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Iijima K. Etiologic factors for Barrett's esophagus: toward countermeasures in Asia. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39072626 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2024.2386367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past several decades, Europe and the United States have experienced a rapid increase in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Research and countermeasures against Barrett's esophagus, its precancerous lesion, are progressing. Because esophageal adenocarcinoma has an extremely poor prognosis when diagnosed in an advanced stage, recommendations for early cancer detection have been made based on the various proven etiological factors of Barrett's esophagus and the actual cancer risk of Barrett's esophagus. In recent years, there have been indications of an increase in esophageal adenocarcinoma in Japan, and a similar trend of cancer will occur shortly in other Asian countries. Consequently, Asian countries must implement similar countermeasures against Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma, referencing the knowledge gained thus far in Europe and the United States. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the latest findings on the etiologic factors of Barrett's esophagus and discusses the differences between Westerners and Asians. The current status of Barrett's esophagus in Japan and other Asian countries is also summarized. EXPERT OPINION The etiological factors and cancer incidence of Barrett's esophagus in Asia diverge somewhat from those observed in Europe and America. Therefore, it is imperative to implement measures that are tailored to the actual circumstances of Asian people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Bartsch S, Kohnert E, Kreutz C, Woelber JP, Anderson A, Burkhardt AS, Hellwig E, Buchalla W, Hiller KA, Ratka-Krueger P, Cieplik F, Al-Ahmad A. Chlorhexidine digluconate mouthwash alters the oral microbial composition and affects the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1429692. [PMID: 38983634 PMCID: PMC11231401 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1429692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a commonly used antiseptic in situations of limited oral hygiene ability such as after periodontal surgery. However, CHX is also considered as a possible factor in the emergence of cross-resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the oral microbiota and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) due to CHX treatment. Materials and methods We analyzed the oral metagenome of 20 patients who applied a 0.2% CHX mouthwash twice daily for 4 weeks following periodontal surgical procedures. Saliva and supragingival plaque samples were examined before, directly after 4 weeks, and another 4 weeks after discontinuing the CHX treatment. Results Alpha-diversity decreased significantly with CHX use. The Bray-Curtis dissimilarity increased in both sample sites and mainly streptococci showed a higher relative abundance after CHX treatment. Although no significant changes of ARGs could be detected, an increase in prevalence was found for genes that encode for tetracycline efflux pumps. Conclusion CHX treatment appears to promote a caries-associated bacterial community and the emergence of tetracycline resistance genes. Future research should focus on CHX-related changes in the microbial community and whether the discovered tetracycline resistance genes promote resistance to CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Bartsch
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Eva Kohnert
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Clemens Kreutz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Johan P. Woelber
- Policlinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annette Anderson
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ann-Sophie Burkhardt
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Ratka-Krueger
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Baek HJ, Kim KS, Kwoen M, Park ES, Lee HJ, Park KU. Saliva assay: a call for methodological standardization. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2024; 54:54.e13. [PMID: 39058348 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2304180209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity provides an ideal environment for microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, to flourish. Increasing attention has been focused on the connection between the oral microbiome and both oral and systemic diseases, spurring active research into the collection and analysis of specimens for healthcare purposes. Among the various methods for analyzing the oral microbiome, saliva analysis is especially prominent. Saliva samples, which can be collected non-invasively, provide information on the systemic health and oral microbiome composition of an individual. This review was performed to evaluate the current state of the relevant research through an examination of the literature and to suggest an appropriate assay method for investigating the oral microbiome. We analyzed articles published in English in SCI(E) journals after January 1, 2000, ultimately selecting 53 articles for review. Articles were identified through keyword searches in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases. Three experienced researchers conducted full-text assessments following title and abstract screening to select appropriate papers. Subsequently, they organized and analyzed the desired data. Our review revealed that most studies utilized unstimulated saliva samples for oral microbiome analysis. Of the 53 studies examined, 29 identified relationships between the oral microbiome and various diseases, such as oral disease, Behçet disease, cancer, and oral lichen planus. However, the studies employed diverse methods of collection and analysis, which compromised the reliability and accuracy of the findings. To address the limitations caused by methodological inconsistencies, a standardized saliva assay should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Jin Baek
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Keun-Suh Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - MinJeong Kwoen
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun-Sun Park
- Medical Library, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Un Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
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Solfisburg QS, Baldini F, Baldwin-Hunter B, Austin GI, Lee HH, Park H, Freedberg DE, Lightdale CJ, Korem T, Abrams JA. The Salivary Microbiome and Predicted Metabolite Production Are Associated with Barrett's Esophagus and High-Grade Dysplasia or Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:371-380. [PMID: 38117184 PMCID: PMC10955687 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is rising in incidence, and established risk factors do not explain this trend. Esophageal microbiome alterations have been associated with Barrett's esophagus (BE) and dysplasia and EAC. The oral microbiome is tightly linked to the esophageal microbiome; this study aimed to identify salivary microbiome-related factors associated with BE, dysplasia, and EAC. METHODS Clinical data and oral health history were collected from patients with and without BE. The salivary microbiome was characterized, assessing differential relative abundance of taxa by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and associations between microbiome composition and clinical features. Microbiome metabolic modeling was used to predict metabolite production. RESULTS A total of 244 patients (125 non-BE and 119 BE) were analyzed. Patients with high-grade dysplasia (HGD)/EAC had a significantly higher prevalence of tooth loss (P = 0.001). There were significant shifts with increased dysbiosis associated with HGD/EAC, independent of tooth loss, with the largest shifts within the genus Streptococcus. Modeling predicted significant shifts in the microbiome metabolic capacities, including increases in L-lactic acid and decreases in butyric acid and L-tryptophan production in HGD/EAC. CONCLUSIONS Marked dysbiosis in the salivary microbiome is associated with HGD and EAC, with notable increases within the genus Streptococcus and accompanying changes in predicted metabolite production. Further work is warranted to identify the biological significance of these alterations and to validate metabolic shifts. IMPACT There is an association between oral dysbiosis and HGD/EAC. Further work is needed to establish the diagnostic, predictive, and causal potential of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn S Solfisburg
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Federico Baldini
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - George I Austin
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harry H Lee
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heekuk Park
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Microbiome and Pathogen Genomics Collaborative Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel E Freedberg
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Digestive and Liver Disease Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles J Lightdale
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tal Korem
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julian A Abrams
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Digestive and Liver Disease Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
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Okolo O, Honzel E, Britton WR, Yu VX, Flashner S, Martin C, Nakagawa H, Parikh AS. Experimental Modeling of Host-Bacterial Interactions in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5810. [PMID: 38136355 PMCID: PMC10742111 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The microscopic species colonizing the human body, collectively referred to as the microbiome, play a crucial role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, immunity, and the development of disease. There is evidence to suggest associations between alterations in the microbiome and the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). The use of two-dimensional (2D) modeling systems has made significant strides in uncovering the role of microbes in carcinogenesis; however, direct mechanistic links remain in their infancy. Patient-derived three-dimensional (3D) HNSCC organoid and organotypic models have recently been described. Compared to 2D models, 3D organoid culture systems effectively capture the genetic and epigenetic features of parent tissue in a patient-specific manner and may offer a more nuanced understanding of the role of host-microbe responses in carcinogenesis. This review provides a topical literature review assessing the current state of the field investigating the role of the microbiome in HNSCC; including in vivo and in vitro modeling methods that may be used to characterize microbiome-epithelial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogoegbunam Okolo
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; (O.O.); (W.R.B.); (V.X.Y.); (S.F.); (C.M.); (H.N.)
- Columbia Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Emily Honzel
- Columbia Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - William R. Britton
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; (O.O.); (W.R.B.); (V.X.Y.); (S.F.); (C.M.); (H.N.)
- Columbia Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Victoria X. Yu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; (O.O.); (W.R.B.); (V.X.Y.); (S.F.); (C.M.); (H.N.)
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Samuel Flashner
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; (O.O.); (W.R.B.); (V.X.Y.); (S.F.); (C.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Cecilia Martin
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; (O.O.); (W.R.B.); (V.X.Y.); (S.F.); (C.M.); (H.N.)
- Organoid and Cell Culture Core, Columbia University Digestive and Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; (O.O.); (W.R.B.); (V.X.Y.); (S.F.); (C.M.); (H.N.)
- Organoid and Cell Culture Core, Columbia University Digestive and Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Anuraag S. Parikh
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; (O.O.); (W.R.B.); (V.X.Y.); (S.F.); (C.M.); (H.N.)
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Solfisburg QS, Baldini F, Baldwin-Hunter BL, Lee HH, Park H, Freedberg DE, Lightdale CJ, Korem T, Abrams JA. The Salivary Microbiome and Predicted Metabolite Production are Associated with Progression from Barrett's Esophagus to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.27.546733. [PMID: 37425673 PMCID: PMC10327009 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is rising in incidence and associated with poor survival, and established risk factors do not explain this trend. Microbiome alterations have been associated with progression from the precursor Barrett's esophagus (BE) to EAC, yet the oral microbiome, tightly linked to the esophageal microbiome and easier to sample, has not been extensively studied in this context. We aimed to assess the relationship between the salivary microbiome and neoplastic progression in BE to identify microbiome-related factors that may drive EAC development. We collected clinical data and oral health and hygiene history and characterized the salivary microbiome from 250 patients with and without BE, including 78 with advanced neoplasia (high grade dysplasia or early adenocarcinoma). We assessed differential relative abundance of taxa by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and associations between microbiome composition and clinical features and used microbiome metabolic modeling to predict metabolite production. We found significant shifts and increased dysbiosis associated with progression to advanced neoplasia, with these associations occurring independent of tooth loss, and the largest shifts were with the genus Streptococcus. Microbiome metabolic models predicted significant shifts in the metabolic capacities of the salivary microbiome in patients with advanced neoplasia, including increases in L-lactic acid and decreases in butyric acid and L-tryptophan production. Our results suggest both a mechanistic and predictive role for the oral microbiome in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Further work is warranted to identify the biological significance of these alterations, to validate metabolic shifts, and to determine whether they represent viable therapeutic targets for prevention of progression in BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn S Solfisburg
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Federico Baldini
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Harry H Lee
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heekuk Park
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Microbiome and Pathogen Genomics Collaborative Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel E Freedberg
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Digestive and Liver Disease Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles J Lightdale
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tal Korem
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julian A Abrams
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Digestive and Liver Disease Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
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do Amaral GCLS, Hassan MA, Sloniak MC, Pannuti CM, Romito GA, Villar CC. Effects of antimicrobial mouthwashes on the human oral microbiome: Systematic review of controlled clinical trials. Int J Dent Hyg 2023; 21:128-140. [PMID: 35946140 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review aimed to assess the impact of mouthwashes on the composition of the human oral microbiome. METHOD An electronic search algorithm was adapted to MEDLINE-PubMed, Scopus, Embase and ISI Web of Science, and reference lists of relevant sources were manually searched. Inclusion criteria were controlled clinical trials published in English whose population were adult individuals who rinse with antimicrobial mouthwashes and that analysed changes in the oral microbiome by metataxonomy, metagenomics or phylogenetic microarray. Identified studies were screened and assessed following the PRISMA guidelines, and results were compiled into qualitative synthesis of the evidence. RESULTS Five controlled clinical studies were included. These studies found associations between the daily use of mouthwashes and changes in the oral microbiome, but the nature of the effect varied according to the mouthwash. Chlorhexidine (CHX) rinses lowered microbial diversity. While 7-day use of CHX led to increases in the abundance of Neisseria, Streptococcus and Granulicatella and a decrease in the abundance of Actinomyces, its prolonged use led to widespread reductions in several genera and species. Cetylpyridinium chloride-containing mouthwashes specifically lowered the abundance of gingivitis-associated genera. In contrast, N-acetyl cysteine-based mouthwashes did not promote changes in the oral microbiome. CONCLUSIONS Despite substantial heterogeneity, we found evidence to support the hypothesis that CHX and CPC mouthwashes promote changes in oral microbial structure and/or reductions in community diversity that favour the resolution of dysbiosis. However, future large population-based studies of adequate duration are needed to fully understand the extent to which antimicrobial mouthwashes modulate the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudio Mendes Pannuti
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe A Romito
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Cunha Villar
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Nocini R, Muzio LL, Gibellini D, Malerba G, Milella M, Chirumbolo S, Zerman N. Oral microbiota in oropharyngeal cancers: Friend or foe? Front Oncol 2022; 12:948068. [PMID: 36176398 PMCID: PMC9513351 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.948068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral microbiome is a complex population of micro-organisms, which by cross-talking with the local immune system, plays a major role in the immune homeostasis of the oral cavity, further contributing in the physiology of the gastro-intestinal microbiota. Understanding their involvement in the onset and pathogenesis of oropharyngeal cancers is paramount, despite very few reports deal with the fundamental role exerted by oral microbiota disorders, such as dysbiosis and impairment in the oral microbiome composition as causative factors in the development of oropharyngeal tumors. Current research, via metabolomic or meta-transcriptomic analyses, is wondering how this complex microbial population regulates the immune homeostasis in oral and pharyngeal mucosa and whether changes in bacterial composition may give insights on the role of oral microbiome in the development of oropharyngeal tumors, so to prevent their occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Nocini
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zerman
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- *Correspondence: Nicoletta Zerman,
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Farooq RK, Alamoudi W, Alhibshi A, Rehman S, Sharma AR, Abdulla FA. Varied Composition and Underlying Mechanisms of Gut Microbiome in Neuroinflammation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040705. [PMID: 35456757 PMCID: PMC9032006 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome has been implicated in a host of bodily functions and their regulation, including brain development and cognition. Neuroinflammation is a relatively newer piece of the puzzle and is implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders. The microbiome of the gut may alter the inflammatory signaling inside the brain through the secretion of short-chain fatty acids, controlling the availability of amino acid tryptophan and altering vagal activation. Studies in Korea and elsewhere highlight a strong link between microbiome dynamics and neurocognitive states, including personality. For these reasons, re-establishing microbial flora of the gut looks critical for keeping neuroinflammation from putting the whole system aflame through probiotics and allotransplantation of the fecal microbiome. However, the numerosity of the microbiome remains a challenge. For this purpose, it is suggested that wherever possible, a fecal microbial auto-transplant may prove more effective. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the role of the microbiome in neuroinflammation and the various mechanism involved in this process. As an example, we have also discussed the autism spectrum disorder and the implication of neuroinflammation and microbiome in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (R.K.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Widyan Alamoudi
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Amani Alhibshi
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Suriya Rehman
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (R.K.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Fuad A. Abdulla
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.A.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2435, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Dan W, Peng L, Yan B, Li Z, Pan F. Human Microbiota in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Implications. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:791274. [PMID: 35126331 PMCID: PMC8815000 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.791274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the main subtypes of esophageal cancer. The incidence rate of EAC increased progressively while the 5-year relative survival rates were poor in the past two decades. The mechanism of EAC has been studied extensively in relation to genetic factors, but less so with respect to human microbiota. Currently, researches about the relationship between EAC and the human microbiota is a newly emerging field of study. Herein, we present the current state of knowledge linking human microbiota to esophageal adenocarcinoma and its precursor lesion—gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett’s esophagus. There are specific human bacterial alternations in the process of esophageal carcinogenesis. And bacterial dysbiosis plays an important role in the process of esophageal carcinogenesis via inflammation, microbial metabolism and genotoxicity. Based on the human microbiota alternation in the EAC cascade, it provides potential microbiome-based clinical application. This review is focused on novel targets in prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy for esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Dan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihua Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengpeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Pan,
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Flashner S, Yan KS, Nakagawa H. 3D Organoids: An Untapped Platform for Studying Host-Microbiome Interactions in Esophageal Cancers. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2182. [PMID: 34835308 PMCID: PMC8622040 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is an emerging key co-factor in the development of esophageal cancer, the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. However, there is a paucity of data delineating how the microbiome contributes to the pathobiology of the two histological subtypes of esophageal cancer: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma. This critical knowledge gap is partially due to inadequate modeling of host-microbiome interactions in the etiology of esophageal cancers. Recent advances have enabled progress in this field. Three dimensional (3D) organoids faithfully recapitulate the structure and function of the normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic epithelia of the esophagus ex vivo and serve as a platform translatable for applications in precision medicine. Elsewhere in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the co-culture of 3D organoids with the bacterial microbiome has fostered insight into the pathogenic role of the microbiome in other GI cancers. Herein, we will summarize our current understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and esophageal cancer, discuss 3D organoid models of esophageal homeostasis, review analogous models of host-microbiome interactions in other GI cancers, and advocate for the application of these models to esophageal cancers. Together, we present a promising, novel approach with the potential to ameliorate the burden of esophageal cancer-related morbidity and mortality via improved prevention and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Flashner
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.F.); (K.S.Y.)
| | - Kelley S. Yan
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.F.); (K.S.Y.)
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.F.); (K.S.Y.)
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Guccione C, Yadlapati R, Shah S, Knight R, Curtius K. Challenges in Determining the Role of Microbiome Evolution in Barrett's Esophagus and Progression to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2003. [PMID: 34683324 PMCID: PMC8541168 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) claims the lives of half of patients within the first year of diagnosis, and its incidence has rapidly increased since the 1970s despite extensive research into etiological factors. The changes in the microbiome within the distal esophagus in modern populations may help explain the growth in cases that other common EAC risk factors together cannot fully explain. The precursor to EAC is Barrett's esophagus (BE), a metaplasia adapted to a reflux-mediated microenvironment that can be challenging to diagnose in patients who do not undergo endoscopic screening. Non-invasive procedures to detect microbial communities in saliva, oral swabs and brushings from the distal esophagus allow us to characterize taxonomic differences in bacterial population abundances within patients with BE versus controls, and may provide an alternative means of BE detection. Unique microbial communities have been identified across healthy esophagus, BE, and various stages of progression to EAC, but studies determining dynamic changes in these communities, including migration from proximal stomach and oral cavity niches, and their potential causal role in cancer formation are lacking. Helicobacter pylori is negatively associated with EAC, and the absence of this species has been implicated in the evolution of chromosomal instability, a main driver of EAC, but joint analyses of microbiome and host genomes are needed. Acknowledging technical challenges, future studies on the prediction of microbial dynamics and evolution within BE and the progression to EAC will require larger esophageal microbiome datasets, improved bioinformatics pipelines, and specialized mathematical models for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Guccione
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rena Yadlapati
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (R.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Shailja Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (R.Y.); (S.S.)
- Veterans Affairs, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kit Curtius
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
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Kim J, Lee M, Baldwin-Hunter B, Solfisburg QS, Lightdale CJ, Korem T, Hur C, Abrams JA. Minimal Associations between Short-Term Dietary Intake and Salivary Microbiome Composition. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081739. [PMID: 34442819 PMCID: PMC8401849 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence points to the esophageal microbiome as an important co-factor in esophageal neoplasia. Esophageal microbiome composition is strongly influenced by the oral microbiome. Salivary microbiome assessment has emerged as a potential non-invasive tool to identify patients at risk for esophageal cancer, but key host and environmental factors that may affect the salivary microbiome have not been well-defined. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of short-term dietary intake on salivary microbiome composition. Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 69 subjects prior to upper endoscopy who completed the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour (ASA24) Dietary Assessment. Salivary microbiome composition was determined using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results: There was no significant correlation between alpha diversity and primary measures of short-term dietary intake (total daily calories, fat, fiber, fruit/vegetables, red meat intake, and fasting time). There was no evidence of clustering on beta diversity analyses. Very few taxonomic alterations were found for short-term dietary intake; an increased relative abundance of Neisseria oralis and Lautropia sp. was associated with high fruit and vegetable intake, and an increased relative abundance of a taxon in the family Gemellaceae was associated with increased red meat intake. Conclusions: Short-term dietary intake was associated with only minimal salivary microbiome alterations and does not appear to have a major impact on the potential use of the salivary microbiome as a biomarker for esophageal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Kim
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.K.); (B.B.-H.); (C.J.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Minyi Lee
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Brittany Baldwin-Hunter
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.K.); (B.B.-H.); (C.J.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Quinn S. Solfisburg
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Charles J. Lightdale
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.K.); (B.B.-H.); (C.J.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Tal Korem
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Chin Hur
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.K.); (B.B.-H.); (C.J.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Julian A. Abrams
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.K.); (B.B.-H.); (C.J.L.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence:
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