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Wen K, Meng X, Wang C, Zhao J, Botros S, Lin Q. Assessing Aptamer-Analyte Binding Kinetics by Microfluidic Fluorescence Microscopy. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2024; 401:135018. [PMID: 38558786 PMCID: PMC10977918 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2023.135018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Kinetic measurement plays a crucial role in understanding aptamer binding mechanisms and identifying appropriate aptamers for clinical and research applications. Current techniques, while well established, generally require large sample volumes, bulky and expensive instruments operated by trained personnel, and are hence not readily accessible to resource-limited research laboratories. This paper presents a fluorescence microscopy-based microfluidic assay for measuring aptamer-analyte binding kinetics in a simple and cost-effective manner. Kinetic measurements are achieved by monitoring time-course fluorescence of fluorescently labeled aptamers as they bind to the targets trapped in a microfluidic chip. Fluorescence measurements are performed on a standard fluorescence microscope and are accessible to laboratories with only modest resources. Moreover, microfluidic technology allows efficient and cost-effective immobilization of small amounts of target molecules or live cells as well as flow-based manipulation of aptamers for the measurements. Kinetic measurements of aptamer binding to immunoglobulin E protein and CCRF-CEM cells have yielded results consistent with those obtained from established methods, demonstrating the potential utility of our method for exploring aptamer-target interactions and identifying aptamers that best suit specific given biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kechun Wen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Chengxi Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jingyang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Samantha Botros
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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Gao T, Li W, Ma J, Chen Y, Wang Z, Sun N, Pei R. Selection of DNA aptamer recognizing CD44 for high-efficiency capture of circulating tumor cells. Talanta 2023; 262:124728. [PMID: 37247446 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells play critical roles in cancer progression, cancer invasion and metastasis, and cancer recurrence. CD44 is known as a specific surface marker of cancer stem cells, which has been well-studied in cancer invasion and metastasis. Herein, we successfully selected the DNA aptamers for recognizing CD44+ cells using Cell-SELEX strategy, in which the engineered CD44 overexpression cells were used as target cells for selection. The optimized aptamer candidate C24S showed high binding affinity with the Kd value of 14.54 nM and good specificity. Then, the aptamer C24S was employed to prepare the functional aptamer-magnetic nanoparticles (C24S-MNPs) for CTC capture. To investigate the capture efficiency and sensitivity of C24S-MNPs, series of cell capture tests were performed using artificial samples with 10-200 of HeLa cells spiked into 1 mL PBS or PBMCs isolated from 1 mL peripheral blood, obtaining an efficiency of 95% and 90%, respectively. More importantly, we finally explored the facility of C24S-MNPs for CTC detection in blood samples from clinical cancer patients, indicating a potential and feasible strategy for cancer diagnostic technology in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jialing Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Zhili Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Na Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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Kara N, Ayoub N, Ilgu H, Fotiadis D, Ilgu M. Aptamers Targeting Membrane Proteins for Sensor and Diagnostic Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093728. [PMID: 37175137 PMCID: PMC10180177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many biological processes (physiological or pathological) are relevant to membrane proteins (MPs), which account for almost 30% of the total of human proteins. As such, MPs can serve as predictive molecular biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Indeed, cell surface MPs are an important class of attractive targets of the currently prescribed therapeutic drugs and diagnostic molecules used in disease detection. The oligonucleotides known as aptamers can be selected against a particular target with high affinity and selectivity by iterative rounds of in vitro library evolution, known as Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment (SELEX). As an alternative to antibodies, aptamers offer unique features like thermal stability, low-cost, reuse, ease of chemical modification, and compatibility with various detection techniques. Particularly, immobilized-aptamer sensing platforms have been under investigation for diagnostics and have demonstrated significant value compared to other analytical techniques. These "aptasensors" can be classified into several types based on their working principle, which are commonly electrochemical, optical, or mass-sensitive. In this review, we review the studies on aptamer-based MP-sensing technologies for diagnostic applications and have included new methodological variations undertaken in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Kara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Nooraldeen Ayoub
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Huseyin Ilgu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Fotiadis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Muslum Ilgu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Aptalogic Inc., Ames, IA 50014, USA
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Yuhan J, Zhu L, Zhu L, Huang K, He X, Xu W. Cell-specific aptamers as potential drugs in therapeutic applications: A review of current progress. J Control Release 2022; 346:405-420. [PMID: 35489545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell-specific aptamers are a promising emerging player in the field of disease therapy. This paper reviews the multidimensional research progress made in terms of their classification, modification, and application. Based on the target location of cell-specific aptamers, it is defined and classified cell-specific aptamers into three groups including aptamers for cell surface markers, aptamers for intracellular components, and aptamers for extracellular components. Moreover, the modification methods of aptamers to achieve improved stability and affinity are concluded. In addition, recent advances in the application of cell-specific aptamers are discussed, mainly focusing on the increasing research attraction of cell state improving helpers and cell recruitment mediators in the improvement of cellular microenvironments to achieve successful disease therapy. This review also highlights 11 types of clinical aptamer drugs. Finally, the challenges and future directions of potential clinical applications are presented. In summary, we believe that cell-specific aptamers are promising drugs in disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Yuhan
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liye Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Longjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Research progress of whole-cell-SELEX selection and the application of cell-targeting aptamer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7979-7993. [PMID: 35274201 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aptamers refer to the artificially synthesized nucleic acid sequences (DNA/RNA) that can bind to a wide range of targets with high affinity and specificity, which are generally generated from systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). As a novel method of aptamers screening, whole-cell-SELEX (WC-SELEX) has gained more and more attention in many fields such as biomedicine, analytical chemistry, and molecular diagnostics due to its ability to screen multiple potential aptamers without knowing the detailed structural information of target molecules. METHODS AND RESULTS In recent years, with the deepening of research on application of aptamers, the traditional WC-SELEX cannot meet the practical application because of long experimental period, complicated operation process and low specificity, etc. Therefore, the development of more efficient methods for screening aptamer is always on the road. This paper summarizes the current research status of WC-SELEX for bacteria, parasites and animal cells, and reviews the latest advances of WC-SELEX techniques that are dependent on novel instruments, materials and microelectronics, including fluorescence-activated cell sorting-assisted SELEX, three-dimensional assisted WC-SELEX, and microfluidic chip system-assisted WC-SELEX. In addition, the application of aptamers targeting cells was discussed. CONCLUSION Taken together, this review is aimed at providing a reference for WC-SELEX selection and application of aptamer targeting cells.
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Zhu L, Yang J, Ma Y, Zhu X, Zhang C. Aptamers Entirely Built from Therapeutic Nucleoside Analogues for Targeted Cancer Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1493-1497. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Polyclonal Aptamers for Specific Fluorescence Labeling and Quantification of the Health Relevant Human Gut Bacterium Parabacteroides distasonis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112284. [PMID: 34835410 PMCID: PMC8618460 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-stranded DNA aptamers as affinity molecules for the rapid, reliable detection of intestinal bacteria are of particular interest to equip health systems with novel robust and cheap diagnostic tools for monitoring the success of supplementation strategies with selected probiotic gut bacteria in the fight against major widespread threats, such as obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. The human gut bacterium Parabacteroides distasonis (P. distasonis) is positively associated with diseases such as obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and multiple sclerosis with reduced cell counts in these diseases and is thus a promising potential probiotic bacterium for future microbial supplementation. In this paper we report on the evolution of a specific polyclonal aptamer library by the fluorescence based FluCell-SELEX directed against whole cells of P. distasonis that specifically and efficiently binds and labels P. distasonis. The aptamer library showed high binding affinity and was suited to quantitatively discriminate P. distasonis from other prominent gut bacteria also in mixtures. We believe that this library against a promising probiotic bacterium as a prototype may open new routes towards the development of novel biosensors for the easy and efficient quantitative monitoring of microbial abundance in human microbiomes in general.
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Zhong J, Ding J, Deng L, Xiang Y, Liu D, Zhang Y, Chen X, Yang Q. Selection of DNA Aptamers Recognizing EpCAM-Positive Prostate Cancer by Cell-SELEX for in vitro and in vivo MR Imaging. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:3985-3996. [PMID: 34584404 PMCID: PMC8464308 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s322854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The sensitive and specific detection of pathogenic cells is important in tumor diagnosis at an early stage. Aptamers are short single-stranded oligonucleotides evolved from systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). It has been proved that aptamers can interact with cognate target molecules with high affinity and specificity and have great potential in the development of medical imaging at molecular level. Purpose To select epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) specific aptamers targeting prostate cancer and further to conjugate aptamers with GoldMag nanoparticles (a typical iron oxide core/gold shell structure) to construct magnetic molecular probes for medical imaging. Methods EpCAM-specific aptamers were selected by Cell-SELEX. The enrichment of specific aptamer candidates was monitored by flow cytometric analysis. Aptamers were further conjugated with GoldMag nanoparticles to construct magnetic molecular probes. The affinity and specificity of aptamer candidates and aptamer-conjugated GoldMag nanoparticles were evaluated. The MR imaging of aptamer-conjugated GoldMag nanoparticles to prostate cancer was further explored in vitro and in vivo. Results After 12 rounds of selection, aptamer candidates Eppc6 and Eppc14 could specifically target three types of prostate cancer cells, revealing a high affinity of Eppc6 and Eppc14. Moreover, aptamer-conjugated GoldMag nanoparticles not only exhibited good affinity to different prostate cancer cells but also produced strong T2WI signal intensity reduction distinguished from peritumoral tissue in MRI, indicating that the molecular probes possess both the affinity properties of EpCAM-specific aptamer and the superparamagnetic features of iron oxide. Conclusion Our study indicates that aptamer Eppc6 and Eppc14 can recognize prostate cancer cells and tissues. The aptamer-conjugated GoldMag nanoparticles constructed in the study can be used as a molecular imaging agent for detection of PCa in MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinman Zhong
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianke Ding
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Duoduo Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanxin Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China
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Roy D, Pascher A, Juratli MA, Sporn JC. The Potential of Aptamer-Mediated Liquid Biopsy for Early Detection of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115601. [PMID: 34070509 PMCID: PMC8199038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The early detection of cancer favors a greater chance of curative treatment and long-term survival. Exciting new technologies have been developed that can help to catch the disease early. Liquid biopsy is a promising non-invasive tool to detect cancer, even at an early stage, as well as to continuously monitor disease progression and treatment efficacy. Various methods have been implemented to isolate and purify bio-analytes in liquid biopsy specimens. Aptamers are short oligonucleotides consisting of either DNA or RNA that are capable of binding to target molecules with high specificity. Due to their unique properties, they are considered promising recognition ligands for the early detection of cancer by liquid biopsy. A variety of circulating targets have been isolated with high affinity and specificity by facile modification and affinity regulation of the aptamers. In this review, we discuss recent progress in aptamer-mediated liquid biopsy for cancer detection, its associated challenges, and its future potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruvajyoti Roy
- Helio Health, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-949-8722383
| | - Andreas Pascher
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.P.); (M.A.J.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Mazen A. Juratli
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.P.); (M.A.J.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Judith C. Sporn
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.P.); (M.A.J.); (J.C.S.)
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Ding P, Wang Z, Wu Z, Zhu W, Liu L, Sun N, Pei R. Aptamer-based nanostructured interfaces for the detection and release of circulating tumor cells. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:3408-3422. [PMID: 32022083 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can provide significant clinical information for tumors, which has proven to be helpful for cancer diagnosis, prognosis monitoring, treatment efficacy, and personalized therapy. However, CTCs are an extremely rare cell population, which challenges the isolation of CTCs from patient blood. Over the last few decades, many strategies for CTC detection have been developed based on the physical and biological properties of CTCs. Among them, nanostructured interfaces have been widely applied as CTC detection platforms to overcome the current limitations associated with CTC capture. Furthermore, aptamers have attracted significant attention in the detection of CTCs due to their advantages, including good affinity, low cost, easy modification, excellent stability, and low immunogenicity. In addition, effective and nondestructive release of CTCs can be achieved by aptamer-mediated methods that are used under mild conditions. Herein, we review some progress in the detection and release of CTCs through aptamer-functionalized nanostructured interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Mirian M, Kouhpayeh S, Shariati L, Boshtam M, Rahimmanesh I, Darzi L, Taghizadeh R, Jahanian-Najafabadi A, Khanahmad H. Generation of HBsAg DNA aptamer using modified cell-based SELEX strategy. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:139-146. [PMID: 33400073 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers as potential alternatives for antibodies could be employed against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), the great hallmark and first serological marker in HBV, for further theragnostic applications. Therefore, isolation HBsAg specific aptamer was performed in this study with a modified Cell-SELEX method. HEK293T overexpressing HBsAg and HEK293T as target and control cells respectively, were incubated with single-stranded rounds of DNA library during six SELEX and Counter SELEX rounds. Here, we introduced the new modified Cell-SELEX using deoxyribonuclease I digestion to separate single stranded DNA aptamers against the HBsAg. Characterization and evaluation of selected sequences were performed using flow cytometry analysis. The results led to isolation of 15 different ssDNA clones in six rounds of selection which were categorized to four clusters based on common structural motifs. The evaluation of SELEX progress showed growth in aptamer affinity with increasing in the cycle number. Taken together, the application of modified cell-SELEX demonstrated the isolation of HBsAg-specific ssDNA aptamers with proper affinity. Modified cell-SELEX as an efficient method can shorten the selection procedure and increase the success rate while the benefits of cell-based SELEX will be retained. Selected aptamers could be applied in purification columns, diagnostic kits, and drug delivery system against HBV-related liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Mirian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Shirin Kouhpayeh
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Maryam Boshtam
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Leila Darzi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Razieh Taghizadeh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ali Jahanian-Najafabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Yang L, Gao T, Li W, Luo Y, Ullah S, Fang X, Cao Y, Pei R. Ni-Nitrilotriacetic Acid Affinity SELEX Method for Selection of DNA Aptamers Specific to the N-Cadherin Protein. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:867-872. [PMID: 33146506 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that may be evolved for affinity and specificity for their targets and can be easily produced, regenerated, and stabilized. In this study, we adapted Ni-NTA (nickle-charged nitrilotriacetic acid) affinity-chromatography in the development of single-stranded DNA aptamers against N-cadherin protein by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). After ten rounds of selection, two aptamers, designated NS13 and NC23, were selected, which showed low dissociation constants of 93 and 174 nM, respectively. The 5'-carboxyfluorescein-labeled NS13 was used for the sensitive detection of N-cadherin protein by the enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay (ELONA) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tian Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Salim Ullah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaona Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yanwei Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
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Gao T, Ding P, Li W, Wang Z, Lin Q, Pei R. Isolation of DNA aptamers targeting N-cadherin and high-efficiency capture of circulating tumor cells by using dual aptamers. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22574-22585. [PMID: 33174555 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06180h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) acquire mesenchymal markers (e.g., N-cadherin) and lose epithelial markers (e.g., epithelial cell adhesion molecule, EpCAM) during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and are therefore ideal biomarkers of tumor metastasis. However, it is still a challenge to efficiently capture and detect circulating tumor cells with different phenotypes simultaneously. In this work, to obtain aptamers targeting N-cadherin in the native conformation on live cells, we established stable N-cadherin overexpressing cells (N-cadherin cells) and used these cells to identify a panel of N-cadherin-specific aptamers through the cell-SELEX approach. Two aptamer candidates obtained after 12 rounds of selection showed a low equilibrium dissociation constant in the nanomolar range, indicating high binding affinity. The truncated aptamer candidate NC3S showed the highest binding affinity to N-cadherin cells with a low Kd value of 20.08 nM. The SYL3C aptamer was reported to target cancer cell surface biomarker EpCAM. Then, we synthesized two kinds of aptamer-modified magnetic nanoparticles (SYL3C-MNPs and NC3S-MNPs). Both SYL3C and NC3S aptamers possess excellent capture specificity and efficiency for the target cells. The aptamer-MNP cocktail exhibits a considerable capture efficiency and sensitivity for rare cancer cells of epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes. Furthermore, no CTCs were found in blood samples from healthy donors, while CTCs were successfully isolated by using the aptamer-MNP cocktail for 15 out of 16 samples collected from patients. In summary, the two kinds of aptamer-modified MNPs could be utilized as a promising tool for capturing CTCs from clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Gao
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Yasmeen F, Seo H, Javaid N, Kim MS, Choi S. Therapeutic Interventions into Innate Immune Diseases by Means of Aptamers. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100955. [PMID: 33050544 PMCID: PMC7600108 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a crucial role in the body's defense system against various pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, as well as recognizes non-self- and self-molecules. The innate immune system is composed of special receptors known as pattern recognition receptors, which play a crucial role in the identification of pathogen-associated molecular patterns from diverse microorganisms. Any disequilibrium in the activation of a particular pattern recognition receptor leads to various inflammatory, autoimmune, or immunodeficiency diseases. Aptamers are short single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid molecules, also termed "chemical antibodies," which have tremendous specificity and affinity for their target molecules. Their features, such as stability, low immunogenicity, ease of manufacturing, and facile screening against a target, make them preferable as therapeutics. Immune-system-targeting aptamers have a great potential as a targeted therapeutic strategy against immune diseases. This review summarizes components of the innate immune system, aptamer production, pharmacokinetic characteristics of aptamers, and aptamers related to innate-immune-system diseases.
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Xue F, Lin X, Cai Z, Liu X, Ma Y, Wu M. Doxifluridine-based pharmacosomes delivering miR-122 as tumor microenvironments-activated nanoplatforms for synergistic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111367. [PMID: 33007506 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel kind of anti-cancer pharmacosome (named NPC-D) derived from Doxifluridine (5'-DFUR) was described, which could be activated by tumor microenvironments (TMEs). The NPC-D with H2O2-sensitive linker was dispersed well in water and simultaneously interacted with nucleic acids including plasmids encoding miR-122 (p122) and EpCAM-targeted aptamer (ap1) via charge interaction and hydrogen bonding. The integrated nanosystem (p122-ap1@NPC-D) was found to unleash by programmed TMEs (high level of H2O2 and low pH) to efficiently transfect miR-122 into MHCC-LM3 cells, followed by the releases of 5-FU. Besides, p122-ap1@NPC-D significantly countered the chemotherapy resistance and played a synergistic effect. These unique nanoparticles dramatically enhanced the anti-proliferation, and modulated the cellular apoptosis by the down-regulation of various signal pathways which imparted a bright application prospect in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqin Xue
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, PR China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, PR China
| | - Zhixiong Cai
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Yuan Ma
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China.
| | - Ming Wu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China.
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Rosch JC, Neal EH, Balikov DA, Rahim M, Lippmann ES. CRISPR-Mediated Isogenic Cell-SELEX Approach for Generating Highly Specific Aptamers Against Native Membrane Proteins. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:559-574. [PMID: 33184583 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The generation of affinity reagents that bind native membrane proteins with high specificity remains challenging. Most in vitro selection paradigms utilize different cell types for positive and negative rounds of selection (where the positive selection is against a cell that expresses the desired membrane protein and the negative selection is against a cell that lacks the protein). However, this strategy can yield affinity reagents that bind unintended membrane proteins on the target cells. To address this issue, we developed a systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) scheme that utilizes isogenic pairs of cells generated via CRISPR techniques. Methods Using a Caco-2 epithelial cell line with constitutive Cas9 expression, we knocked out the SLC2A1 gene (encoding the GLUT1 glucose transporter) via lipofection with synthetic gRNAs. Cell-SELEX rounds were carried out against wild-type and GLUT1-null cells using a single-strand DNA (ssDNA) library. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to quantify enrichment of prospective binders to the wild-type cells. Results 10 rounds of cell-SELEX were conducted via simultaneous exposure of ssDNA pools to wild-type and GLUT1-null Caco-2 cells under continuous perfusion. The top binders identified from NGS were validated by flow cytometry and immunostaining for their specificity to the GLUT1 receptor. Conclusions Our data indicate that highly specific aptamers can be isolated with a SELEX strategy that utilizes isogenic cell lines. This approach may be broadly useful for generating affinity reagents that selectively bind to membrane proteins in their native conformations on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah C Rosch
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351604, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1604 USA
| | - Emma H Neal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351604, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1604 USA
| | - Daniel A Balikov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Mohsin Rahim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351604, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1604 USA
| | - Ethan S Lippmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351604, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1604 USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA.,Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
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17
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Zhong Y, Zhao J, Li J, Liao X, Chen F. Advances of aptamers screened by Cell-SELEX in selection procedure, cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Anal Biochem 2020; 598:113620. [PMID: 32087127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are a class of short artificial single-stranded oligo(deoxy) nucleotides that can bind to different targets, which generated by Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). Due to excellent selectivity and high affinity to targets, aptamers hold considerable potential as molecular probe in diverse applications ranging from ensuring food safety, monitoring environment, disease diagnosis to therapy. This review highlights recent development and challenges about aptamers screened by Cell-SELEX, and its application about cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Advances about some operation methods such as seperation method and culture method in aptamers selection procedure were summarized in this paper. Some common challenges and technological difficulties such as nonspecific binding and biostability were discussed. Up to now, the recent endeavors about cancer diagnostic and therapeutic applications of aptamers are summarized and expatiated. Most of aptamers screened by Cell-SELEX took tumor cells as target cells, and such aptamers have been assembled to various aptasensor for cancer diagnosis. Aptamers conjugated various drugs or nanomaterials are functioned for cancer target therapy to improve drugs delivery efficiency and reduce side effects. Furthermore, the duplexed aptamer is discussed to be applied for cancer cells detection and some conflicts of theories about duplexed aptamer designs are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiayao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiazhao Li
- Qionglai maternal&Child health care hospital, Chengdu, 611530, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Liao
- School of laboratory medical and Life science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Fujian, China
| | - Fengling Chen
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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18
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Jamalvandi M, Khanahmad H, Irani S, Bastaminezhad S. Selection and characterization of single-stranded DNA aptamers against interleukin-5. Res Pharm Sci 2019; 14:515-523. [PMID: 32038731 PMCID: PMC6937751 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.272560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma as a chronic inflammatory disorder is associated with many cytokines like interleukin-5 (IL-5) which plays essential role in eosinophil differentiation and maturation. Accordingly, blockage of IL-5 using mepalizumab has been considered as a promising therapeutic approach for asthma. Despite the monocolonal antibody advantages, some restrictions provided an acceptable background for alternative agents like aptamers which could replace with antibodies. In the current study, aptamer isolation against IL-5 molecule was intended, according to the valuable benefits of aptamers over antibodies. HEK-293T/IL-5 cell was constructed to select aptamer using cell-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) method. Integration of the IL-5 fragment to genome of the HEK-293T was verified by polymerase chain reaction on the genomic DNA of the transfected cells. Moreover, IL-5 protein expression on the cell surface was confirmed using flow cytometry analysis. Then, cell SELEX was carried out in 12 rounds and isolated aptamers were evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. The selected clones were then sequenced and assessed for any possible secondary structure. The results of this study led to the selection of 19 different single-stranded DNA clones after 12 rounds of selection which were clustered to five groups based on common structural motifs. In conclusion, the findings revealed the isolation of IL-5-specific single-stranded DNA aptamers, which can further be substituted with mepolizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Jamalvandi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Shiva Irani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Sayad Bastaminezhad
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, I.R. Iran
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19
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Yan J, Xiong H, Cai S, Wen N, He Q, Liu Y, Peng D, Liu Z. Advances in aptamer screening technologies. Talanta 2019; 200:124-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Kouhpayeh S, Hejazi Z, Boshtam M, Mirian M, Rahimmanesh I, Darzi L, Rezaei A, Shariati L, Khanahmad H. Development of α4 integrin DNA aptamer as a potential therapeutic tool for multiple sclerosis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16264-16272. [PMID: 31111537 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important molecules for multiple sclerosis pathogenesis is α4 integrin, which is responsible for autoreactive leukocytes migration into the brain. The monoclonal antibody, natalizumab, was introduced to market for blocking the extravasation of autoreactive leukocytes via inhibition of α4 integrin. However, the disadvantages of antibodies provided a suitable background for other agents to be replaced with antibodies. Considering the profound advantages of aptamers over antibodies, aptamer isolation against α4 integrin was intended in the current study. The α4 integrin-specific aptamers were selected using cell-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) method with human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293T overexpressing α4 integrin and HEK-293T as target and control cells, respectively. Evaluation of selected aptamer was performed through flow cytometric analysis. The selected clones were then sequenced and analyzed for any possible secondary structure and affinity. The results of this study led to isolation of 13 different single-stranded DNA clones in 11 rounds of selection which were categorized to three clusters based on common structural motifs and the equilibrium dissociation constant (K d ) of the most stable structure was calculated. The evaluation of SELEX progress showed growth in aptamer affinity with increasing of the number of cycles. Taken together, the findings of this study demonstrated the isolation of α4-specific single-stranded DNA aptamers with suitable affinity for ligand, which can further be replaced with natalizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Kouhpayeh
- Department of Immunology, Erythron Pathobiology and Genetics Laboratory, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zahra Hejazi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Maryam Boshtam
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mina Mirian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Leila Darzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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21
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Zhang Y, Lai BS, Juhas M. Recent Advances in Aptamer Discovery and Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050941. [PMID: 30866536 PMCID: PMC6429292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are short, single-stranded DNA, RNA, or synthetic XNA molecules that can be developed with high affinity and specificity to interact with any desired targets. They have been widely used in facilitating discoveries in basic research, ensuring food safety and monitoring the environment. Furthermore, aptamers play promising roles as clinical diagnostics and therapeutic agents. This review provides update on the recent advances in this rapidly progressing field of research with particular emphasis on generation of aptamers and their applications in biosensing, biotechnology and medicine. The limitations and future directions of aptamers in target specific delivery and real-time detection are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- College of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Bo Shiun Lai
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Mario Juhas
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
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22
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Yahyazadeh Mashhadi SM, Kazemimanesh M, Arashkia A, Azadmanesh K, Meshkat Z, Golichenari B, Sahebkar A. Shedding light on the EpCAM: An overview. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12569-12580. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Muhammad Yahyazadeh Mashhadi
- Department of Virology Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Production Expert at Samandaroo 8 (Biotech Pharmaceutical) Co. Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Virology Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | | | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Behrouz Golichenari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Amirhosein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Neurogenic inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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23
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Bayat P, Nosrati R, Alibolandi M, Rafatpanah H, Abnous K, Khedri M, Ramezani M. SELEX methods on the road to protein targeting with nucleic acid aptamers. Biochimie 2018; 154:132-155. [PMID: 30193856 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systematic evolution of ligand by exponential enrichment (SELEX) is an efficient method used to isolate high-affinity single stranded oligonucleotides from a large random sequence pool. These SELEX-derived oligonucleotides named aptamer, can be selected against a broad spectrum of target molecules including proteins, cells, microorganisms and chemical compounds. Like antibodies, aptamers have a great potential in interacting with and binding to their targets through structural recognition and are therefore called "chemical antibodies". However, aptamers offer advantages over antibodies including smaller size, better tissue penetration, higher thermal stability, lower immunogenicity, easier production, lower cost of synthesis and facilitated conjugation or modification with different functional moieties. Thus, aptamers represent an attractive substitution for protein antibodies in the fields of biomarker discovery, diagnosis, imaging and targeted therapy. Enormous interest in aptamer technology triggered the development of SELEX that has underwent numerous modifications since its introduction in 1990. This review will discuss the recent advances in SELEX methods and their advantages and limitations. Aptamer applications are also briefly outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Bayat
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rahim Nosrati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Khedri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Kaur H. Recent developments in cell-SELEX technology for aptamer selection. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2323-2329. [PMID: 30059712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SELEX technique is employed to select aptamers against wide range of targets. The in vitro method of aptamer selection using live cells as the target is referred as cell-SELEX. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW The review provides a comprehensive description on the development of aptamers through various cell-SELEX methods and list of aptamers identified through this method. In addition, it pinpoints the advantages and limitations of the cell-SELEX process and its variants. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The use of aptamers as therapeutic and diagnostic agents is rapidly evolving, selection techniques such as Cell-SELEX could be beneficial in identifying aptamers when the target is in its native conformation and without prior information of the cognate target, thereby bringing the aptamer development one step closer to the clinic. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The information in this review can serve as a database for the design and development of futuristic oligonucleotide based diagnostics and therapeutics work.
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Ladju RB, Pascut D, Massi MN, Tiribelli C, Sukowati CHC. Aptamer: A potential oligonucleotide nanomedicine in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2951-2961. [PMID: 29416827 PMCID: PMC5788695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers with a high mortality rate. Late diagnosis and poor prognosis are still a major drawback since curative therapies such as liver resection and liver transplantation are effective only for an early stage HCC. Development of novel molecular targeting therapies against HCC may provide new options that will improve the efficiency of the diagnosis and the success of the therapy, thus ameliorating the life expectancy of the patients. The aptamer is an oligonucleotide nanomedicine that has high binding affinity and specificity to small and large target molecules in the intracellular and extracellular environment with agonist or antagonist function. Currently, several aptamers for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes are under development to recognize different molecules of HCC. In in vitro models, the aptamer has been shown to be able to reduce the growth of HCC cells and increase the sensitivity to conventional chemotherapies. In in vivo mouse models, aptamer could induce cell apoptosis with antitumor activity. Overall data had shown that aptamer has limited toxicity and might be safe in clinical application. This review summarizes recent information of aptamer as a potential oligonucleotide nanomedicine tool, in diagnostics, targeted therapy, and as drug delivery nano-vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusdina Bte Ladju
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, AREA Science Park Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Devis Pascut
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, AREA Science Park Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, AREA Science Park Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
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Recent Advances in SELEX Technology and Aptamer Applications in Biomedicine. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102142. [PMID: 29036890 PMCID: PMC5666824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are short DNA/RNA oligonucleotides capable of binding to target molecules with high affinity and specificity. The process of selecting an aptamer is called Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). Thanks to the inherit merits, aptamers have been used in a wide range of applications, including disease diagnosis, targeted delivery agents and therapeutic uses. To date, great achievements regarding the selection, modifications and application of aptamers have been made. However, few aptamer-based products have already successfully entered into clinical and industrial use. Besides, it is still a challenge to obtain aptamers with high affinity in a more efficient way. Thus, it is important to comprehensively review the current shortage and achievement of aptamer-related technology. In this review, we first present the limitations and notable advances of aptamer selection. Then, we compare the different methods used in the kinetic characterization of aptamers. We also discuss the impetus and developments of the clinical application of aptamers.
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Zhou G, Latchoumanin O, Bagdesar M, Hebbard L, Duan W, Liddle C, George J, Qiao L. Aptamer-Based Therapeutic Approaches to Target Cancer Stem Cells. Theranostics 2017; 7:3948-3961. [PMID: 29109790 PMCID: PMC5667417 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are believed to be a principal cellular source for tumour progression and therapeutic drug resistance as they are capable of self-renewal and can differentiate into cancer cells. Importantly, CSCs acquire the ability to evade the killing effects of cytotoxic agents through changes at the genetic, epigenetic and micro-environment levels. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs hold great potential as an avenue for cancer treatment. Aptamers or "chemical antibodies" are a group of single-stranded nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) oligonucleotides with distinctive properties such as smaller size, lower toxicity and less immunogenicity compared to conventional antibodies. They have been frequently used to deliver therapeutic payloads to cancer cells and have achieved encouraging anti-tumour effects. This review discusses progress in CSC evolution theory and the role of aptamers to target CSCs for cancer treatment. Challenges of aptamer-mediated CSC targeting approaches are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Olivier Latchoumanin
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Mary Bagdesar
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Lionel Hebbard
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centre for Comparative Genomics, The Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
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Catuogno S, Esposito CL. Aptamer Cell-Based Selection: Overview and Advances. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5030049. [PMID: 28805744 PMCID: PMC5618307 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are high affinity single-stranded DNA/RNA molecules, produced by a combinatorial procedure named SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment), that are emerging as promising diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Among selection strategies, procedures using living cells as complex targets (referred as "cell-SELEX") have been developed as an effective mean to generate aptamers for heavily modified cell surface proteins, assuring the binding of the target in its native conformation. Here we give an up-to-date overview on cell-SELEX technology, discussing the most recent advances with a particular focus on cancer cell targeting. Examples of the different protocol applications and post-SELEX strategies will be briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Catuogno
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale "G. Salvatore", CNR, Naples 80100, Italy.
| | - Carla Lucia Esposito
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale "G. Salvatore", CNR, Naples 80100, Italy.
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Selection and characterization of DNA aptamer against glucagon receptor by cell-SELEX. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7179. [PMID: 28775305 PMCID: PMC5543139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05840-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive secretion of glucagon, a functional insulin antagonist, significantly contributes to hyperglycemia. Glucagon exerts its physiological functions through activation of the glucagon receptor (GCGR). Inhibition of GCGR activity represents a potential therapeutic approach for reducing excess glucose production in diabetes mellitus. Aptamers are short DNA or RNA oligonucleotides evolved from systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). Here, we have successfully selected a DNA aptamer against GCGR by cell-SELEX, which can specifically bind membrane protein of CHO-GCGR cells with a Kd of 52.7 ± 5.1 nM. Aptamer-mediated pull-down and gcgr knockdown assay verified that GCGR was the target of aptamer GR-3. Binding analysis revealed that GR-3 could recognize other cells with different affinity according to the level of GCGR protein expressed in these cells. Hepatic tissue imaging suggested that GR-3 could bind the cell membrane of hepatic tissues. With the advantages of small size, high binding affinity, good stability, lack of immunogenicity, and easy synthesis, aptamer GR-3 against GCGR can be a promising tool with the potential to attenuate hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus.
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Abstract
Aptamers are nucleic acids referred to as chemical antibodies as they bind to their specific targets with high affinity and selectivity. They are selected via an iterative process known as ‘selective evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment’ (SELEX). Aptamers have been developed against numerous cancer targets and among them, many tumor cell-membrane protein biomarkers. The identification of aptamers targeting cell-surface proteins has mainly been performed by two different strategies: protein- and cell-based SELEX, when the targets used for selection were proteins and cells, respectively. This review aims to update the literature on aptamers targeting tumor cell surface protein biomarkers, highlighting potentials, pitfalls of protein- and cell-based selection processes and applications of such selected molecules. Aptamers as promising agents for diagnosis and therapeutic approaches in oncology are documented, as well as aptamers in clinical development.
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Chen M, Yu Y, Jiang F, Zhou J, Li Y, Liang C, Dang L, Lu A, Zhang G. Development of Cell-SELEX Technology and Its Application in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122079. [PMID: 27973403 PMCID: PMC5187879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) is a process involving the progressive isolation of high selective ssDNA/RNA from a combinatorial single-stranded oligonucleotide library through repeated rounds of binding, partitioning and amplification. SELEX-derived single-stranded DNA/RNA molecules, called aptamers, are selected against a wide range of targets, including purified proteins, live cells, tissues, microorganisms, small molecules and so on. With the development of SELEX technology over the last two decades, various modified SELEX processes have been arisen. A majority of aptamers are selected against purified proteins through traditional SELEX. Unfortunately, more and more evidence showed aptamers selected against purified membrane proteins failed to recognize their targets in live cells. Cell-SELEX could develop aptamers against a particular target cell line to discriminate this cell line from others. Therefore, cell-SELEX has been widely used to select aptamers for the application of both diagnosis and therapy of various diseases, especially for cancer. In this review, the advantages and limitations of cell-SELEX and SELEX against purified protein will be compared. Various modified cell-SELEX techniques will be summarized, and application of cell-SELEX in cancer diagnosis and therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Chen
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, HKBU (Haimen) Institute of Science and Technology, Haimen 226100, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China.
- Shenzhen Lab of Comninatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, HKBU (Haimen) Institute of Science and Technology, Haimen 226100, China.
- The State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Junwei Zhou
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Yongshu Li
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Chao Liang
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Lei Dang
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, HKBU (Haimen) Institute of Science and Technology, Haimen 226100, China.
- Shenzhen Lab of Comninatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong 999077, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, HKBU (Haimen) Institute of Science and Technology, Haimen 226100, China.
- Shenzhen Lab of Comninatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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Hassan EM, Willmore WG, DeRosa MC. Aptamers: Promising Tools for the Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells. Nucleic Acid Ther 2016; 26:335-347. [PMID: 27736306 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2016.0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells that shed from a primary tumor and freely circulate in the blood, retaining the ability to initiate metastasis and form a secondary tumor in distant organs in the body. CTCs reflect the molecular profile of the primary tumor, therefore studying CTCs can allow for an understanding of the mechanism of metastasis, and an opportunity to monitor the prognosis of cancer. Unfortunately, the detection of CTCs is a considerable challenge due to their low abundance in the bloodstream and the lack of consistent markers present to recognize these cells. The aim of this review is to summarize some of the aptamer-based affinity methods for the detection of CTCs. The basic biological concept of how metastasis occurs and the role of CTCs in this process are presented. Some methods of CTC detection employing antibodies or peptides are mentioned here for comparison. The review of present literature suggests that aptamers are emerging as competitive technology in the detection of CTCs, especially due to their unique properties, but there still remain several challenges to be met, including the need to improve the throughput and sensitivity of such methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Hassan
- 1 Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Energie, Materiaux Telecommunication , Quebec, Canada .,2 Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Maria C DeRosa
- 2 Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Canada .,3 Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Canada
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Mokhtarzadeh A, Tabarzad M, Ranjbari J, de la Guardia M, Hejazi M, Ramezani M. Aptamers as smart ligands for nano-carriers targeting. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Cell-targeting aptamers act as intracellular delivery vehicles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6955-69. [PMID: 27350620 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7686-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids or peptides identified from a randomized combinatorial library through specific interaction with the target of interest. Targets can be of any size, from small molecules to whole cells, attesting to the versatility of aptamers for binding a wide range of targets. Aptamers show drug properties that are analogous to antibodies, with high specificity and affinity to their target molecules. Aptamers can penetrate disease-causing microbial and mammalian cells. Generated aptamers that target surface biomarkers act as cell-targeting agents and intracellular delivery vehicles. Within this context, the "cell-internalizing aptamers" are widely investigated via the process of cell uptake with selective binding during in vivo systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) or by cell-internalization SELEX, which targets cell surface antigens to be receptors. These internalizing aptamers are highly preferable for the localization and functional analyses of multiple targets. In this overview, we discuss the ways by which internalizing aptamers are generated and their successful applications. Furthermore, theranostic approaches featuring cell-internalized aptamers are discussed with the purpose of analyzing and diagnosing disease-causing pathogens.
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Lee DS, Choi H, Han BS, Kim WK, Lee SC, Oh KJ, Bae KH. c-Jun regulates adipocyte differentiation via the KLF15-mediated mode. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 469:552-8. [PMID: 26692489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal adipocyte differentiation is implicated in the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type II diabetes. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with adipocyte differentiation is the first step in overcoming obesity and its related metabolic diseases. Here, we examined the role of c-Jun as a transcription factor in adipocyte differentiation. c-Jun overexpression in murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation. In addition, the expression level of KLF15, an upstream effector of the key adipogenic factors C/EBPα and PPARγ, was decreased upon the ectopic expression of c-Jun. We found that c-Jun inhibited basal and glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-induced promoter activities of KLF15. c-Jun directly bound near the glucocorticoid response element (GRE) sites in the KLF15 promoter and inhibited adjacent promoter occupancies of GR. Furthermore, the restoration of KLF15 expression in 3T3-L1 cells with the stable ectopic expression of c-Jun partially rescued adipocyte differentiation. Our results demonstrate that c-Jun can suppress adipocyte differentiation through the down-regulation of KLF15 at the transcriptional level. This study proposes a novel mechanism by which c-Jun regulates adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Lee
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Choi
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek Soo Han
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
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Jiang F, Liu B, Lu J, Li F, Li D, Liang C, Dang L, Liu J, He B, Badshah SA, Lu C, He X, Guo B, Zhang XB, Tan W, Lu A, Zhang G. Progress and Challenges in Developing Aptamer-Functionalized Targeted Drug Delivery Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23784-822. [PMID: 26473828 PMCID: PMC4632726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161023784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers, which can be screened via systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), are superior ligands for molecular recognition due to their high selectivity and affinity. The interest in the use of aptamers as ligands for targeted drug delivery has been increasing due to their unique advantages. Based on their different compositions and preparation methods, aptamer-functionalized targeted drug delivery systems can be divided into two main categories: aptamer-small molecule conjugated systems and aptamer-nanomaterial conjugated systems. In this review, we not only summarize recent progress in aptamer selection and the application of aptamers in these targeted drug delivery systems but also discuss the advantages, challenges and new perspectives associated with these delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Baptist University Branch of State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics of Hunan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Biao Liu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Baptist University Branch of State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics of Hunan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Baptist University Branch of State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics of Hunan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Fangfei Li
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Baptist University Branch of State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics of Hunan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Defang Li
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Baptist University Branch of State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics of Hunan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chao Liang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Baptist University Branch of State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics of Hunan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lei Dang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Baptist University Branch of State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics of Hunan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jin Liu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Baptist University Branch of State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics of Hunan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Bing He
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Baptist University Branch of State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics of Hunan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shaikh Atik Badshah
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Baptist University Branch of State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics of Hunan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Baptist University Branch of State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics of Hunan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Baptist University Branch of State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics of Hunan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Baosheng Guo
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Baptist University Branch of State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics of Hunan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China.
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China.
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China.
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Baptist University Branch of State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics of Hunan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Baptist University Branch of State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics of Hunan University, Hong Kong, China.
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Darmostuk M, Rimpelova S, Gbelcova H, Ruml T. Current approaches in SELEX: An update to aptamer selection technology. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1141-61. [PMID: 25708387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) is a well-established and efficient technology for the generation of oligonucleotides with a high target affinity. These SELEX-derived single stranded DNA and RNA molecules, called aptamers, were selected against various targets, such as proteins, cells, microorganisms, chemical compounds etc. They have a great potential in the use as novel antibodies, in cancer theragnostics and in biomedical research. Vast interest in aptamers stimulated continuous development of SELEX, which underwent numerous modifications since its first application in 1990. Novel modifications made the selection process more efficient, cost-effective and significantly less time-consuming. This article brings a comprehensive and up-to-date review of recent advances in SELEX methods and pinpoints advantages, main obstacles and limitations. The post-SELEX strategies and examples of application are also briefly outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Darmostuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Silvie Rimpelova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Gbelcova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic; Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, Bratislava 811 08, Slovak Republic.
| | - Tomas Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic.
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