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Frémondière P, Thollon L, Marchal F, Fornai C, Webb NM, Haeusler M. Dynamic finite-element simulations reveal early origin of complex human birth pattern. Commun Biol 2022; 5:377. [PMID: 35440693 PMCID: PMC9018746 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infants are born neurologically immature, potentially owing to conflicting selection pressures between bipedal locomotion and encephalization as suggested by the obstetrical dilemma hypothesis. Australopithecines are ideal for investigating this trade-off, having a bipedally adapted pelvis, yet relatively small brains. Our finite-element birth simulations indicate that rotational birth cannot be inferred from bony morphology alone. Based on a range of pelvic reconstructions and fetal head sizes, our simulations further imply that australopithecines, like humans, gave birth to immature, secondary altricial newborns with head sizes smaller than those predicted for non-human primates of the same body size especially when soft tissue thickness is adequately approximated. We conclude that australopithecines required cooperative breeding to care for their secondary altricial infants. These prerequisites for advanced cognitive development therefore seem to have been corollary to skeletal adaptations for bipedal locomotion that preceded the appearance of the genus Homo and the increase in encephalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Frémondière
- UMR 7268 ADES, Aix Marseille University, EFS, CNRS, 51 boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13344, Marseille cedex 15, France. .,Aix Marseille University, School of Midwifery, Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, 51 boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13344, Marseille cedex 15, France.
| | - Lionel Thollon
- Aix Marseille University, UMR-T24, 51 boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13344, Marseille cedex 15, France
| | - François Marchal
- UMR 7268 ADES, Aix Marseille University, EFS, CNRS, 51 boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13344, Marseille cedex 15, France
| | - Cinzia Fornai
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Wien, Austria.,Vienna School of Interdisciplinary Dentistry-VieSID, Wasserzeile 35, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Nicole M Webb
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.,Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Haeusler
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Cui X, Wu S. Ultrasonic assessment has high sensitivity for pregnant women with previous cesarean section occurring uterine dehiscence and rupture: A STARD-compliant article. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21448. [PMID: 32756164 PMCID: PMC7402744 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound (US) for pregnant women with previous caesarean section (CS) occurring lower uterine segment (LUS) dehiscence and rupture.107 pregnant women with previous CS and LUS thickness of 1.0 mm or less were recruited, the LUS and myometrium was measured, and US findings suggestive of uterine rupture were compared with findings at laparotomy. The included pregnant women were assigned into 2 groups, including 64 pregnant women had vaginal delivery at full-term and 43 pregnant women underwent repeat CS at preterm.US findings suggestive of uterine rupture and dehiscence occurred in 18 women and 89 women, respectively; ten of them developed uterine rupture, and the incidence of uterine rupture was 9.34% (10/107). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive, and negative predictive values of US for the evaluation of LUS dehiscence and rupture were 100.0%, 91.8%, 92.5%, 55.6%, and 100.0%, respectively. There was no severe maternal obstetric complication, 1 fetus died, and the other fetuses were born with a 5-minute Apgar score of 7 to 10.US has high sensitivity and specificity for pregnant women with previous CS occurring LUS dehiscence and rupture.
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