclusive pathways were related to aberrant musculoskeletal physiology. Pathways exclusive to FRAM vs FRAF were associated with reduced cell cycle regulation and activated catabolism and Coronavirus pathogenesis. Conclusions Our results indicate sex-specific transcriptional changes occur in middle-aged frailty, enhancing knowledge on frailty progression and potential therapeutic targets to prevent frailty. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-03326-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha L Pacheco
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Calais S Prince
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicolle A Mode
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ngozi Ezike
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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7
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Biomarkers of Frailty: miRNAs as Common Signatures of Impairment in Cognitive and Physical Domains. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081151. [PMID: 36009778 PMCID: PMC9405439 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The past years have seen an increasing concern about frailty, owing to the growing number of elderly people and the major impact of this syndrome on health and social care. The identification of frail people passes through the use of different tests and biomarkers, whose concerted analysis helps to stratify the populations of patients according to their risk profile. However, their efficiency in prognosis and their capability to reflect the multisystemic impairment of frailty is discussed. Recent works propose the use of miRNAs as biological hallmarks of physiological impairment in different organismal districts. Changes in miRNAs expression have been described in biological processes associated with phenotypic outcomes of frailty, opening intriguing possibilities for their use as biomarkers of fragility. Here, with the aim of finding reliable biomarkers of frailty, while considering its complex nature, we revised the current literature on the field, for uncovering miRNAs shared across physical and cognitive frailty domains. By applying in silico analyses, we retrieved the top-ranked shared miRNAs and their targets, finally prioritizing the most significant ones. From this analysis, ten miRNAs emerged which converge into two main biological processes: inflammation and energy homeostasis. Such markers, if validated, may offer promising capabilities for early diagnosis of frailty in the elderly population.
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Shared and Divergent Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cachexia and Sarcopenia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152293. [PMID: 35892590 PMCID: PMC9332174 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant loss of muscle mass may occur in cachexia and sarcopenia, which are major causes of mortality and disability. Cachexia represents a complex multi-organ syndrome associated with cancer and chronic diseases. It is often characterized by body weight loss, inflammation, and muscle and adipose wasting. Progressive muscle loss is also a hallmark of healthy aging, which is emerging worldwide as a main demographic trend. A great challenge for the health care systems is the age-related decline in functionality which threatens the independence and quality of life of elderly people. This biological decline can also be associated with functional muscle loss, known as sarcopenia. Previous studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in the development and progression of muscle wasting in both cachexia and sarcopenia. These small non-coding RNAs, often carried in extracellular vesicles, inhibit translation by targeting messenger RNAs, therefore representing potent epigenetic modulators. The molecular mechanisms behind cachexia and sarcopenia, including the expression of specific miRNAs, share common and distinctive trends. The aim of the present review is to compile recent evidence about shared and divergent epigenetic mechanisms, particularly focusing on miRNAs, between cachexia and sarcopenia to understand a facet in the underlying muscle wasting associated with these morbidities and disclose potential therapeutic interventions.
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Frailty in Aging and the Search for the Optimal Biomarker: A Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061426. [PMID: 35740447 PMCID: PMC9219911 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of accelerated aging of the population worldwide, frailty has emerged as one of the main risk factors that can lead to loss of self-sufficiency in older people. This syndrome is defined as a reduced state of physiological reserve and functional capacity. The main diagnostic tools for frailty are based on scales that show deficits compared to their clinical application, such as the Fried frailty phenotype, among others. In this context, it is important to have one or more biomarkers with clinical applicability that can objectively and precisely determine the degree or risk of frailty in older people. The objective of this review was to analyze the biomarkers associated with frailty, classified according to the pathophysiological components of this syndrome (inflammation, coagulation, antioxidants, and liver function, among others). The evidence demonstrates that biomarkers associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, skeletal/cardiac muscle function, and platelet function represent the most promising markers of frailty due to their pathophysiological association with this syndrome. To a lesser extent but with the possibility of greater innovation, biomarkers associated with growth factors, vitamins, amino acids, and miRNAs represent alternatives as markers of this geriatric syndrome. Likewise, the incorporation of artificial intelligence represents an interesting approach to strengthening the diagnosis of frailty by biomarkers.
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Dowling L, Duseja A, Vilaca T, Walsh JS, Goljanek-Whysall K. MicroRNAs in obesity, sarcopenia, and commonalities for sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:68-85. [PMID: 34984856 PMCID: PMC8818592 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is a distinct condition of sarcopenia in the context of obesity, with the cumulative health risks of both phenotypes. Differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been reported separately in people with obesity and sarcopenia and may play a role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity. However, this has not been explored to date. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs reported in serum, plasma, and skeletal muscle of people with obesity and sarcopenia and whether there are any commonalities between these conditions. We performed a systematic review on Embase and MEDLINE (PROSPERO, CRD42020224486) for differentially expressed miRNAs (fold change >1.5 or P-value <0.05) in (i) sarcopenia or frailty and (ii) obesity or metabolic syndrome. The functions and targets of miRNAs commonly changed in both conditions, in the same direction, were searched using PubMed. Following deduplication, 247 obesity and 42 sarcopenia studies were identified for full-text screening. Screening identified 36 obesity and 6 sarcopenia studies for final inclusion. A total of 351 miRNAs were identified in obesity and 157 in sarcopenia. Fifty-five miRNAs were identified in both obesity and sarcopenia-by sample type, 48 were found in plasma and one each in serum and skeletal muscle. Twenty-four miRNAs were identified from 10 of the included studies as commonly changed in the same direction (22 in plasma and one each in serum and skeletal muscle) in obesity and sarcopenia. The majority of miRNA-validated targets identified in the literature search were members of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and transforming growth factor-β signalling pathways. The most common targets identified were insulin-like growth factor 1 (miR-424-5p, miR-483-3p, and miR-18b-5p) and members of the SMAD family (miR-483-3p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-424-5p). The majority of commonly changed miRNAs were involved in protein homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, determination of muscle fibre type, insulin resistance, and adipogenesis. Twenty-four miRNAs were identified as commonly dysregulated in obesity and sarcopenia with functions and targets implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity. Given the adverse health outcomes associated with sarcopenic obesity, understanding the pathogenesis underlying this phenotype has the potential to lead to effective screening, monitoring, or treatment strategies. Further research is now required to confirm whether these miRNAs are differentially expressed in older adults with sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
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miRNome Profiling Detects miR-101-3p and miR-142-5p as Putative Blood Biomarkers of Frailty Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020231. [PMID: 35205276 PMCID: PMC8872439 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty is an aging-related pathology, defined as a state of increased vulnerability to stressors, leading to a limited capacity to meet homeostatic demands. Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) were proposed as potential biomarkers of various disease conditions, including age-related pathologies. The primary objective of this study was to identify blood miRNAs that could serve as potential biomarkers and candidate mechanisms of frailty. Using the Fried index, we enrolled 22 robust and 19 frail subjects. Blood and urine samples were analysed for several biochemical parameters. We observed that sTNF-R was robustly upregulated in the frail group, indicating the presence of an inflammatory state. Further, by RNA-seq, we profiled 2654 mature miRNAs in the whole blood of the two groups. Expression levels of selected differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by qPCR, and target prediction analyses were performed for the dysregulated miRNAs. We identified 2 miRNAs able to significantly differentiate frail patients from robust subjects. Both miR-101-3p and miR-142-5p were found to be downregulated in the frail vs. robust group. Finally, using bioinformatics targets prediction tools, we explored the potential molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways regulated by the two miRNAs and potentially involved in frailty.
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12
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Vrbová P, Valášková S, Gažová A, Smaha J, Kužma M, Kyselovič J, Payer J, Koller T. Biomarkers of the Physical Function Mobility Domains Among
Patients Hospitalized in Internal Medicine. Physiol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.33549//physiolres.934777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hospitalized patients in internal medicine have an increased risk of low physical reserve which further declines during the hospital stay. The diagnosis requires bed-side testing of functional domains or more complex investigations of the muscle mass. Clinically useful biomarkers of functional status are needed, thus we aimed to explore the potential of microRNAs. Among hospitalized patients, we recorded the basic demographics, anthropometrics, nutritional status, and physical function domains: hand-grip strength (HGS, abnormal values M<30 kg, W<20 kg), balance (<30 s), chair-stands speed (CHSS<0.5/s) and gait speed (GS<0.8 m/s). A panel of five micro-RNAs (miRNA 1, miRNA 133a, miRNA 133b, miRNA 29a, miRNA 29b) and basic blood biochemistry and vitamin D values were recorded. We enrolled 80 patients (M40, W40), with a mean age of 68.8±8.4 years. Obesity was observed in 27.5 % and 30 %, low HGS and low CHSS in 65.0, 77.5 %, and 80, 90 % of men and women respectively. The median hospital stay was 6.5 days. MiRNA29a and miRNA29b have the strongest correlation with the triceps skinfold (miRNA 29b, r=0.377, p=0.0006) and CHSS (miRNA 29a, r=0.262, p=0.02). MiRNA 29a, miRNA 29b and 133a levels were significantly higher in patients with CHSS<0.5/s. Other anthropometric parameters, mobility domains, or vitamin D did not correlate. All miRNAs except of miRNA 1, could predict low CHSS (miRNA29b, AUROC=0.736 CI 0.56-0.91, p=0.01), particularly in patients with low HGS (miRNA 29b, AUROC=0.928 CI 0.83-0.98). Among hospitalized patients in internal medicine, low functional status was frequent. MicroRNAs were fair biomarkers of the antigravity domain, but not other domains. Larger studies with clinical endpoints are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Vrbová
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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13
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Carini G, Musazzi L, Bolzetta F, Cester A, Fiorentini C, Ieraci A, Maggi S, Popoli M, Veronese N, Barbon A. The Potential Role of miRNAs in Cognitive Frailty. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:763110. [PMID: 34867290 PMCID: PMC8632944 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.763110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is an aging related condition, which has been defined as a state of enhanced vulnerability to stressors, leading to a limited capacity to meet homeostatic demands. Cognitive impairment is also frequent in older people, often accompanying frailty. Age is the main independent risk factor for both frailty and cognitive impairment, and compelling evidence suggests that similar age-associated mechanisms could underlie both clinical conditions. Accordingly, it has been suggested that frailty and cognitive impairment share common pathways, and some authors proposed "cognitive frailty" as a single complex phenotype. Nevertheless, so far, no clear common underlying pathways have been discovered for both conditions. microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key fine-tuning regulators in most physiological processes, as well as pathological conditions. Importantly, miRNAs have been proposed as both peripheral biomarkers and potential molecular factors involved in physiological and pathological aging. In this review, we discuss the evidence linking changes of selected miRNAs expression with frailty and cognitive impairment. Overall, miR-92a-5p and miR-532-5p, as well as other miRNAs implicated in pathological aging, should be investigated as potential biomarkers (and putative molecular effectors) of cognitive frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Carini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Musazzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bolzetta
- Medical Department, Geriatric Unit, Azienda ULSS (Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria) 3 "Serenissima," Venice, Italy
| | - Alberto Cester
- Medical Department, Geriatric Unit, Azienda ULSS (Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria) 3 "Serenissima," Venice, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Maggi
- Aging Branch, Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Medical Department, Geriatric Unit, Azienda ULSS (Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria) 3 "Serenissima," Venice, Italy.,Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Barbon
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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14
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Blood Immunosenescence Signatures Reflecting Age, Frailty and Tumor Immune Infiltrate in Patients with Early Luminal Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092185. [PMID: 34063210 PMCID: PMC8125302 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Treating older patients with (breast) cancer is a major challenge. On the one hand, older persons are more vulnerable to side effects of therapy, and over-treatment should be avoided. On the other hand, under-treatment (which is common in the elderly) can lead to worse survival and quality of life as well. Benefits of therapy and risk of (sometimes life threatening) toxicity should be carefully balanced. There is an urgent need for robust markers that reflect the body’s biological age and could aid in outlining optimal individual treatment regimens. Here we investigated whether age/frailty and characteristics of the tumor immune infiltrate are mirrored in specific blood biomarker combinations. Several three-biomarker panels were able to categorize patients quite efficiently, especially in terms of their clinical frailty status. Abstract Background: Immune/senescence-related host factors play a pivotal role in numerous biological and pathological process like aging, frailty and cancer. The assessment of these host factors via robust, non-invasive, and easy-to-measure blood biomarkers could improve insights in these processes. Here, we investigated in a series of breast cancer patients in which way single circulating biomarkers or biomarker panels relate to chronological age, frailty status, and tumor-associated inflammatory microenvironment. Methods: An extensive panel of blood immune/senescence markers and the tumor immune infiltrate was studied in young, middle-aged, and old patients with an early invasive hormone-sensitive, HER2-negative breast cancer. In the old group, clinical frailty was estimated via the G8-scores. Results: Several three-blood biomarker panels proved to be able to separate old chronological age from young age very efficiently. Clinically more important, several three-blood biomarker panels were strongly associated with clinical frailty. Performance of blood biomarker panels for prediction of the tumor immune infiltrate was lower. Conclusion: Immune/senescence blood biomarker panels strongly correlate with chronological age, and clinically more importantly with frailty status in early breast cancer patients. They require further investigation on their ability to provide a more complete picture on clinical frailty status and direct personalized therapy in older persons.
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15
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Berben L, Floris G, Wildiers H, Hatse S. Cancer and Aging: Two Tightly Interconnected Biological Processes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1400. [PMID: 33808654 PMCID: PMC8003441 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age is one of the main risk factors of cancer; several biological changes linked with the aging process can explain this. As our population is progressively aging, the proportion of older patients with cancer is increasing significantly. Due to the heterogeneity of general health and functional status amongst older persons, treatment of cancer is a major challenge in this vulnerable population. Older patients often experience more side effects of anticancer treatments. Over-treatment should be avoided to ensure an optimal quality of life. On the other hand, under-treatment due to fear of toxicity is a frequent problem and can lead to an increased risk of relapse and worse survival. There is a delicate balance between benefits of therapy and risk of toxicity. Robust biomarkers that reflect the body's biological age may aid in outlining optimal individual treatment regimens for older patients with cancer. In particular, the impact of age on systemic immunity and the tumor immune infiltrate should be considered, given the expanding role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning the mechanistic connections between aging and cancer, as well as aging biomarkers that could be helpful in the field of geriatric oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieze Berben
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
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16
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García-Giménez JL, Mena-Molla S, Tarazona-Santabalbina FJ, Viña J, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Pallardó FV. Implementing Precision Medicine in Human Frailty through Epigenetic Biomarkers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1883. [PMID: 33672064 PMCID: PMC7919465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The main epigenetic features in aging are: reduced bulk levels of core histones, altered pattern of histone post-translational modifications, changes in the pattern of DNA methylation, replacement of canonical histones with histone variants, and altered expression of non-coding RNA. The identification of epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to the early detection of age-associated subclinical changes or deficits at the molecular and/or cellular level, to predict the development of frailty, or even more interestingly, to improve health trajectories in older adults. Frailty reflects a state of increased vulnerability to stressors as a result of decreased physiologic reserves, and even dysregulation of multiple physiologic systems leading to adverse health outcomes for individuals of the same chronological age. A key approach to overcome the challenges of frailty is the development of biomarkers to improve early diagnostic accuracy and to predict trajectories in older individuals. The identification of epigenetic biomarkers of frailty could provide important support for the clinical diagnosis of frailty, or more specifically, to the evaluation of its associated risks. Interventional studies aimed at delaying the onset of frailty and the functional alterations associated with it, would also undoubtedly benefit from the identification of frailty biomarkers. Specific to the article yet reasonably common within the subject discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis García-Giménez
- U733, Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.G.-G.); (F.V.P.)
- Mixed Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46003 Valencia, Spain;
- EpiDisease S.L., Parc Cientific de la Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Salvador Mena-Molla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46003 Valencia, Spain;
- EpiDisease S.L., Parc Cientific de la Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | | | - Jose Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Federico V. Pallardó
- U733, Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.G.-G.); (F.V.P.)
- Mixed Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46003 Valencia, Spain;
- EpiDisease S.L., Parc Cientific de la Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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17
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Berben L, Floris G, Kenis C, Dalmasso B, Smeets A, Vos H, Neven P, Antoranz Martinez A, Laenen A, Wildiers H, Hatse S. Age-related remodelling of the blood immunological portrait and the local tumor immune response in patients with luminal breast cancer. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1184. [PMID: 33024560 PMCID: PMC7532981 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Aging is associated with altered immune function and chronic low-grade inflammation, referred to as immunosenescence. As breast cancer is an age-related disease, the impact of aging on tumor immune responses may have important consequences. However, effects of immunosenescence on breast tumor immune infiltration remain largely unknown. Methods This exploratory study investigated a broad panel of immune/senescence markers in peripheral blood and in the tumor microenvironment of young, middle-aged and old patients diagnosed with early invasive luminal (hormone-sensitive, HER2-negative) breast cancer. In the old group, G8-scores were computed as a correlate for clinical frailty. Results Significant age-related changes in plasma levels of several inflammatory mediators (IL-1α, IP-10, IL-8, MCP-1, CRP), immune checkpoint markers (Gal-9, sCD25, TIM-3, PD-L1), IGF-1 and circulating miRs (miR-18a, miR-19b, miR-20, miR-155, miR-195 and miR-326) were observed. Shifts were observed in distinct peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations, particularly naive CD8+ T-cells. At the tumor level, aging was associated with lower total lymphocytic infiltration, together with decreased abundance of several immune cell markers, especially CD8. The relative fractions of cell subsets in the immune infiltrate were also altered. Clinical frailty was associated with higher frequencies of exhausted/senescent (CD27-CD28- and/or CD57+) terminally differentiated CD8+ cells in the blood and with increased tumor infiltration by FOXP3+ cells. Conclusion Aging and frailty are associated with profound changes of the blood and tumor immune profile in luminal breast cancer, pointing to a different interplay between tumor cells, immune cells and inflammatory mediators at higher age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieze Berben
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology Department of Oncology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Pathology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium.,Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research Department of Imaging and Pathology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Cindy Kenis
- Department of General Medical Oncology and Geriatric Medicine University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Bruna Dalmasso
- Genetis of Rare Cancers Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI) University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa Italy
| | - Ann Smeets
- Department of Surgical Oncology KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Hanne Vos
- Department of Surgical Oncology KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Patrick Neven
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Asier Antoranz Martinez
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research Department of Imaging and Pathology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Annouschka Laenen
- Interuniversity Centre for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Leuven Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology Department of Oncology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium.,Department of General Medical Oncology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology Department of Oncology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
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18
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Regulation of microRNAs in Satellite Cell Renewal, Muscle Function, Sarcopenia and the Role of Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186732. [PMID: 32937893 PMCID: PMC7555198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia refers to a condition of progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function associated with a higher risk of falls and fractures in older adults. Musculoskeletal aging leads to reduced muscle mass and strength, affecting the quality of life in elderly people. In recent years, several studies contributed to improve the knowledge of the pathophysiological alterations that lead to skeletal muscle dysfunction; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying sarcopenia are still not fully understood. Muscle development and homeostasis require a fine gene expression modulation by mechanisms in which microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role. miRNAs modulate key steps of skeletal myogenesis including satellite cells renewal, skeletal muscle plasticity, and regeneration. Here, we provide an overview of the general aspects of muscle regeneration and miRNAs role in skeletal mass homeostasis and plasticity with a special interest in their expression in sarcopenia and skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise in the elderly.
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19
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Yanai K, Kaneko S, Ishii H, Aomatsu A, Ito K, Hirai K, Ookawara S, Ishibashi K, Morishita Y. MicroRNAs in Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:180. [PMID: 32549041 PMCID: PMC7270169 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, which is characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle, has been reported to contribute to development of physical disabilities, various illnesses, and increasing mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that inhibit translation of target messenger RNAs. Previous studies have shown that miRNAs play pivotal roles in the development of sarcopenia. Therefore, this systematic review focuses on miRNAs that regulate sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Yanai
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shohei Kaneko
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishii
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akinori Aomatsu
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Division of Intensive Care Unit, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Ito
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirai
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Susumu Ookawara
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishibashi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Morishita
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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20
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Ludwig N, Fehlmann T, Kern F, Gogol M, Maetzler W, Deutscher S, Gurlit S, Schulte C, von Thaler AK, Deuschle C, Metzger F, Berg D, Suenkel U, Keller V, Backes C, Lenhof HP, Meese E, Keller A. Machine Learning to Detect Alzheimer's Disease from Circulating Non-coding RNAs. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2019; 17:430-440. [PMID: 31809862 PMCID: PMC6943763 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood-borne small non-coding (sncRNAs) are among the prominent candidates for blood-based diagnostic tests. Often, high-throughput approaches are applied to discover biomarker signatures. These have to be validated in larger cohorts and evaluated by adequate statistical learning approaches. Previously, we published high-throughput sequencing based microRNA (miRNA) signatures in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients in the United States (US) and Germany. Here, we determined abundance levels of 21 known circulating miRNAs in 465 individuals encompassing AD patients and controls by RT-qPCR. We computed models to assess the relation between miRNA expression and phenotypes, gender, age, or disease severity (Mini-Mental State Examination; MMSE). Of the 21 miRNAs, expression levels of 20 miRNAs were consistently de-regulated in the US and German cohorts. 18 miRNAs were significantly correlated with neurodegeneration (Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted P < 0.05) with highest significance for miR-532-5p (Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted P = 4.8 × 10−30). Machine learning models reached an area under the curve (AUC) value of 87.6% in differentiating AD patients from controls. Further, ten miRNAs were significantly correlated with MMSE, in particular miR-26a/26b-5p (adjusted P = 0.0002). Interestingly, the miRNAs with lower abundance in AD were enriched in monocytes and T-helper cells, while those up-regulated in AD were enriched in serum, exosomes, cytotoxic t-cells, and B-cells. Our study represents the next important step in translational research for a miRNA-based AD test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ludwig
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Tobias Fehlmann
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Fabian Kern
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Manfred Gogol
- Institut für Gerontologie, Universität Heidelberg, 69047 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegeneration, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Deutscher
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Simone Gurlit
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, St. Franziskus Hospital Muenster, 48145 Muenster, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegeneration, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina von Thaler
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegeneration, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Deuschle
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegeneration, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian Metzger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72016 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegeneration, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Suenkel
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegeneration, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Verena Keller
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christina Backes
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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21
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Hare JM, Beerman I. Regenerative Medicine and the Biology of Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:1339-1340. [PMID: 31125054 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Florida
| | - Isabel Beerman
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland
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22
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Saedi AA, Feehan J, Phu S, Duque G. Current and emerging biomarkers of frailty in the elderly. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:389-398. [PMID: 30863033 PMCID: PMC6388773 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s168687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The term “frailty” is used to describe a subset of older adults who appear weaker and more vulnerable than their age-matched counterparts, despite having similar comorbidities, demography, sex, and age. The diagnosis of frailty is usually clinical and based on specific criteria, which are sometimes inconsistent. Therefore, there is an increasing need to identify and validate robust biomarkers for this condition. In this review, we summarize current evidence on the validity and practicality of the most commonly used biomarkers for frailty, while also comparing them with new upcoming strategies to identify this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Saedi
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, .,Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
| | - Jack Feehan
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, .,Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
| | - Steven Phu
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, .,Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, .,Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
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Roh DS, Panayi AC, Bhasin S, Orgill DP, Sinha I. Implications of Aging in Plastic Surgery. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2019; 7:e2085. [PMID: 30859042 PMCID: PMC6382222 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Given the rapidly aging population, investigating the effect of age on plastic surgery outcomes is imperative. Despite this, the topic has received relatively little attention. Furthermore, there appears to be little integration between the basic scientists investigating the mechanisms of aging and the plastic surgeons providing the majority of "antiaging" therapies. This review first provides a description of the effects and mechanisms of aging in 5 types of tissue: skin, adipose tissue, muscles, bones and tendons, and nervous tissue followed by an overview of the basic mechanisms underlying aging, presenting the currently proposed cellular and molecular theories. Finally, the impact of aging, as well as frailty, on plastic surgery outcomes is explored by focusing on 5 different topics: general wound healing and repair of cutaneous tissue, reconstruction of soft tissue, healing of bones and tendons, healing of peripheral nerves, and microsurgical reconstruction. We find mixed reports on the effect of aging or frailty on outcomes in plastic surgery, which we hypothesize to be due to exclusion of aged and frail patients from surgery as well as due to outcomes that reported no postsurgical issues with aged patients. As plastic surgeons continue to interact more with the growing elderly population, a better appreciation of the underlying mechanisms and outcomes related to aging and a clear distinction between chronological age and frailty can promote better selection of patients, offering appropriate patients surgery to improve an aged appearance, and declining interventions in inappropriate patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny S Roh
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Adriana C Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Division of Endocrinology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Dennis P Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
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Schulman IH, Balkan W, Hare JM. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Aging Frailty. Front Nutr 2018; 5:108. [PMID: 30498696 PMCID: PMC6249304 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases and degenerative conditions are strongly linked with the geriatric syndrome of frailty and account for a disproportionate percentage of the health care budget. Frailty increases the risk of falls, hospitalization, institutionalization, disability, and death. By definition, frailty syndrome is characterized by declines in lean body mass, strength, endurance, balance, gait speed, activity and energy levels, and organ physiologic reserve. Collectively, these changes lead to the loss of homeostasis and capability to withstand stressors and resulting vulnerabilities. There is a strong link between frailty, inflammation, and the impaired ability to repair tissue injury due to decreases in endogenous stem cell production. Although exercise and nutritional supplementation provide benefit to frail patients, there are currently no specific therapies for frailty. Bone marrow-derived allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide therapeutic benefits in heart failure patients irrespective of age. MSCs contribute to cellular repair and tissue regeneration through their multilineage differentiation capacity, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects, homing and migratory capacity to injury sites, and stimulatory effect on endogenous tissue progenitors. The advantages of using MSCs as a therapeutic strategy include standardization of isolation and culture expansion techniques and safety in allogeneic transplantation. Based on this evidence, we performed a randomized, double-blinded, dose-finding study in elderly, frail individuals and showed that intravenously delivered allogeneic MSCs are safe and produce significant improvements in physical performance measures and inflammatory biomarkers. We thus propose that frailty can be treated and the link between frailty and chronic inflammation offers a potential therapeutic target, addressable by cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Hernandez Schulman
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Wayne Balkan
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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