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Yuan X, Wang Y, Li X, Zhong S, Zhou D, Lin X, Fang H, Yang Y, Wang M. Loss-of-function mutation in DDX53 associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia-like disorder. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:913-926. [PMID: 38753040 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
DEAD-box helicase 53 (DDX53) is a member of the DEAD-box protein family of RNA helicases. Unlike other family members that are responsible for RNA metabolism, the biological function of DDX53 and its impact on the human condition are unclear. Herein, we found a full-length DDX53 deletion mutation in a hereditary spastic paraplegia-like (HSP-like) patient with lower extremity spasticity, walking disorder, visual impairment, and lateral ventricular white matter lesions. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that DDX53 was mainly expressed in the cerebellar cortex and may function as a tissue-specific RNA helicase. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of multiple brain-associated genes involved in synapse organization, neuron function, and neuromuscular junctions was affected by DDX53 depletion. Moreover, RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) analysis showed that DDX53 interacted with 176 genes, and 96 of these genes were associated with the execution of neurofunction, particularly in the regulation of cell projection organization and nervous system development. Collectively, although a more specified cell or animal model is required to fully understand the functional role of DDX53 in the human brain, we report for the first time that the patient with DDX53 defects exhibits HSP-like symptoms and that DDX53 is essential for maintaining neuronal function, with loss-of-function mutation in DDX53 potentially leading to HSP due to impaired RNA metabolism in the nervous system. KEY MESSAGES: DDX53 deficiency was first reported to be associated with HSP disorder. DDX53 exhibited minimal impact on mitochondrial function. DDX53 impaired RNA metabolism in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangshu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiyuan Li
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianlong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hezhi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanling Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Maofeng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, 322100, Zhejiang, China.
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Yeon M, Kwon N, Jeoung J, Jeoung D. HDAC9 and miR-512 Regulate CAGE-Promoted Anti-Cancer Drug Resistance and Cellular Proliferation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5178-5193. [PMID: 38920983 PMCID: PMC11201674 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) is known to be upregulated in various cancers. Cancer-associated antigens (CAGEs) are cancer/testis antigens that play an important role in anti-cancer drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CAGEs and HDAC9 in relation to anti-cancer drug resistance. AGSR cells with an anti-cancer drug-resistant phenotype showed higher levels of CAGEs and HDAC9 than normal AGS cells. CAGEs regulated the expression of HDAC9 in AGS and AGSR cells. CAGEs directly regulated the expression of HDAC9. Rapamycin, an inducer of autophagy, increased HDAC9 expression in AGS, whereas chloroquine decreased HDAC9 expression in AGSR cells. The downregulation of HDAC9 decreased the autophagic flux, invasion, migration, and tumor spheroid formation potential in AGSR cells. The TargetScan analysis predicted that miR-512 was a negative regulator of HDAC9. An miR-512 mimic decreased expression levels of CAGEs and HDAC9. The miR-512 mimic also decreased the autophagic flux, invasion, migration, and tumor spheroid forming potential of AGSR cells. The culture medium of AGSR increased the expression of HDAC9 and autophagic flux in AGS. A human recombinant CAGE protein increased HDAC9 expression in AGS cells. AGSR cells displayed higher tumorigenic potential than AGS cells. Altogether, our results show that CAGE-HDAC9-miR-512 can regulate anti-cancer drug resistance, cellular proliferation, and autophagic flux. Our results can contribute to the understanding of the molecular roles of HDAC9 in anti-cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (N.K.); (J.J.)
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Tiwari M, Srivastava P, Abbas S, Jegatheesan J, Ranjan A, Sharma S, Maurya VP, Saxena AK, Sharma LK. Emerging Role of Autophagy in Governing Cellular Dormancy, Metabolic Functions, and Therapeutic Responses of Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2024; 13:447. [PMID: 38474411 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors are composed of heterogeneous populations of dysregulated cells that grow in specialized niches that support their growth and maintain their properties. Tumor heterogeneity and metastasis are among the major hindrances that exist while treating cancer patients, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Although the factors that determine tumor complexity remain largely unknown, several genotypic and phenotypic changes, including DNA mutations and metabolic reprograming provide cancer cells with a survival advantage over host cells and resistance to therapeutics. Furthermore, the presence of a specific population of cells within the tumor mass, commonly known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), is thought to initiate tumor formation, maintenance, resistance, and recurrence. Therefore, these CSCs have been investigated in detail recently as potential targets to treat cancer and prevent recurrence. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in CSC proliferation, self-renewal, and dormancy may provide important clues for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Autophagy, a catabolic process, has long been recognized to regulate various physiological and pathological processes. In addition to regulating cancer cells, recent studies have identified a critical role for autophagy in regulating CSC functions. Autophagy is activated under various adverse conditions and promotes cellular maintenance, survival, and even cell death. Thus, it is intriguing to address whether autophagy promotes or inhibits CSC functions and whether autophagy modulation can be used to regulate CSC functions, either alone or in combination. This review describes the roles of autophagy in the regulation of metabolic functions, proliferation and quiescence of CSCs, and its role during therapeutic stress. The review further highlights the autophagy-associated pathways that could be used to regulate CSCs. Overall, the present review will help to rationalize various translational approaches that involve autophagy-mediated modulation of CSCs in controlling cancer progression, metastasis, and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna 801507, India
| | - Pransu Srivastava
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Sabiya Abbas
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Janani Jegatheesan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna 801507, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna 801507, India
| | - Sadhana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna 801507, India
| | - Ved Prakash Maurya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Saxena
- Department of Pathology/Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna 801507, India
| | - Lokendra Kumar Sharma
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow 226014, India
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Busselez J, Uzbekov RE, Franco B, Pancione M. New insights into the centrosome-associated spliceosome components as regulators of ciliogenesis and tissue identity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1776. [PMID: 36717357 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are membrane-less assemblies of proteins and nucleic acids. Centrosomes are biomolecular condensates that play a crucial role in nuclear division, cytoskeletal remodeling, and cilia formation in animal cells. Spatial omics technology is providing new insights into the dynamic exchange of spliceosome components between the nucleus and the centrosome/cilium. Intriguingly, centrosomes are emerging as cytoplasmic sites for information storage, enriched with RNA molecules and RNA-processing proteins. Furthermore, growing evidence supports the view that nuclear spliceosome components assembled at the centrosome function as potential coordinators of splicing subprograms, pluripotency, and cell differentiation. In this article, we first discuss the current understanding of the centrosome/cilium complex, which controls both stem cell differentiation and pluripotency. We next explore the molecular mechanisms that govern splicing factor assembly and disassembly around the centrosome and examine how RNA processing pathways contribute to ciliogenesis. Finally, we discuss numerous unresolved compelling questions regarding the centrosome-associated spliceosome components and transcript variants within the cytoplasm as sources of RNA-based secondary messages in the regulation of cell identity and cell fate determination. This article is categorized under: RNA-Based Catalysis > RNA Catalysis in Splicing and Translation RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing RNA Processing > RNA Processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Busselez
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Rustem E Uzbekov
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM, School of Advanced Studies), Genomics and Experimental Medicine program, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Pancione
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Song S, Wang L, Jiang X, Liu X, Li S, Xie S, Lu D. CircHULC accelerates the growth of human liver cancer stem cells by enhancing chromatin reprogramming and chromosomal instability via autophagy. Cell Signal 2023:110772. [PMID: 37321526 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although CircHULC was overexpressed in several cancers, the role of CircHULC in malignancies has yet to be elucidated. METHODS Gene infection, tumorigenesis test in vitro and in vivo and the signaling pathway analysis were performed. RESULTS our results indicate that CircHULC promotes growth of human liver cancer stem cells and the malignant differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells. Mechanistically, CircHULC enhances the methylation modification of PKM2 via CARM1 and the deacetylase Sirt1. Moreover, CircHULC enhances the binding ability of TP53INP2/DOR with LC3 and LC3 with ATG4, ATG3, ATG5, ATG12. Therefore, CircHULC promotes the formation of autophagosomes. In particular, the binding ability of phosphorylated Beclin1 (Ser14) to Vps15, Vps34, ATG14L were significantly increased after CircHULC was overexpressed. Strikingly, CircHULC affects the expression of chromatin reprogramming factors and oncogenes through autophagy. Thereafter, Oct4, Sox2, KLF4, Nanog, and GADD45 were significantly decreased and C-myc was increased after CircHULC was overexpressed. Thus, CircHULC promotes the expression of H-Ras, SGK, P70S6K, 4E-BP1, Jun, and AKT. Interestingly, both CARM1 and Sirt1 determine the cancerous function of CircHULC dependent on autophagy. CONCLUSIONS we shed light on the fact that the targeted attenuation of deregulated functioning of CircHULC could be a viable approach for cancer treatment, and CircHULC may acts as the potential biomarker and therapeutic target for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Song
- Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoxue Jiang
- Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shujie Li
- Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sijie Xie
- Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dongdong Lu
- Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Hashemi M, Paskeh MDA, Orouei S, Abbasi P, Khorrami R, Dehghanpour A, Esmaeili N, Ghahremanzade A, Zandieh MA, Peymani M, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Entezari M, Hushmandi K. Towards dual function of autophagy in breast cancer: A potent regulator of tumor progression and therapy response. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114546. [PMID: 36958191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As a devastating disease, breast cancer has been responsible for decrease in life expectancy of females and its morbidity and mortality are high. Breast cancer is the most common tumor in females and its treatment has been based on employment of surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The changes in biological behavior of breast tumor relies on genomic and epigenetic mutations and depletions as well as dysregulation of molecular mechanisms that autophagy is among them. Autophagy function can be oncogenic in increasing tumorigenesis, and when it has pro-death function, it causes reduction in viability of tumor cells. The carcinogenic function of autophagy in breast tumor is an impediment towards effective therapy of patients, as it can cause drug resistance and radio-resistance. The important hallmarks of breast tumor such as glucose metabolism, proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis can be regulated by autophagy. Oncogenic autophagy can inhibit apoptosis, while it promotes stemness of breast tumor. Moreover, autophagy demonstrates interaction with tumor microenvironment components such as macrophages and its level can be regulated by anti-tumor compounds in breast tumor therapy. The reasons of considering autophagy in breast cancer therapy is its pleiotropic function, dual role (pro-survival and pro-death) and crosstalk with important molecular mechanisms such as apoptosis. Moreover, current review provides a pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of autophagy in breast tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Orouei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Abbasi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Dehghanpour
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Esmaeili
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Ghahremanzade
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Amer NN, Khairat R, Hammad AM, Kamel MM. DDX43 mRNA expression and protein levels in relation to clinicopathological profile of breast cancer. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284455. [PMID: 37200388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most often diagnosed cancer in women globally. Cancer cells appear to rely heavily on RNA helicases. DDX43 is one of DEAD- box RNA helicase family members. But, the relationship between clinicopathological, prognostic significance in different BC subtypes and DDX43 expression remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the clinicopathological significance of DDX43 protein and mRNA expression in different BC subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 80 females newly diagnosed with BC and 20 control females that were age-matched were recruited for this study. DDX43 protein levels were measured by ELISA technique. We used a real-time polymerase chain reaction quantification (real-time PCR) to measure the levels of DDX43 mRNA expression. Levels of DDX43 protein and mRNA expression within BC patients had been compared to those of control subjects and correlated with clinicopathological data. RESULTS The mean normalized serum levels of DDX43 protein were slightly higher in control than in both benign and malignant groups, but this result was non-significant. The mean normalized level of DDX43 mRNA expression was higher in the control than in both benign and malignant cases, although the results were not statistically significant and marginally significant, respectively. Moreover, the mean normalized level of DDX43 mRNA expression was significantly higher in benign than in malignant cases. In malignant cases, low DDX43 protein expression was linked to higher nuclear grade and invasive duct carcinoma (IDC), whereas high mRNA expression was linked to the aggressive types of breast cancer such as TNBC, higher tumor and nuclear grades. CONCLUSION This study explored the potential of using blood DDX43 mRNA expression or protein levels, or both in clinical settings as a marker of disease progression in human breast cancer. DDX43 mRNA expression proposes a less invasive method for discriminating benign from malignant BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha N Amer
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab Khairat
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genomic Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal M Hammad
- Faculty of medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Kamel
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
- Baheya Centre for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Giza, Egypt
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Yin Y, Zhou Y, Yang X, Xu Z, Yang B, Luo P, Yan H, He Q. The participation of non-canonical autophagic proteins in the autophagy process and their potential as therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:71-86. [PMID: 36735300 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2177151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that helps recycle intracellular components to maintain homeostasis. The completion of autophagy requires the synergistic effect of multiple canonical autophagic proteins. Defects in autophagy machinery have been reported to promote diseases, rendering autophagy a bone fide health-modifying agent. However, the clinical implication of canonical pan-autophagic activators or inhibitors has often led to undesirable side effects, making it urgent to find a safer autophagy-related therapeutic target. The discovery of non-canonical autophagic proteins has been found to specifically affect the development of diseases without causing a universal impact on autophagy and has shed light on finding a safer way to utilize autophagy in the therapeutic context. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes recently discovered non-canonical autophagic proteins, how these proteins influence autophagy, and their potential therapeutic role in the disease due to their interaction with autophagy. EXPERT OPINION Several therapies have been studied thus far and continued research is needed to identify the potential that non-canonical autophagic proteins have for treating certain diseases. In the meantime, continue to uncover new non-canonical autophagic proteins and examine which are likely to have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yourong Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Jo H, Shim K, Jeoung D. Potential of the miR-200 Family as a Target for Developing Anti-Cancer Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115881. [PMID: 35682560 PMCID: PMC9180509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (18–24 nucleotides) that play significant roles in cell proliferation, development, invasion, cancer development, cancer progression, and anti-cancer drug resistance. miRNAs target multiple genes and play diverse roles. miRNAs can bind to the 3′UTR of target genes and inhibit translation or promote the degradation of target genes. miR-200 family miRNAs mostly act as tumor suppressors and are commonly decreased in cancer. The miR-200 family has been reported as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic marker. This review discusses the clinical value of the miR-200 family, focusing on the role of the miR-200 family in the development of cancer and anti-cancer drug resistance. This review also provides an overview of the factors that regulate the expression of the miR-200 family, targets of miR-200 family miRNAs, and the mechanism of anti-cancer drug resistance regulated by the miR-200 family.
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The role of autophagy in the metabolism and differentiation of stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Xiong S, Liu W. Role of metformin in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:364-373. [PMID: 35545330 PMCID: PMC10930065 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.210118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Although there are many options for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, such as surgical resection, interventional therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and liver transplantation, the poor therapeutic effect seriously reduces the quality of life for patients and also increases the social and economic burden. Metformin is originally used as the first-line drug for type 2 diabetes, but it has been found to play a certain effect in the prevention and treatment of malignant tumor. The potential roles of metformin against hepatocellular carcinoma, such as regulation of the microenvironment, proliferation signal pathway, metabolism, invasion and metastasis, apoptosis, autophagy, and epigenetics of hepatoma cells. It provides a new choice for the prevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shize Xiong
- First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University; Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University; Department of Gastroenterology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang Hubei 443000, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University; Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University; Department of Gastroenterology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang Hubei 443000, China.
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12
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Nuclear factor I-C disrupts cellular homeostasis between autophagy and apoptosis via miR-200b-Ambra1 in neural tube defects. Cell Death Dis 2021; 13:17. [PMID: 34930914 PMCID: PMC8688449 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired autophagy and excessive apoptosis disrupt cellular homeostasis and contribute to neural tube defects (NTDs), which are a group of fatal and disabling birth defects caused by the failure of neural tube closure during early embryonic development. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying NTDs and outcomes remain elusive. Here, we report the role of the transcription factor nuclear factor I-C (NFIC) in maintaining cellular homeostasis in NTDs. We demonstrated that abnormally elevated levels of NFIC in a mouse model of NTDs can interact with the miR-200b promoter, leading to the activation of the transcription of miR-200b, which plays a critical role in NTD formation, as reported in our previous study. Furthermore, miR-200b represses autophagy and triggers apoptosis by directly targeting the autophagy-related gene Ambra1 (Autophagy/Beclin1 regulator 1). Notably, miR-200b inhibitors mitigate the unexpected effects of NFIC on autophagy and apoptosis. Collectively, these results indicate that the NFIC-miR-200b-Ambra1 axis, which integrates transcription- and epigenome-regulated miRNAs and an autophagy regulator, disrupts cellular homeostasis during the closure of the neural tube, and may provide new insight into NTD pathogenesis.
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13
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Kim JH, Verwilst P, Won M, Lee J, Sessler JL, Han J, Kim JS. A Small Molecule Strategy for Targeting Cancer Stem Cells in Hypoxic Microenvironments and Preventing Tumorigenesis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14115-14124. [PMID: 34374290 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer consists of heterogenic subpopulations, which determine the prognosis and response to chemotherapy. Among these subpopulations, a very limited number of cancer cells are particularly problematic. These cells, known as breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), are thought responsible for metastasis and recurrence. They are thus major contributor to the unfavorable outcomes seen for many breast cancer patients. BCSCs are more prevalent in the hypoxic niche. This is an oxygen-deprived environment that is considered crucial to their proliferation, stemness, and self-renewal but also one that makes BCSCs highly refractory to traditional chemotherapeutic regimens. Here we report a small molecule construct, AzCDF, that allows the therapeutic targeting of BCSCs and which is effective in normally refractory hypoxic tumor environments. A related system, AzNap, has been developed that permits CSC imaging. Several design elements are incorporated into AzCDF, including the CAIX inhibitor acetazolamide (Az) to promote localization in MDA-MB-231 CSCs, a dimethylnitrothiophene subunit as a hypoxia trigger, and a 3,4-difluorobenzylidene curcumin (CDF) as a readily released therapeutic payload. This allows AzCDF to serve as a hypoxia-liable molecular platform that targets BCSCs selectively which decreases CSC migration, retards tumor growth, and lowers tumorigenesis rates as evidenced by a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a CSC-targeting small molecule has been shown to prevent tumorigenesis in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Peter Verwilst
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Miae Won
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Junhyoung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hyupsung University, Hwasung-si 18330, Korea
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jiyou Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hyupsung University, Hwasung-si 18330, Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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14
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Yeon M, Kim Y, Pathak D, Kwon E, Kim DY, Jeong MS, Jung HS, Jeoung D. The CAGE-MiR-181b-5p-S1PR1 Axis Regulates Anticancer Drug Resistance and Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:666387. [PMID: 34113619 PMCID: PMC8185229 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.666387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated gene (CAGE), a cancer/testis antigen, has been known to promote anticancer drug resistance. Since the underlying mechanisms of CAGE-promoted anticancer drug resistance are poorly understood, we established Anticancer drug-resistant gastric cancer cells (AGSR) to better elucidate possible mechanisms. AGSR showed an increased expression level of CAGE and autophagic flux compared with anticancer drug-sensitive parental gastric cancer cells (AGS cells). AGSR cells showed higher invasion potential, growth rate, tumor spheroid formation, and angiogenic potential than AGS cells. CAGE exerted effects on the response to anticancer drugs and autophagic flux. CAGE was shown to bind to Beclin1, a mediator of autophagy. Overexpression of CAGE increased autophagic flux and invasion potential but inhibited the cleavage of PARP in response to anticancer drugs in CAGE CRISPR–Cas9 cell lines. TargetScan analysis was utilized to predict the binding of miR-302b-5p to the promoter sequences of CAGE, and the results show that miR-302b-5p directly regulated CAGE expression as illustrated by luciferase activity. MiR-302b-5p regulated autophagic flux and the response to anticancer drugs. CAGE was shown to bind the promoter sequences of miR-302b-5p. The culture medium of AGSR cells increased CAGE expression and autophagic flux in AGS cells. ImmunoEM showed CAGE was present in the exosomes of AGSR cells; exosomes of AGSR cells and human recombinant CAGE protein increased CAGE expression, autophagic flux, and resistance to anticancer drugs in AGS cells. MicroRNA array revealed miR-181b-5p as a potential negative regulator of CAGE. MiR-181b-5p inhibitor increased the expression of CAGE and autophagic flux in addition to preventing anticancer drugs from cleaving poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in AGS cells. TargetScan analysis predicted sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (SIPR1) as a potential target for miR-181b-5p. CAGE showed binding to the promoter sequences of S1PR1. The downregulation or inhibition of S1PR1 led to decreased autophagic flux but enhanced the sensitivity to anticancer drugs in AGSR cells. This study presents a novel role of the CAGE–miR-181b-5p–S1PR1 axis in anticancer drug resistance and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Yeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Deepak Pathak
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Eunju Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Dong Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Myeong Seon Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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15
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Sandiford OA, Donnelly RJ, El-Far MH, Burgmeyer LM, Sinha G, Pamarthi SH, Sherman LS, Ferrer AI, DeVore DE, Patel SA, Naaldijk Y, Alonso S, Barak P, Bryan M, Ponzio NM, Narayanan R, Etchegaray JP, Kumar R, Rameshwar P. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Secreted Extracellular Vesicles Instruct Stepwise Dedifferentiation of Breast Cancer Cells into Dormancy at the Bone Marrow Perivascular Region. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1567-1582. [PMID: 33500249 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the bone marrow (BM), breast cancer cells (BCC) can survive in dormancy for decades as cancer stem cells (CSC), resurging as tertiary metastasis. The endosteal region where BCCs exist as CSCs poses a challenge to target them, mostly due to the coexistence of endogenous hematopoietic stem cells. This study addresses the early period of dormancy when BCCs enter BM at the perivascular region to begin the transition into CSCs, which we propose as the final step in dormancy. A two-step process comprises the Wnt-β-catenin pathway mediating BCC dedifferentiation into CSCs at the BM perivascular niche. At this site, BCCs responded to two types of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-released extracellular vesicles (EV) that may include exosomes. Early released EVs began the transition into cycling quiescence, DNA repair, and reorganization into distinct BCC subsets. After contact with breast cancer, the content of EVs changed (primed) to complete dedifferentiation into a more homogeneous population with CSC properties. BCC progenitors (Oct4alo), which are distant from CSCs in a hierarchical stratification, were sensitive to MSC EVs. Despite CSC function, Oct4alo BCCs expressed multipotent pathways similar to CSCs. Oct4alo BCCs dedifferentiated and colocalized with MSCs (murine and human BM) in vivo. Overall, these findings elucidate a mechanism of early dormancy at the BM perivascular region and provide evidence of epigenome reorganization as a potential new therapy for breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings describe how the initial process of dormancy and dedifferentiation of breast cancer cells at the bone marrow perivascular niche requires mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, indicating a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleta A Sandiford
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.,Deptartment of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Robert J Donnelly
- Deptartment of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Markos H El-Far
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.,Deptartment of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Lisa M Burgmeyer
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.,Deptartment of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Garima Sinha
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.,Deptartment of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Sri Harika Pamarthi
- Deptartment of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Lauren S Sherman
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.,Deptartment of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Alejandra I Ferrer
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.,Deptartment of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Dariana E DeVore
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Shyam A Patel
- Deptartment of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, University of Massachusetts Memorial Center, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Yahaira Naaldijk
- Deptartment of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Sara Alonso
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.,Deptartment of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | | | - Margarette Bryan
- Deptartment of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Nicholas M Ponzio
- Deptartment of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Deptartment of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.,Cancer Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey. .,Deptartment of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
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16
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Zhao MM, Wang RS, Zhou YL, Yang ZG. Emerging relationship between RNA helicases and autophagy. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:767-778. [PMID: 33043643 PMCID: PMC7606199 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
RNA helicases, the largest family of proteins that participate in RNA metabolism, stabilize the intracellular environment through various processes, such as translation and pre-RNA splicing. These proteins are also involved in some diseases, such as cancers and viral diseases. Autophagy, a self-digestive and cytoprotective trafficking process in which superfluous organelles and cellular garbage are degraded to stabilize the internal environment or maintain basic cellular survival, is associated with human diseases. Interestingly, similar to autophagy, RNA helicases play important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and are related to many types of diseases. According to recent studies, RNA helicases are closely related to autophagy, participate in regulating autophagy, or serve as a bridge between autophagy and other cellular activities that widely regulate some pathophysiological processes or the development and progression of diseases. Here, we summarize the most recent studies to understand how RNA helicases function as regulatory proteins and determine their association with autophagy in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-miao Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ru-sha Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yan-lin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zheng-gang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
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17
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Alemohammad H, Asadzadeh Z, Motafakker Azad R, Hemmat N, Najafzadeh B, Vasefifar P, Najafi S, Baradaran B. Signaling pathways and microRNAs, the orchestrators of NANOG activity during cancer induction. Life Sci 2020; 260:118337. [PMID: 32841661 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small part of cancer cells inside the tumor that have similar characteristics to normal stem cells. CSCs stimulate tumor initiation and progression in a variety of cancers. Several transcription factors such as NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4 maintain the characteristics of CSCs and their upregulation is seen in many malignancies resulting in increased metastasis, invasion, and recurrence. Among these factors, NANOG plays an important role in regulating the self-renewal and pluripotency of CSCs and the clinical significance of NANOG has been suggested as a marker of CSCs in many cancers. The up and down-regulation of NANOG is associated with several important signaling pathways, including JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, TGF-β, Hedgehog, and several microRNAs (miRNAs). In this review, we will investigate the function of NANOG in CSCs and the molecular mechanism of its regulation by signaling pathways and miRNAs. We will also investigate targeting NANOG with different techniques, which is a promising treatment strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Alemohammad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Basira Najafzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Vasefifar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Souzan Najafi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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18
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Welberry C, Macdonald I, McElveen J, Parsy-Kowalska C, Allen J, Healey G, Irving W, Murray A, Chapman C. Tumor-associated autoantibodies in combination with alpha-fetoprotein for detection of early stage hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232247. [PMID: 32374744 PMCID: PMC7202612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to be a leading challenge in modern oncology. Early detection via blood-based screening tests has the potential to cause a stage-shift at diagnosis and improve clinical outcomes. Tumor associated autoantibodies (TA-AAbs) have previously shown the ability to distinguish HCC from patients with high-risk liver disease. This research aimed to further show the utility of TA-AAbs as biomarkers of HCC and assess their use in combination with Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for detection of HCC across multiple tumor stages. METHODS Levels of circulating G class antibodies to 44 recombinant tumor associated antigens and circulating AFP were measured in the serum of patients with HCC, non-cancerous chronic liver disease (NCCLD) and healthy controls via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TA-AAb cut-offs were set at the highest Youden's J statistic at a specificity ≥95.00%. Panels of TA-AAbs were formed using net reclassification improvement. AFP was assessed at a cut-off of 200 ng/ml. RESULTS Sensitivities ranged from 1.01% to 12.24% at specificities of 95.96% to 100.00% for single TA-AAbs. An ELISA test measuring a panel of 10 of these TA-AAbs achieved a combined sensitivity of 36.73% at a specificity of 89.89% when distinguishing HCC from NCCLD controls. At a cut-off of 200 ng/ml, AFP achieved a sensitivity of 31.63% at a specificity of 100.00% in the same cohort. Combination of the TA-AAb panel with AFP significantly increased the sensitivity for stage one (40.00%) and two (55.00%) HCC over the TA-AAb panel or AFP alone. CONCLUSIONS A panel of TA-AAbs in combination with AFP could be clinically relevant as a replacement for measuring levels of AFP alone in surveillance and diagnosis strategies. The increased early stage sensitivity could lead to a stage shift with positive prognostic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Welberry
- Oncimmune ltd, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: ,
| | | | | | | | - Jared Allen
- Oncimmune ltd, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - William Irving
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Caroline Chapman
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Bowel Cancer Screening Program, Nottingham University NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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19
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Kang R, Zeh H, Lotze M, Tang D. The Multifaceted Effects of Autophagy on the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1225:99-114. [PMID: 32030650 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35727-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is composed of cancer cells, noncancer cells (e.g., immune cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells, and adipocytes), and various mediators (e.g., cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and humoral factors) that work together to support cancer growth, progression, and resistance to therapies. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation mechanism by which various cytosolic cargos (e.g., damaged organelles, unused molecules, or invaded pathogens) are engulfed by double-membrane autophagosomes, and then delivered into the lysosome for degradation and recycling. The level of autophagy is a crucial threshold to either promote cell survival or induce cell death in response to environmental stresses. Autophagy plays a context-dependent role in tumorigenesis and anticancer therapy via shaping the inflammatory, hypoxic, immunosuppressive, and metabolic tumor microenvironment. In particular, impaired autophagy flux is associated with chronic inflammation, immunosuppression, stromal formation, cancer stemness, angiogenesis, metastasis, and metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment. Understanding the molecular machinery of autophagy and its communication with hallmarks of cancer could lead to potential new anticancer strategies or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Herbert Zeh
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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20
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Tong H, Li T, Qiu W, Zhu Z. Claudin-1 silencing increases sensitivity of liver cancer HepG2 cells to 5-fluorouracil by inhibiting autophagy. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5709-5716. [PMID: 31788043 PMCID: PMC6865833 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common cancer types globally. However, the acquisition of drug resistance limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy and commonly results in metastasis. Therefore, an effective therapeutic approach to target chemoresistance-associated cellular molecules is imperative. Claudin-1 (CLDN1) has previously been reported to be associated with the development of drug resistance. The present study investigated the effect of CLDN1 on the sensitivity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant liver cancer cells. Firstly, a 5-FU-resistant HepG2 liver cancer cell line (Hep/5FU) was developed by continuous 5-FU treatment. MTT proliferation, Transwell and Matrigel assays indicated that Hep/5FU cells were significantly resistant to 5-FU, and demonstrated increased migration and invasion abilities, compared with parental HepG2 cells. Furthermore, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis indicated that mRNA and protein expression levels of CLDN1 were significantly increased in Hep/5FU cells, compared with HepG2 cells. CLDN1 was knocked down by transfection with small interference RNA. MTT and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide assays demonstrated that CLDN1 silencing significantly inhibits proliferation and enhances apoptosis induced by 5-FU treatment in Hep/5FU cells, compared with non-silenced Hep/5FU cells. Additionally, CLDN1 silencing attenuated the migration and invasion capabilities of Hep/5FU cells. In addition, it was identified that CLDN1 silencing decreased drug resistance by inhibiting autophagy, which was associated with a decrease in the ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-II/LC3-I and upregulation of P62. A cell proliferation assay revealed that the addition of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine decreased drug resistance of Hep/5FU cells. By contrast, incubation with the autophagy agonist Rapamycin elevated drug resistance of CLDN1-silenced Hep/5FU cells. In summary, these data indicate that CLDN1 may be a potential target for resensitizing resistant liver cancer HepG2 cells to 5-FU by regulating cell autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Zhecheng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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21
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Kwon Y, Kim M, Jung HS, Kim Y, Jeoung D. Targeting Autophagy for Overcoming Resistance to Anti-EGFR Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091374. [PMID: 31527477 PMCID: PMC6769649 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays critical roles in cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, and anti-cancer drug resistance. Overexpression and somatic mutations of EGFR result in enhanced cancer cell survival. Therefore, EGFR can be a target for the development of anti-cancer therapy. Patients with cancers, including non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), have been shown to response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and anti-EGFR antibodies. However, resistance to these anti-EGFR treatments has developed. Autophagy has emerged as a potential mechanism involved in the acquired resistance to anti-EGFR treatments. Anti-EGFR treatments can induce autophagy and result in resistance to anti-EGFR treatments. Autophagy is a programmed catabolic process stimulated by various stimuli. It promotes cellular survival under these stress conditions. Under normal conditions, EGFR-activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling inhibits autophagy while EGFR/rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS)/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling promotes autophagy. Thus, targeting autophagy may overcome resistance to anti-EGFR treatments. Inhibitors targeting autophagy and EGFR signaling have been under development. In this review, we discuss crosstalk between EGFR signaling and autophagy. We also assess whether autophagy inhibition, along with anti-EGFR treatments, might represent a promising approach to overcome resistance to anti-EGFR treatments in various cancers. In addition, we discuss new developments concerning anti-autophagy therapeutics for overcoming resistance to anti-EGFR treatments in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea.
| | - Misun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea.
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea.
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 24251, Korea.
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea.
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22
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Klinge CM, Piell KM, Tooley CS, Rouchka EC. HNRNPA2/B1 is upregulated in endocrine-resistant LCC9 breast cancer cells and alters the miRNA transcriptome when overexpressed in MCF-7 cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9430. [PMID: 31263129 PMCID: PMC6603045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are dysregulated in breast cancer. Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (HNRNPA2/B1) is a reader of the N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) mark in primary-miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) and promotes DROSHA processing to precursor-miRNAs (pre-miRNAs). We examined the expression of writers, readers, and erasers of m6A and report that HNRNPA2/B1 expression is higher in tamoxifen-resistant LCC9 breast cancer cells as compared to parental, tamoxifen-sensitive MCF-7 cells. To examine how increased expression of HNRNPA2/B1 affects miRNA expression, HNRNPA2/B1 was transiently overexpressed (~5.4-fold) in MCF-7 cells for whole genome miRNA profiling (miRNA-seq). 148 and 88 miRNAs were up- and down-regulated, respectively, 48 h after transfection and 177 and 172 up- and down-regulated, respectively, 72 h after transfection. MetaCore Enrichment analysis identified progesterone receptor action and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling via miRNA in breast cancer as pathways downstream of the upregulated miRNAs and TGFβ signaling via SMADs and Notch signaling as pathways of the downregulated miRNAs. GO biological processes for mRNA targets of HNRNPA2/B1-regulated miRNAs included response to estradiol and cell-substrate adhesion. qPCR confirmed HNRNPA2B1 downregulation of miR-29a-3p, miR-29b-3p, and miR-222 and upregulation of miR-1266-5p, miR-1268a, miR-671-3p. Transient overexpression of HNRNPA2/B1 reduced MCF-7 sensitivity to 4-hydroxytamoxifen and fulvestrant, suggesting a role for HNRNPA2/B1 in endocrine-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| | - Kellianne M Piell
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Christine Schaner Tooley
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Bioinformatics and Biomedical Computing Laboratory, Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
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Yeon M, Byun J, Kim H, Kim M, Jung HS, Jeon D, Kim Y, Jeoung D. CAGE Binds to Beclin1, Regulates Autophagic Flux and CAGE-Derived Peptide Confers Sensitivity to Anti-cancer Drugs in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2018; 8:599. [PMID: 30619741 PMCID: PMC6296237 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the role of CAGE, a cancer/testis antigen, in resistance of non-small cell lung cancers to anti-cancer drugs. Erlotinib-resistant PC-9 cells (PC-9/ER) with EGFR mutations (ex 19 del + T790M of EGFR), showed higher level of autophagic flux than parental sensitive PC-9 cells. Erlotinib and osimertinib increased autophagic flux and induced the binding of CAGE to Beclin1 in PC-9 cells. The inhibition or induction of autophagy regulated the binding of CAGE to Beclin1 and the responses to anti-cancer drugs. CAGE showed binding to HER2 while HER2 was necessary for binding of CAGE to Beclin1. CAGE was responsible for high level of autophagic flux and resistance to anti-cancer drugs in PC-9/ER cells. A peptide corresponding to the DEAD box domain of CAGE, 266AQTGTGKT273, enhanced the sensitivity of PC-9/ER cells to erlotinib and osimertinib, inhibited the binding of CAGE to Beclin1 and regulated autophagic flux in PC-9/ER cells. Mutant CAGE-derived peptide 266AQTGTGAT273 or 266AQTGTGKA273 did not affect autophagic flux or the binding of CAGE to Beclin1. AQTGTGKT peptide showed binding to CAGE, but not to Beclin1. FITC-AQTGTGKT peptide showed co-localization with CAGE. AQTGTGKT peptide decreased tumorigenic potentials of PC-9/ER and H1975 cells, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with EGFR mutation (L885R/T790M), by inhibiting autophagic fluxand inhibiting the binding of CAGE to Beclin1. AQTGTGKT peptide also enhanced the sensitivity of H1975 cells to anti-cancer drugs. AQTGTGKT peptide showed tumor homing potential based on ex vivo homing assays of xenograft of H1975 cells. AQTGTGKT peptide restored expression levels of miR-143-3p and miR-373-5p, decreased autophagic flux and conferred sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs. These results present evidence that combination of anti-cancer drug with CAGE-derived peptide could overcome resistance of non-small cell lung cancers to anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Yeon
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, South Korea
| | - Jaewhan Byun
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, South Korea
| | - Hyuna Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, South Korea
| | - Misun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, South Korea
| | | | - Youngmi Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, South Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, South Korea
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Role of DDX53 in taxol-resistance of cervix cancer cells in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:641-647. [PMID: 30454700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer/Testis antigen DDX53 shows high expression level in various tumors and is involved in anti-cancer drug resistance. However, the functional study of DDX53 in cervix cancer remains unknown. In this study, the role of DDX53 in taxol-resistance of cervix cancer cells was investigated. In taxol-resistant HelaTR cells, DDX53 was significantly increased as compared to the parental HeLa cells. HelaTR cells also showed upregulation of multidrug resistant gene MDR1, invasive characteristics and decreased apoptosis. In addition, increased autophagy level was observed in HelaTR cells. Overexpression of DDX53 in HeLa and SiHa markedly led to greater resistance to taxol and cisplatin, whereas knockdown of DDX53 in HelaTR cells restored sensitivity, demonstrating that DDX53 regulated taxol resistance in cervix cancer cells. DDX53 overexpression in HeLa and SiHa cells enhanced invasion, migration and anchorage independent growth, DDX53 knockdown showed inverse effects in HeLaTR cells. When DDX53 expression was suppressed by siRNA, autophagic flux and drug resistance of HelaTR cells were decreased. In addition, DDX53 was upregulated in cervix cancer tissues from patient with a glassy cell carcinoma of cervix. Taken together, these results suggest that DDX53 plays a critical role in taxol-resistance by activating autophagy and a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of taxol-resistant cervix cancer.
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Lei L, Xie J, Yu J, Li Y, Liu Y. Parallel study on protein O-GlcNAcylation in prostate cancer cell with a sensitive microarray biochip. Anal Biochem 2018; 558:53-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Yang Y, Jiang C, Yang Y, Guo L, Huang J, Liu X, Wu C, Zou J. Silencing of LncRNA-HOTAIR decreases drug resistance of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer cells by inactivating autophagy via suppressing the phosphorylation of ULK1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:1003-1010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Peng Q, Qin J, Zhang Y, Cheng X, Wang X, Lu W, Xie X, Zhang S. Autophagy maintains the stemness of ovarian cancer stem cells by FOXA2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:171. [PMID: 29187221 PMCID: PMC5707869 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are regarded as the main cell type responsible for the initiation, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence of cancer. But the mechanism by which cancer stem cells maintain their stemness remains unclear. Methods and Results In the present study, ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) were revealed to have an enhanced autophagic flux. Furthermore, their chemoresistance and ability to self-renewal in vitro were decreased when autophagy was inhibited by Bafilomycin A1(BafA1), Chloroquine(CQ) or autophagy related 5(ATG5) knockdown. PCR array screening determined that Forkhead Box A2(FOXA2) was highly expressed in OCSCs, and correspondingly regulated by autophagy activity. In addition, the self-renewal ability was decreased in the case of FOXA2 knockdown by shRNA in OCSCs. Overexpression of FOXA2 from the pEGFP(+)-FOXA2 plasmid partially reversed the depressed self-renewal ability of OCSCs during autophagy inhibition. Conclusions Our findings suggest that autophagy, through participation of FOXA2, maintains the characteristics of OCSCs. Autophagy and FOXA2 are therefore potential targets for ovarian cancer stem cell directed therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-017-0644-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohua Peng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jiale Qin
- Department of Ultrasound; Women's Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Women's Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Songfa Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Zhao Z, Li J, Jiang Y, Xu W, Li X, Jing W. CLDN1 Increases Drug Resistance of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Activating Autophagy via Up-Regulation of ULK1 Phosphorylation. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:2906-2916. [PMID: 28614291 PMCID: PMC5479443 DOI: 10.12659/msm.904177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of CLDN1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its mechanism of action in cisplatin resistance. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 55 patients with NSCLC admitted to our hospital between October 2013 and October 2015 were included. NSCLC tissues and tumor-adjacent tissues (≥5 cm from tumor edge) were collected. Among the 55 patients, 37 had adenocarcinoma and 18 had squamous cell carcinoma. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine mRNA expression, and protein expression was examined using Western blotting. CCK-8 assay was used to determine cell proliferation and Transwell assay was used to detect migration and invasion of the cells. Confocal microscopy was used to observe autophagosomes. RESULTS Increased CLDN1 expression promoted the development and metastasis of NSCLC. CLDN1 expression in A549/CDDP cells was up-regulated at both transcriptional and translational levels. Reduced CLDN1 expression decreased the drug resistance, proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of A549/CDDP cells. Decreased CLDN1 expression promoted the apoptosis of A549/CDDP cells. CLDN1 enhanced CDDP drug resistance of A549 cells by activating autophagy. CLDN1 promoted the autophagy of A549 cells by up-regulating the phosphorylation level of ULK1. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that expression of CLDN1 in NSCLC is up-regulated and it is correlated with clinicopathological features. CLDN1 activates autophagy through up-regulation of ULK1 phosphorylation and promotes drug resistance of NSCLC cells to CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Weili Jing
- Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
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