1
|
Zhou X, Wang X, Li J, Zhang M, Yang Y, Lei S, He Y, Yang H, Zhou D, Guo C. Integrated Network Pharmacology and in vivo Experimental Validation Approach to Explore the Potential Antioxidant Effects of Annao Pingchong Decoction in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:699-717. [PMID: 38465266 PMCID: PMC10922012 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s439873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Annao Pingchong decoction (ANPCD) is a traditional Chinese decoction which has definite effects on treating intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) validated through clinical and experimental studies. However, the impact of ANPCD on oxidative stress (OS) after ICH remains unclear and is worth further investigating. Aim To investigate whether the therapeutic effects of ANPCD on ICH are related to alleviating OS damage and seek potential targets for its antioxidant effects. Materials and Methods The therapeutic candidate genes of ANPCD on ICH were identified through a comparison of the target genes of ANPCD, target genes of ICH and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and functional enrichment analysis were combined with targets-related literature to select suitable antioxidant targets. The affinity between ANPCD and the selected target was verified using macromolecular docking. Subsequently, the effects of ANPCD on OS and the selected target were further investigated through in vivo experiments. Results Forty-eight candidate genes were screened, in which silent information regulator sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is one of the core genes that has antioxidant effects and ICH significantly affected its expression. The good affinity between 6 compounds of ANPCD and SIRT1 was also demonstrated by macromolecular docking. The results of in vivo experiments demonstrated that ANPCD significantly decreased modified neurological severity scoring (mNSS) scores and serum MDA and 8-OHdG content in ICH rats, while significantly increasing serum SOD and CAT activity, complicated with the up-regulation of ANPCD on SIRT1, FOXO1, PGC-1α and Nrf2. Furthermore, ANPCD significantly decreased the apoptosis rate and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (P53, cytochrome c and caspase-3). Conclusion ANPCD alleviates OS damage and apoptosis after ICH in rats. As a potential therapeutic target, SIRT1 can be effectively regulated by ANPCD, as are its downstream proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuqing Zhou
- Experiment Center of Medical Innovation, the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Experiment Center of Medical Innovation, the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Experiment Center of Medical Innovation, the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihui Lei
- Experiment Center of Medical Innovation, the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying He
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People’s Republic of China
| | - Desheng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Guo
- Experiment Center of Medical Innovation, the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qin T, Hasnat M, Wang Z, Hassan HM, Zhou Y, Yuan Z, Zhang W. Geniposide alleviated bile acid-associated NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating SIRT1/FXR signaling in bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 118:154971. [PMID: 37494875 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geniposide (GE), the active compound derived from Gardeniae Fructus, possesses valuable bioactivity for liver diseases, but GE effects on bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced cholestasis remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the influence of GE on BDL-induced liver fibrosis and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS GE (25 or 50 mg/kg) were intragastrical administered to C57BL/6 J mice for two weeks to characterize the hepatoprotective effect of GE on BDL-induced liver fibrosis. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was detected in vivo, and BMDMs were isolated to explore whether GE directly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Serum bile acid (BA) profiles were assessed utilizing UPLC-MS/MS, and the involvement of SIRT1/FXR pathways was identified to elucidate the role of SIRT1/FXR in the hepaprotective effect of GE. The veritable impact of SIRT1/FXR signaling was further confirmed by administering the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 (10 mg/kg) to BDL mice treated with GE. RESULTS GE treatment protected mice from BDL-induced liver fibrosis, with NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. However, development in vitro experiments revealed that GE could not directly inhibit NLRP3 activation under ATP, monosodium urate, and nigericin stimulation. Further mechanistic data showed that GE activated SIRT1, which subsequently deacetylated FXR and restored CDCA, TUDCA, and TCDCA levels, thereby contributing to the observed hepaprotective effect of GE. Notably, EX527 treatment diminished the hepaprotective effect of GE on BDL-induced liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION This study first proved the hepaprotective effect of GE on liver fibrosis in BDL mice, which was closely associated with the restoration of BA homeostasis and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. The activation of SIRT1 and the subsequent FXR deacetylation restored the BA profiles, especially CDCA, TUDCA, and TCDCA contents, which was the main contributor to NLRP3 inhibition and the hepaprotective effect of GE. Overall, our work provides novel insights that GE as well as Gardeniae Fructus might be the potential attractive candidate for ameliorating BDL-induced liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Muhammad Hasnat
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Hozeifa Mohamed Hassan
- Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Ziqiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo C, Zhou X, Wang X, Wang H, Liu J, Wang J, Lin X, Lei S, Yang Y, Liu K, Long H, Zhou D. Annao Pingchong decoction alleviate the neurological impairment by attenuating neuroinflammation and apoptosis in intracerebral hemorrhage rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116298. [PMID: 36870460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a central nervous system disease that causes severe disability or death. Even though Annao Pingchong decoction (ANPCD), a traditional Chinese decoction, has been used clinically to treat ICH in China, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To study whether the neuroprotective effect of ANPCD on ICH rats is achieved by alleviating neuroinflammation. This paper mainly explored whether inflammation-related signaling pathways (HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB P65) plays a role in ANPCD treatment of ICH rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the chemical composition of ANPCD. ICH models were established by injecting autologous whole blood into the left caudate nucleus of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Modified neurological severity scoring (mNSS) was used to assess the neurological deficits. The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pathological changes in the rat brains were observed using hematoxylin-eosin, Nissl, and TUNEL staining. The protein levels of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB p65, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were measured by western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS Ninety-three ANPCD compounds were identified, including 48 active plasma components. Treatment with ANPCD effectively improved the outcome, as observed by the neurological function scores analysis and brain histopathology. Our results showed that ANPCD exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by significantly downregulating the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. ANPCD also exerted anti-apoptotic effects by significantly decreasing the apoptosis rate and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. CONCLUSION We found that ANPCD had neuroprotective effect in clinical work. Here, we also found that the action mechanism of ANPCD might be related to attenuate neuroinflammation and apoptosis. These effects were achieved by inhibiting the expression of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB p65.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Guo
- Experiment Center of Medical Innovation, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
| | - Xuqing Zhou
- Experiment Center of Medical Innovation, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Experiment Center of Medical Innovation, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Haojie Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Experiment Center of Medical Innovation, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jinxi Wang
- Experiment Center of Medical Innovation, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Lin
- Experiment Center of Medical Innovation, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shihui Lei
- Experiment Center of Medical Innovation, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Experiment Center of Medical Innovation, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Experiment Center of Medical Innovation, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hongping Long
- Experiment Center of Medical Innovation, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Desheng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao S, Feng Q. The Beneficial Effects of Geniposide on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: A Review. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3365-3383. [PMID: 36213380 PMCID: PMC9532263 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s378976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Geniposide is a naturally sourced active ingredient that has diverse pharmacological effects and great potential in improving or treating different kinds of diseases. In recent years, more and more studies have confirmed that geniposide can improve glucose and lipid metabolism disorder, which is an increasingly prevalent health problem causing various metabolic diseases globally. Our review aims to summarize basic information on the pharmacological effects of geniposide on glucolipid metabolism. Geniposide increases glucose utilization and insulin production, protects pancreatic islet β cells, inhibits insulin resistance and hepatic glucose production, and suppresses gluconeogenesis. While in the aspect of lipid metabolism, geniposide can promote lipolysis, inhibit lipogenesis, and regulate lipid transport. Geniposide ameliorates lipid and glucose metabolic disorders, improving the entire glycolipid metabolism network in a three-dimensional manner at the level of molecular mechanism. Growing evidence revealed that geniposide may serve as an effective drug to combat metabolic diseases for the time to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siting Gao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hepatopathy Building, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Feng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hepatopathy Building, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu Y, Chen X, Hu M, Zhang D, Yuan S, Li P, Feng L. Medicinal and edible plants in the treatment of dyslipidemia: advances and prospects. Chin Med 2022; 17:113. [PMID: 36175900 PMCID: PMC9522446 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which lead to the high mortality, disability, and medical expenses in the worldwide. Based on the previous researches, the improvement of dyslipidemia could efficiently prevent the occurrence and progress of cardiovascular diseases. Medicinal and edible plants (MEPs) are the characteristics of Chinese medicine, and could be employed for the disease treatment and health care mostly due to their homology of medicine and food. Compared to the lipid-lowering drugs with many adverse effects, such as rhabdomyolysis and impaired liver function, MEPs exhibit the great potential in the treatment of dyslipidemia with high efficiency, good tolerance and commercial value. In this review, we would like to introduce 20 kinds of MEPs with lipid-lowering effect in the following aspects, including the source, function, active component, target and underlying mechanism, which may provide inspiration for the development of new prescription, functional food and complementary therapy for dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China.,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xingjuan Chen
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Mu Hu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China.,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ling Feng
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China. .,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhuang GD, Gu WT, Xu SH, Cao DM, Deng SM, Chen YS, Wang SM, Tang D. Rapid screening of antioxidant from natural products by AAPH-Incubating HPLC-DAD-HR MS/MS method: A case study of Gardenia jasminoides fruit. Food Chem 2022; 401:134091. [PMID: 36116299 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new AAPH-Incubating HPLC-DAD-HR MS/MS method was developed for the rapid and high-throughput screening of antioxidants directly in natural products and applied to Gardenia jasminoides fruit. This method was assumed that the peak areas of compounds with potential antioxidant activity in HPLC chromatograms would be significantly reduced or disappeared after incubating with the AAPH which can release ROO at physiological conditions (37 °C, pH 7.4). Additionally, the activity of antioxidants can be evaluated by comparing the peak reduction rates and the screened components can be further identified by HRMS/MS. Then, 17 potential natural antioxidants from the crude extract of GJF was screened. Among them, three major components including crocin I, crocin II and crocetin showed excellent ROO scavenging activity, which were further validated by the ORAC assay. In conclusion, our study provided a simple and effective strategy to rapidly screen antioxidants in natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Ting Gu
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shu-Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong-Min Cao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Si-Min Deng
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee JA, Lee SH, Shin MR, Park HJ, Roh SS. Gardeniae Fructus Extract Alleviates Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Mice. J Med Food 2022; 25:882-891. [PMID: 36084316 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy (MA) is a case in which protein degeneration occurs excessively due to an imbalance between protein synthesis and breakdown, and is characterized by decreased muscle mass and weakened muscle strength. Despite mounting concern about MA, the number of patients with MA is increasing every year. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of Gardeniae Fructus (GF) hot water extract on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced MA in mice. C57BL/6N mice were grouped (n = 8) as follows: Normal mice (Normal), MA mice were treated with distilled water (Control), MA mice were treated with GF 100 mg/kg (GF100), MA mice were treated with GF 200 mg/kg (GF200). For 10 days, DEX (25 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) injection was used to induce MA, and GF was administered. GF treatment restored the muscle weight decreased due to MA, and in particular, the weights of EDL+TA and Sol were significantly increased in the GF200 group. Also, it was confirmed that the swimming time was improved in the GF200 group. In addition, the expression of NADPH oxidase related to oxidative stress was significantly reduced, and protective (insulin-like growth factor I/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway) and catabolic (AMP-activated kinase [AMPK]/sirtuin 1 [SIRT1]/proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)-forkhead box O (FOXO) pathway) pathways were significantly modulated. These results demonstrate that GF regulates muscle protein synthesis and catabolic pathways, and in particular, it is judged to improve MA by regulating the proteolytic AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α-FOXO pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin A Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Se Hui Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi-Rae Shin
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Park
- DHU Bio Convergence Testing Center, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tian J, Qin S, Han J, Meng J, Liang A. A review of the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Fructus Gardeniae (Zhi-zi). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:114984. [PMID: 35066066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.114984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Gardeniae (FG) is the dried fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (GjE), which belongs to the family Rubiaceae. FG has a long history of use as a herb, and was originally recorded in Sheng Nong's herbal classic. FG has also been widely used as both medicine and food. AIM OF STUDY This review aimed to provide a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the current research progress of FG in terms of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity, to provide new insights and extensive field of view for subsequent studies. METHODS Scientific databases, including CNKI, VIP (Chinese literature), PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier and Google Scholar (English literatures) were searched to gather data about FG and its main active ingredients such as geniposide and genipin (only regarding toxicity). RESULTS Many chemical constituents have been identified from the fruit of GjE, including iridoids, terpenoids, flavonoids, organic acids, volatile oils and others. The constituents of different parts of FG and processed FG are different from those of whole FG. FG extract and its main active constituents have been reported to have pharmacological properties such as hepatoprotective, choleretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-apoptotic and antitumor activities. However, an increasing number of studies have shown that FG induces multiple organ injury, especially causing hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, which could increase the risk during clinical use. The available literature shows that geniposide, a major active component of FG and a critical marker for its quality, is associated with the pharmacology and toxicity of FG. CONCLUSION Although a large number of studies examining FG have been published, issues remain. In the aspect of FG's pharmacology, the traditional efficacy and modern pharmacological effects of FG should be combined, which to broadens clinical application prospects. In addition, few studies have assessed the toxicity of FG. Toxicity assessment of FG should tackle various aspects, including compatibility, processing and the symptom-based prescription theory, in addition to over-dosage or long-term use, for a reasonable clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhuo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, , No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shasha Qin
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, , No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jiayin Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, , No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, , No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, , No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing, 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Adachi N, Sakhri FZ, Ikemoto H, Ohashi Y, Kato M, Inoue T, Hisamitsu T, Sunagawa M. Kamikihito rescued depressive-like behaviors and hippocampus neurogenesis in chronic restraint stress rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 12:172-179. [PMID: 35528472 PMCID: PMC9072803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Substantial evidence suggests the effectiveness of plant-based medicine in stress-related diseases. Kamikihito (KKT), a Japanese traditional herbal medicine (Kampo), has been used for anemia, insomnia, and anxiety. Recent studies revealed its ameliorating effect on cognitive and memory dysfunction in several animal models. We, therefore, determined whether daily supplementation of KKT has an antidepressant-like effect on the stress-induced behavioral and neurological changes in rats. Experimental procedure The effect of KKT against the stress-induced changes in anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and hippocampal neurogenesis were determined using a rat model of chronic restraint stress (CRS). KKT was orally administered daily at 300 or 1000 mg/kg during 21 consecutive days of CRS (6 h/day). The effect of CRS and KKT on physiological parameters, including body weight gain, food/water consumptions, plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, and percentage of adrenal gland weight to body weight, were firstly measured. Anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in rats were assessed in the open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), and forced swimming test (FST). Hippocampal neurogenesis was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results and conclusion CRS for 21 days caused a significant decrease in body weight gain and increase in plasma CORT levels and percentage of adrenal gland weight to body weight, which were rescued by KKT treatment. KKT also suppressed the CRS-induced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis. These results suggest that daily treatment of KKT has a protective effect against physiological, neurological, and behavioral changes in a rat model of depression.
Collapse
Key Words
- Antidepressant-like effect
- BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- CORT, corticosterone
- CRS, chronic restraint stress
- Chronic restraint stress
- DCX, doublecortin
- DG, dentate gyrus
- DNA, methyltransferase
- FST, forced swimming test
- HPA, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal
- Hippocampal neurogenesis
- KKT, Kamikihito
- Kamikihito (加味帰脾湯)
- MAO, monoamine oxidase
- MDD, major depressive disorder
- Major depressive disorder
- NSPCs, neural progenitor/stem cells
- OFT, open field test
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SPT, sucrose preference test
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Adachi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Fatma Zahra Sakhri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Freres Mentouri Constantine-Algeria, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Hideshi Ikemoto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohashi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Mami Kato
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Inoue
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hisamitsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bryś M, Urbańska K, Olas B. Novel Findings regarding the Bioactivity of the Natural Blue Pigment Genipin in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:902. [PMID: 35055094 PMCID: PMC8776187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genipin is an important monoterpene iridoid compound isolated from Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis fruits and from Genipa americana fruits, or genipap. It is a precursor of a blue pigment which may be attractive alternative to existing food dyes and it possesses various potential therapeutic properties such as anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective activity. Biomedical studies also show that genipin may act as a neuroprotective drug. This review describes new aspects of the bioactivity of genipin against various diseases, as well as its toxicity and industrial applications, and presents its potential mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bryś
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Karina Urbańska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Y, Li P, Zhang X, Li L, Liu M, Li X, Dai Y, Zhang C, Li S. Mitochondrial-Respiration-Improving Effects of Three Different Gardeniae Fructus Preparations and Their Components. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:34229-34241. [PMID: 34963909 PMCID: PMC8697009 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The processing method for Chinese traditional herbal medicine is "Pao Zhi" in Chinese. This study examined the efficacy of the Pao Zhi on the preparations of Gardeniae Fructus (GF) on a mitochondrial respiratory function in rats. To determine the efficacy of Pao Zhi, we investigated the effects of GF heat processing on mitochondrial respiratory function. To test the GF components, the rats were randomly divided into a geniposide-alone group, crocin-alone group, and combination groups and treated with geniposide and crocin at different ratios. The results showed that a high dose, raw GF was more effective in improving the neurological function, mitochondrial respiratory function, and activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase than the preparations that underwent heating. Moreover, mitochondrial ROS production was the lowest in the raw GF-treated group. In addition, treatments with crocin and GC3 were more effective than geniposide in improving the functional deficit in MCAO rats. In conclusion, our results suggest that raw GF is the most suitable preparation for the treatment of cerebral ischemia, and its underlying mechanisms may be associated with the improvement of mitochondrial respiratory function, increased activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase, and reduced oxidative stress in mitochondria. Our findings suggest that raw GF, especially crocin, could be an ideal therapeutic agent for ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Institute
of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy
of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Puling Li
- Institute
of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy
of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- School
of Pharmacy, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Institute
of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy
of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Institute
of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy
of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- School
of Pharmacy, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Mengjiao Liu
- Institute
of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy
of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Institute
of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy
of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- School
of Pharmacy, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Yejia Dai
- Institute
of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy
of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- Institute
of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy
of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- School
of Pharmacy, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Shaojing Li
- Institute
of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy
of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
GC-MS Based Metabolomics Reveals the Synergistic Mechanism of Gardeniae Fructus-Forsythiae Fructus Herb Pair in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury Mouse Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8064557. [PMID: 34354760 PMCID: PMC8331283 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8064557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Compatibility remains among the crucial and significant characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines. The Gardeniae Fructus (FG)-Forsythiae Fructus (FF) herb pair, an epitome of formulations for heat-clearing and detoxification, is extensively used to treat bacterial pneumonia in clinical settings. However, there are few reports on their synergistic effects. This study thus investigated their compatibility by GC-MS based metabolomics using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model. Differential metabolites were identified by both variable importance in the projection (VIP) > 1 in orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) mode and P < 0.05. Results of biochemistry and histopathology indicated that FG-FF herb pair exerted more promising lung protective effect than its individual decoction against the LPS-induced ALI model. From the metabolomics study, 32 differential metabolites in vehicle vs. model groups, 21 differential metabolites in FF vs. model groups, 21 differential metabolites in FG vs. model groups, and 20 differential metabolites in FG-FF herb pair vs. model groups were found. Among them, the levels of 3-hydroxybutyric acid, alanine, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid were restored significantly in the FF group, while silanol and cholesterol were restored significantly in the FG group. For FG-FF treatment, the amount of behenic acid, a metabolite with anti-inflammatory properties, was increased, while palmitic acid, a proinflammatory metabolite, was decreased. Meanwhile, the two biomarkers were restored more significantly than that by FG or FF treatment, which indicated that the synergistic effects by FF coupled with FG might be attributed to restoring fatty acids metabolic pathway.
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu Y, Xu S, Li S, Pan H. Genipin-cross-linked hydrogels based on biomaterials for drug delivery: a review. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1583-1597. [PMID: 33443245 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01403f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Genipin is a naturally occurring nontoxic cross-linker, which has been widely used for drug delivery due to its excellent biocompatibility, admirable biodegradability and stable cross-linked attributes. These advantages led to its extensive application in the fabrication of hydrogels for drug delivery. This review describes the physicochemical characteristics and pharmacological activities of genipin and attempts to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of the cross-linking reaction between genipin and biomaterials. The current article entails a general review of the different biomaterials cross-linked by genipin: chitosan and its derivatives, collagen, gelatin, etc. The genipin-cross-linked hydrogels for various pharmaceutical applications, including ocular drug delivery, buccal drug delivery, oral drug delivery, anti-inflammatory drug delivery, and antibiotic and antifungal drug delivery, are reported. Finally, the future research directions and challenges of genipin-cross-linked hydrogels for pharmaceutical applications are also discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China. and Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Sanming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hao Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shu P, Yu M, Zhu H, Luo Y, Li Y, Li N, Zhang H, Zhang J, Liu G, Wei X, Yi W. Two new iridoid glycosides from Gardeniae Fructus. Carbohydr Res 2021; 501:108259. [PMID: 33610932 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two new iridoid glycosides, genipin 1,10-di-O-α-l-rhamnoside (1) and genipin 1,10-di-O-β-d-xylopyranoside (2), along with thirteen known compounds (3-15) were isolated from Gardeniae Fructus. Their structures were elucidated by physical data analyses such as NMR, UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, as well as chemical hydrolysis. All compounds were tested for their tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. At a concentration of 25 μM, compound 13 showed obvious mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity with % inhibition value of 36.52 ± 1.98%, with kojic acid used as the positive control (46.09 ± 1.29%). At a concentration of 1 mM, compounds 8 and 9 exhibited considerable DPPH radical scavenging activities, with radical scavenging rates of 48.54 ± 0.47%, 58.59 ± 0.39%, respectively, with l-ascorbic acid used as the positive control (59.02 ± 0.77%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Shu
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China.
| | - Mengzhu Yu
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Huiqing Zhu
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Yuehui Luo
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Nianci Li
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Jialong Zhang
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Xialan Wei
- School of Information Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Wenhan Yi
- Communist Youth League Committee, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Efficacy and safety of TCM combined with chemotherapy for SCLC: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2913-2935. [PMID: 32797283 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is the standard treatment for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), but chemotherapy resistance and adverse reactions remain major problems. Although Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is wildly applied for patients with SCLC in China, the evidence of TCM in the treatment for SCLC is limited. PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM combined with chemotherapy for patients with SCLC. METHOD We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the VIP Information Database, and the Wanfang Database for randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) that are relevant. The included studies were reviewed by two investigators, with relevant data extracted independently. The effect estimate of interest was the relative risk (RR) or mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS 22 RCTs involving 1887 patients were included in this study. Compared with patients treated with chemotherapy© alone, those with Chinese herbal medicine and chemotherapy (TCM-C) had better therapeutic effects (RR = 1.295, 95% CI 1.205-1.391, P < 0.001), KPS scores (RR = 1.310, 95% CI 1.210-1.418, P < 0.001), 1-year survival rate (RR = 1.282, 95% CI 1.129-1.456, P < 0.001), 3-year survival rate (RR = 2.109, 95% CI 1.514-2.939, P < 0.001), and 5-year survival rate (RR = 2.373, 95% CI 1.227-4.587, P = 0.01). The incidence of gastrointestinal reaction (RR of = 0.786, 95% CI 0.709-0.870, P < 0.000) and bone marrow depression (RR = 0.837, 95% CI 0.726-0.965, P = 0.014) in TCM-C group were lower than that in the C group. CONCLUSION The systematic review indicated that TCM combined with chemotherapy may improve therapeutic effect, quality of life, and prolong survival time. More large-scale and higher quality RCTs are warranted to support our findings. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42016038016.
Collapse
|
16
|
Antioxidant Effects and Cytoprotective Potentials of Herbal Tea against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Damage by Activating Heme Oxygenase1 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7187946. [PMID: 32695819 PMCID: PMC7361890 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7187946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Herbal tea with antioxidant ingredients has gained increasing attention in the field of functional foods due to their amelioration potential in aging-related diseases. Wanglaoji herbal tea (WHT) is a kind of traditional beverage made from herbal materials. This study was performed to investigate its antioxidant activity and identify its protective effect on a H2O2-induced cell damage model. In this study, we identified six kinds of phenolic acids with antioxidant activity in WHT, among which rosmarinic acid had the highest content and the highest contribution ratio to the antioxidant activity of WHT. Moreover, compared with the H2O2-induced damage group, the WHT treatment group can significantly increase the viability of cells and decrease the ratio of senescence-associated β-galactosidase-positive cells, intracellular malondialdehyde levels, and the percentage of G1 phase. Furthermore, enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that heme oxygenase1 (HMOX1) was a key gene for protective effect of WHT on oxidative stress-induced cell damage. Thus, WHT exerted protective effects not only by scavenging reactive oxygen species but also by inducing the expression of cytoprotective genes by activating the HMOX1 pathway, which showed that WHT had a potential of promoting health by reducing oxidative stress-induced cell damage.
Collapse
|
17
|
Fan X, Lin L, Cui B, Zhao T, Mao L, Song Y, Wang X, Feng H, Qingxiang Y, Zhang J, Jiang K, Cao X, Wang B, Sun C. Therapeutic potential of genipin in various acute liver injury, fulminant hepatitis, NAFLD and other non-cancer liver diseases: More friend than foe. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104945. [PMID: 32454225 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genipin is an aglycone derived from the geniposide, the most abundant iridoid glucoside constituent of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. For decades, genipin is the focus of studies as a versatile compound in the treatment of various pathogenic conditions. In particularly, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of liver disease. Mounting experimental data has proved genipin possesses therapeutic potential for cholestatic, septic, ischemia/reperfusion-triggered acute liver injury, fulminant hepatitis and NAFLD. This critical review is a reflection on the valuable lessons from decades of research regarding pharmacological activities of genipin. Of note, genipin represents choleretic effect by potentiating bilirubin disposal and enhancement of genes in charge of the efflux of a number of organic anions. The anti-inflammatory capability of genipin is mediated by suppression of the production and function of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammasome. Moreover, genipin modulates various transcription factor and signal transduction pathway. Genipin appears to trigger the upregulation of several key genes encoding antioxidant and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Furthermore, the medicinal impact of genipin extends to modulation of regulated cell death, including autophagic cell death, apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis, and modulation of quality of cellular organelle. Another crucial effect of genipin appears to be linked to dual role in targeting uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). As a typical UCP2-inhibiting compound, genipin could inhibit AMP-activated protein kinase or NF-κB in circumstance. On the contrary, reactive oxygen species production and cellular lipid deposits mediated by genipin through the upregulation of UCP2 is observed in liver steatosis, suggesting the precise role of genipin is disease-specific. Collectively, we comprehensively summarize the mechanisms and pathways associated with the hepatoprotective activity of genipin and discuss potential toxic impact. Notably, our focus is the direct medicinal effect of genipin itself, whereas its utility as a crosslinking agent in tissue engineering is out of scope for the current review. Further studies are therefore required to disentangle these complicated pharmacological properties to confer this natural agent a far greater potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, East Street 6, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Binxin Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, East Street 6, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Tianming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lihong Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hongjuan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Nutriology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Jintang Road 83, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Yu Qingxiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaocang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, East Street 6, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang Z, Liu H, Luo W, Cai T, Li Z, Liu Y, Gao W, Wan Q, Wang X, Wang J, Wang Y, Yang X. Regeneration of skeletal system with genipin crosslinked biomaterials. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420974861. [PMID: 33294154 PMCID: PMC7705197 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420974861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural biomaterials, such as collagen, gelatin, and chitosan, are considered as promising candidates for use in tissue regeneration treatment, given their similarity to natural tissues regarding components and structure. Nevertheless, only receiving a crosslinking process can these biomaterials exhibit sufficient strength to bear high tensile loads for use in skeletal system regeneration. Recently, genipin, a natural chemical compound extracted from gardenia fruits, has shown great potential as a reliable crosslinking reagent, which can reconcile the crosslinking effect and biosafety profile simultaneously. In this review, we briefly summarize the genipin extraction process, biosafety, and crosslinking mechanism. Subsequently, the applications of genipin regarding aiding skeletal system regeneration are discussed in detail, including the advances and technological strategies for reconstructing cartilage, bone, intervertebral disc, tendon, and skeletal muscle tissues. Finally, based on the specific pharmacological functions of genipin, its potential applications, such as its use in bioprinting and serving as an antioxidant and anti-tumor agent, and the challenges of genipin in the clinical applications in skeletal system regeneration are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Tianyang Cai
- College of Rehabilitation, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Zuhao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Weinan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xianggang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Genipin Ameliorates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Mice via the Concomitant Inhibition of Inflammation and Induction of Autophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3729051. [PMID: 31885784 PMCID: PMC6927019 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3729051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genipin, as the most effective ingredient of various traditional medications, encompasses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial capacities. More recently, it is suggested that genipin protects against septic liver damage by restoring autophagy. The purpose of the current study was to explore the protective effect of genipin against carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced acute liver injury (ALI) and its underlying molecular machinery. Our results indicated that treatment with genipin significantly reduced CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by ameliorating histological liver changes, decreasing the aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase levels, alleviating the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and promoting autophagic flux. Moreover, genipin effectively induced the conversion of LC3 and inhibition of p62 accumulation. The liver expressions of ATG5, ATG7, and ATG12 were significantly increased by genipin pretreatment in the ALI mice model. This protective effect may be mediated by the inhibition of mTOR and the activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Meanwhile, genipin attenuated CCl4-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting the NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, pretreatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or inhibition of p38 MAPK by SB203580 abolished the hepatoprotective effect of genipin. Taken together, our study implicates that genipin has a protective potential against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, which might be strongly associated with the induction of autophagy and the attenuation of inflammatory response.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhu Y, Shi Y, Cao C, Han Z, Liu M, Qi M, Huang R, Zhu Z, Qian D, Duan JA. Jia-Wei-Kai-Xin-San, an Herbal Medicine Formula, Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits via Modulating Metabolism of Beta Amyloid Protein and Neurotrophic Factors in Hippocampus of Aβ 1-42 Induced Cognitive Deficit Mice. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:258. [PMID: 30941041 PMCID: PMC6433786 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Jia-Wei-Kai-Xin-San (JWKXS) is a Chinese medicine formula applied for treating morbid forgetfulness in ancient China. Today, this formula is frequently applied for Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (VD) in clinic. Here, we developed it as granules and aimed to evaluate its anti-AD effect on β amyloid protein 1-42 (Aβ1-42) induced cognitive deficit mice and reveal the possible molecular mechanisms. Firstly, daily intra-gastric administration of chemically standardized of JWKXS granules for 7 days significantly ameliorated the cognitive deficit symptoms and inhibited cell apoptosis in hippocampus on Aβ1-42 injection mice. JWKXS granules significantly decreased Aβ level, increased superoxide dismutase activity and decreased malondialdehyde level in hippocampus of model mice. It also restored acetylcholine amounts, inhibited acetylcholinesterase activities and increased choline acetyltransferase activities. In addition, JWKXS granules enabled the transformation of precursors of NGF and BDNF into mature forms. Furthermore, JWKXS granules could regulate gene expressions related to Aβ production, transportation, degradation and neurotrophic factor transformation, which led to down-regulation of Aβ and up-regulation of NGF and BDNF. These findings suggested that JWKXS granules ameliorated cognitive deficit via decreasing Aβ levels, protecting neuron from oxidation damages and nourishing neuron, which could serve as alternative medicine for patients suffering from AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiwei Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenxiang Han
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqiu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingzhu Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Renjie Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-ao Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|