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Cecchini S, Di Rosa M, Fantechi L, Mecozzi S, Matacchione G, Giuliani A, Monsurrò V, Zoppi L, Cardelli M, Galeazzi R, Recchioni R, Marchegiani F, Marra M, Sabbatinelli J, Corsonello A, Sarzani R, Cherubini A, Bonfigli AR, Fornarelli D, Paci E, Procopio AD, Olivieri F, Bronte G. Relationship between imaging-derived parameters and circulating microRNAs to study the degree of lung involvement in hospitalized geriatric patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024. [PMID: 39037206 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM Chest computed tomography (CT) scan is useful to evaluate the type and extent of lung lesions in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. This study explored the association between radiological parameters and various circulating serum-derived markers, including microRNAs, in older patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS A retrospective analysis was designed to study geriatric patients (≥75 years) with COVID-19 pneumonia, who underwent chest CT scan on admission, and for whom clinical data and serum samples were obtained. To quantify the extent of lung involvement, CT-score, the percentage of healthy lung (HL%), the percentage of ground glass opacity (GGO%), and the percentage of lung consolidation were assessed using computer-aided tools. The association of these parameters with two circulating microRNAs, miR-483-5p and miR-320b, previously identified as biomarkers of mortality risk in COVID-19 geriatric patients, was tested. RESULTS A total of 73 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were evaluable (median age 85 years; interquartile range 82-90 years). Among chest CT-derived parameters, the percentage of lung consolidation (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14), CT-score (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.25), and HL% (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-0.99) emerged as significant predictors of mortality, whereas non-significant trends toward increased mortality were observed in patients with higher GGO%. We also found a significant positive association between serum miR-483-5p and GGO% (correlation coefficient 0.28; P = 0.018) and a negative association with HL% (correlation coefficient -0.27; P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the extent of lung consolidation can be confirmed as a prognostic parameter of COVID-19 pneumonia in older patients. Among various serum-derived markers, miR-483-5p can help in exploring the degree of lung involvement, due to its association with higher GGO% and lower HL%. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••-••.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirko Di Rosa
- Center for Biostatistics and Applied Geriatric Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Sara Mecozzi
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Maurizio Cardelli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Galeazzi
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rina Recchioni
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Marra
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Sarzani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Acute Geriatric Unit, Geriatric Emergency Room and Aging Research Centre, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Enrico Paci
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bronte
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Faraji J, Metz GAS. Toward reframing brain-social dynamics: current assumptions and future challenges. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1211442. [PMID: 37484686 PMCID: PMC10359502 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1211442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary analyses suggest that the human social brain and sociality appeared together. The two fundamental tools that accelerated the concurrent emergence of the social brain and sociality include learning and plasticity. The prevailing core idea is that the primate brain and the cortex in particular became reorganised over the course of evolution to facilitate dynamic adaptation to ongoing changes in physical and social environments. Encouraged by computational or survival demands or even by instinctual drives for living in social groups, the brain eventually learned how to learn from social experience via its massive plastic capacity. A fundamental framework for modeling these orchestrated dynamic responses is that social plasticity relies upon neuroplasticity. In the present article, we first provide a glimpse into the concepts of plasticity, experience, with emphasis on social experience. We then acknowledge and integrate the current theoretical concepts to highlight five key intertwined assumptions within social neuroscience that underlie empirical approaches for explaining the brain-social dynamics. We suggest that this epistemological view provides key insights into the ontology of current conceptual frameworks driving future research to successfully deal with new challenges and possible caveats in favour of the formulation of novel assumptions. In the light of contemporary societal challenges, such as global pandemics, natural disasters, violent conflict, and other human tragedies, discovering the mechanisms of social brain plasticity will provide new approaches to support adaptive brain plasticity and social resilience.
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McDonald RJ, Hong NS, Trow JS, Kaupp C, Balog RJ, Gokarn L, Falkenberg EA, McCreary KJ, Soltanpour N, Witbeck C, McKenna A, Metz GAS. Effects of maternal social isolation on adult rodent offspring cognition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7748. [PMID: 37173349 PMCID: PMC10177704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal experiences can influence offspring physiology and behaviour through the lifespan. Various forms of prenatal stress impair adult learning and memory function and can lead to increased occurrence of anxiety and depression. Clinical work suggests that prenatal stress and maternal depression lead to similar outcomes in children and adolescents, however the long-term effects of maternal depression are less established, particularly in well controlled animal models. Social isolation is common in depressed individuals and during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, for this study we were interested in the effects of maternal stress induced via social isolation on adult offspring cognitive functions including spatial, stimulus-response, and emotional learning and memory that are mediated by different networks centered on the hippocampus, dorsal striatum, and amygdala, respectively. Tasks included a discriminative contextual fear conditioning task and cue-place water task. Pregnant dams in the social isolation group were single housed prior to and throughout gestation. Once offspring reached adulthood the male offspring were trained on a contextual fear conditioning task in which rats were trained to associate one of two contexts with an aversive stimulus and the opposing context remained neutral. Afterwards a cue-place water task was performed during which they were required to navigate to both a visible and invisible platform. Fear conditioning results revealed that the adult offspring of socially isolated mothers, but not controls, were impaired in associating a specific context with a fear-inducing stimulus as assessed by conditioned freezing and avoidance. Results from the water task indicate that adult offspring of mothers that were socially isolated showed place learning deficits but not stimulus-response habit learning on the same task. These cognitive impairments, in the offspring of socially isolated dams, occurred in the absence of maternal elevated stress hormone levels, anxiety, or altered mothering. Some evidence suggested that maternal blood-glucose levels were altered particularly during gestation. Our results provide further support for the idea that learning and memory networks, centered on the amygdala and hippocampus are particularly susceptible to the negative impacts of maternal social isolation and these effects can occur without elevated glucocorticoid levels associated with other forms of prenatal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J McDonald
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr., Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Nancy S Hong
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr., Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Jan S Trow
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr., Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Chelsea Kaupp
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr., Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - R J Balog
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr., Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - London Gokarn
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr., Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Erin A Falkenberg
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr., Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Keiko J McCreary
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr., Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Nasrin Soltanpour
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr., Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Carter Witbeck
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr., Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Aimee McKenna
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr., Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr., Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
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de Melo RC, Schutz V, Wachholz PA, Villalonga-Olives E, Myer D, Corazzini K, Lepore M. Long-Term Care Staff Perspectives on the Care of Persons Living With Dementia During the COVID-19 Pandemic in São Paulo State, Brazil. J Gerontol Nurs 2023; 49:45-52. [PMID: 37126010 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20230414-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Brazilian long-term care (LTC) sector faced many challenges, which accentuated other common issues experienced by persons living with dementia (PLWD). The current pilot study evaluated staff perspectives regarding the care of institutionalized PLWD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an online survey, we collected the perspectives of 24 workers from seven long-term care facilities (LTCFs) located in São Paulo State, Brazil, about the impact of COVID-19 in caring for PLWD. Results highlight concerns about challenges related to following precautionary measures and the negative effects of social distancing on PLWD. Aspects related to workforce and staffing and person-centered care approaches were recognized by staff as important to provide good care for PLWD. Future research is needed to consider how to support LTCFs in achieving a balance between the protection and well-being of PLWD. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 49(5), 45-52.].
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Patel A, Ness J, Kelly S, Waters K, Townsend E, Kapur N, Clements C, Farooq B, Geulayov G, Casey D, Hawton K. The characteristics, life problems and clinical management of older adults who self-harm: Findings from the multicentre study of self-harm in England. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e5895. [PMID: 36840547 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults have a high risk of suicide following self-harm. Contemporary information on self-harm in this population is needed to inform care provision. OBJECTIVES To examine subgroup differences in the incidence of self-harm, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, preceding life problems and outcomes in individuals aged 60 years and over presenting to hospital following self-harm. METHOD Data on Emergency Department (ED) presentations for self-harm from 2003 to 2016 from three centres in the Multicentre Study of Self-Harm in England were analysed. Changes in self-harm rates were examined using Poisson regression. Univariable logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with 12-month self-harm repetition. RESULTS There were 3850 presentations for self-harm by 2684 individuals aged 60 years and over. Self-harm rates increased over time for 60-74-year-old men (Incident Rate Ratio = 1.04, 95% Confidence Interval 1.02-1.06, p < 0.0001). Problems most frequently reported to have preceded self-harm were mental health (40.5%) and physical health (38.3%) concerns. Problems with alcohol, finances, employment and relationship with partner were found more frequently in 60-74-year-olds compared with those aged over 74 years. Physical health problems were common with increasing age, as were problems with alcohol for men. One in ten (10.8%) individuals presented to hospital with self-harm within 12 months of their index presentation. CONCLUSIONS Self-harm-related ED attendances in older men have increased, particularly for men aged 60-74 years. Prevention and clinical management should involve a comprehensive psychosocial assessment to target common precipitants for the wide range of problems preceding self-harm and may include support with physical and mental wellbeing and advice on safer alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Patel
- Centre for Self-Harm and Suicide Prevention Research, Research and Development Centre, Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Kingsway Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Jennifer Ness
- Centre for Self-Harm and Suicide Prevention Research, Research and Development Centre, Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Kingsway Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Samantha Kelly
- Centre for Self-Harm and Suicide Prevention Research, Research and Development Centre, Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Kingsway Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Keith Waters
- Centre for Self-Harm and Suicide Prevention Research, Research and Development Centre, Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Kingsway Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Ellen Townsend
- Self-Harm Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Navneet Kapur
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline Clements
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bushra Farooq
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Galit Geulayov
- Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Deborah Casey
- Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Keith Hawton
- Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Choi NG, DiNitto DM, Marti CN. Older Adults' Frequency of Going Outside during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Associations with Physical Distancing, Health Status, and Fall Risk Factors. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:324-335. [PMID: 36250259 PMCID: PMC9574528 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221134178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Research shows significant health benefits of going outside in late life. Using the 2019 and 2020 National Health and Aging Trend Study and its 2020 COVID-19 supplemental survey (N = 3,857, age 70+), we examined changes in the past-month frequency of going outside one's home/building during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 compared to the same time in 2019. We found that 57.0% reported no change in the frequency of going outside, 32.0% went out less frequently, and 11.0% went out more frequently. Logistic regression models showed that decreased frequency was associated with higher frequency of going outside in 2019, avoidance of contact with those outside their household (AOR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.10, 2.06), dementia diagnosis, mobility device use, self-rated health (AOR = .85, 95% CI = .75-.97), and being 90+ years of age, female, non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic, divorced/separated. Older adults are likely to benefit from going outside more often when they can safely do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namkee G. Choi
- The University of Texas, Steve Hicks School of Social Work, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Diana M. DiNitto
- The University of Texas, Steve Hicks School of Social Work, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - C. Nathan Marti
- The University of Texas, Steve Hicks School of Social Work, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Luppino AF, Cincinelli G, Orenti A, Boracchi P, Favalli EG, Caporali R, Ingegnoli F. Tight control in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with targeted therapies across the COVID-19 pandemic era. J Telemed Telecare 2023:1357633X221150724. [PMID: 36694430 PMCID: PMC9892820 DOI: 10.1177/1357633x221150724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the impact of different patterns of healthcare delivery on remission of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with targeted therapies during the first wave (2020) and second/third waves (2021) of the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period (2019). METHODS In this observational real-life study, data from RA patients treated with biologic or targeted synthetic drugs were extracted from a longitudinal registry. Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was analyzed in the same period from the 22nd of February to the 18th of May for three consecutive years. These three periods were characterized by different patterns of healthcare delivery: (1) before the pandemic (2019) only in-person visits, (2) during the first wave (2020) both in-person visits and telehealth, and (3) during the second/third waves (2021) only in-person visits. A generalized linear model with the binomial error was fitted to evaluate the difference in the proportion of patients in CDAI remission. Quantile regression was used to compare the median of CDAI in difficult-to-treat (D2T) patients. RESULTS In the three periods, we included 407, 450, and 540 RA patients respectively. The percentages of patients in CDAI remission were similar in the three periods (prevalence ratio 1.07, p value 0.423 between 2020 and 2019, and 1.01, p-value 0.934 between 2021 and 2019). The CDAI remission rate was 40.55% (N = 163), 43.18% (N = 155) and 40.82% (N = 220) in 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Among our cohort of D2T patients, CDAI remission was similar across the three periods (N = 30, 22.22%; N = 27, 23.68%; and N = 34, 21.52% respectively). CONCLUSION Although the pandemic has imposed changes in our healthcare delivery, these different strategies seem to be effective in ensuring satisfactory management of RA treated with targeted therapies. The approaches modulated in the context of the different periods have been a feasible compensation for ensuring disease control even in D2T patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Flavia Luppino
- Clinical Rheumatology Unit, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gilberto Cincinelli
- Clinical Rheumatology Unit, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Orenti
- Lab of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “GA Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Boracchi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ennio Giulio Favalli
- Clinical Rheumatology Unit, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Caporali
- Clinical Rheumatology Unit, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Ingegnoli
- Clinical Rheumatology Unit, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Lim WM, Bowman C. Aging and COVID-19: Lessons Learned. ACTIVITIES, ADAPTATION & AGING 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01924788.2022.2132602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weng Marc Lim
- Sunway University Business School, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia; School of Business, Law and Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Business, Design and Arts, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Carmen Bowman
- Edu-Catering: Catering Education for Compliance and Culture Change, Huntingburg, Indiana, USA
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Beauchet O, Matskiv J, Launay CP, Gaudreau P, Benatar D, Ptito A, Chou P, Allali G, Prate F, Vaillant-Ciszewicz AJ, Guerin O. CARE frailty e-health scale: Association with incident adverse health outcomes and comparison with the Cardiovascular Health Study frailty scale in the NuAge cohort. Maturitas 2022; 162:37-43. [PMID: 35537241 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Bhartiya S, Tandale BV, Pawar SD, Kumar N. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among frontline police personnel in Mumbai, India. Virusdisease 2022; 33:166-171. [PMID: 35694684 PMCID: PMC9171086 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A serosurvey was designed to ascertain the extent of infection among police personnel in Mumbai, India, during the last week of January 2021, at the end of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and just before the introduction of vaccination. Methods The survey was carried out to screen for SARS-CoV-2 among 3232 police personnel. Of the 3176 participants willing for blood sample collection, 3077 personnel were found to be eligible for testing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus using the Roche Diagnostics’ Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay. Results The overall seroprevalence was 74.1% (95% CI 72.5–75.6). Males (75.1%, 73.4–76.8) had significantly higher seroprevalence than females (69.8%, 66.0-73.3), 18–39 years age group (76.4%, 74.4–78.3) than 40–59 years age group (70.6%, 67.9–73.1), non-officers (75.2%, 73.5–76.7) than officers (63.8%, 58.2–69.0), and personnel without comorbidities (75.0%, 73.3–76.6) than with comorbidities (69.7%, 65.6–73.5). Additionally, personnel with resident members positive for COVID-19 (89.6%, 84.7–93.1), personnel having reported COVID-19 earlier (95.5%, 93.8–96.7), and personnel having PCR positivity earlier (96.4%, 94.7–97.6) had significantly higher seroprevalences than others. All other variables, including diabetes and blood glucose status, lipid levels and thyroid enzymes, were not significantly associated with the seroprevalence levels. Conclusions Almost three-fourths of frontline police personnel had evidence of past COVID-19 infection at the end of the first wave in January 2021, just before the introduction of COVID-19 vaccination. These frontline non-healthcare essential workers are an important risk group, and amenable to rapid serosurveys. These findings may help in estimating transmission status in the general community, along with disease burden, aiding prioritization of healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibal Bhartiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Sector 44, 122003 Gurugram, Haryana India
| | - Babasaheb V Tandale
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, 411021 Pashan, Pune, India
| | - Shailesh D Pawar
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, 411021 Pashan, Pune, India
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology-Mumbai Unit, Haffkine Institute Compound, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, 400 012 Mumbai, India
| | - Nishant Kumar
- Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai and Eyebetes Foundation, Khar, Mumbai, India
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Social Isolation Stress Modulates Pregnancy Outcomes and the Inflammatory Profile of Rat Uterus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116169. [PMID: 35682846 PMCID: PMC9181517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stressors have been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes; including preterm birth (PTB). Recent work demonstrates that social isolation in mothers represents a silent stressor contributing to PTB risk. Here; we investigate the association of inflammatory and stress markers with PTB risk in Long–Evans rats exposed to social isolation stress (SIS) during preconception and pregnancy across four generations (F0-F3). Gestational length; blood glucose; corticosterone levels; and maternal and offspring weights were assessed in two SIS paradigms: transgenerational (TG) and multigenerational (MG) exposure. Maternal uterine tissues were collected 21 days after the dams gave birth. Exposure to SIS reduced pregnancy lengths in the parental generation and neonatal birth weights in the F1 and F2 generations. Interleukin (IL)-1β (Il1b) mRNA levels increased in F0 animals but decreased in the offspring of both stress lineages. Protein levels of IL-1β decreased in the TG lineage. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (Crhr1) expression decreased in SIS-exposed F0 animals and increased in the TG-F2 and MG-F1 offspring. Expression of enzyme 11-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (11bHSD2) was enhanced in F1 animals. These findings suggest SIS has adverse consequences on the F0 mothers; but their F1–F3 progeny may adapt to this chronic stress; thus supporting the fetal programming hypothesis.
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Akaida S, Nakai Y, Shiratsuchi D, Tomioka K, Taniguchi Y, Sato N, Wada A, Kiuchi Y, Shono S, Shiiba R, Tateishi M, Makizako H. Association of self-rated health with type and frequency of social interaction during the declaration of COVID-19 state of emergency among Japanese community-dwelling oldest-old adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22:405-411. [PMID: 35315191 PMCID: PMC9111508 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether the type and frequency of social interaction during the state of emergency due to coronavirus disease were associated with self-rated health (SRH) after the state of emergency. METHODS Data from a cross-sectional study were collected for 889 oldest-old adults in Bibai City, Hokkaido, Japan. In total, 612 participants (mean age: 83.0 ± 4.3 years; women: 51.8%) were included in the analysis, taking biological sex into account. The self-reported questionnaire included questions about demographic variables, SRH (July 2020, after the emergency), and the type and frequency of social interaction (March 2020, during the state of emergency). RESULTS There was no significant association between social interaction and SRH in men (P > 0.05). Women who had social interactions (both face-to-face and non-face-to-face) more than once a week during the state of emergency reported higher SRH after the emergency than those who did not (odds ratio 2.17, 95% confidence interval 1.07-4.41). CONCLUSIONS Having both types of interaction more than once a week during the state of emergency was related to higher SRH after the emergency among oldest-old women. It is suggested that having opportunities for both types of interaction at least once a week would potentially be beneficial for high SRH in women, even in situations where the declaration of a state of emergency restricts face-to-face interaction. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 405-411.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Akaida
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakai
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Daiichi Institute of Technology, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Daijo Shiratsuchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kumamoto General Hospital, Yatsushiro, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Tomioka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tarumizu Municipal Medical Center, Tarumizu Chuo Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Kagoshima Medical Professional College, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nana Sato
- Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Ayumi Wada
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization, Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Yuto Kiuchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Saki Shono
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Shiiba
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Tarumizu Municipal Medical Center, Tarumizu Chuo Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mana Tateishi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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