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Truter M, Hadfield KA, Smit NJ. Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 20:170-179. [PMID: 36936254 PMCID: PMC10017330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) is one of several freshwater fish species that have been translocated beyond its natural geographic range in South Africa. The present study investigated the parasitic communities of two translocated populations (one in the Riviersonderend River, Western Cape and the other from the Great Fish River, Eastern Cape) as well as its native source population from Gariep Dam, Free State. A total of nine, seven, and eight parasitic taxa were found to parasitise various organs of C. gariepinus from the three populations, respectively. The diversity and abundances of parasitic species in the two translocated populations were similar, but distinct community assemblages were observed. Parasite community composition from the Great Fish River was similar to that of the source population from Gariep Dam, whereas the parasitic community from C. gariepinus in the Riviersonderend River was distinct from that of Gariep Dam. This, together with the introduction history into the Western Cape, suggests that translocated C. gariepinus is sourced from various systems across South Africa, or that suitable intermediate hosts are present in the recipient ecosystems to sustain host-specific co-introduced parasitic taxa of C. gariepinus. In total, the resilience of 11 specialist parasite species of C. gariepinus is demonstrated in their persistence upon co-introduction into the two novel environments with their host, and support for the enemy release hypothesis is confirmed in the loss of known parasite taxa in translocated populations. The presence of the co-invasive fish lice Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1900 is reported from C. gariepinus in Gariep Dam and the Asian tapeworm Schyzocotyle acheilognathi (Yamaguti, 1934) was found from translocated C. gariepinus in the Riviersonderend River, Western Cape and lastly, a suspected case of parasite spillback from an unknown native host is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marliese Truter
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (NRF-SAIAB), Makhanda, 6139, South Africa
| | - Kerry A Hadfield
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Nico J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (NRF-SAIAB), Makhanda, 6139, South Africa
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Nofal AP, Dos Santos QM, Jirsa F, Avenant-Oldewage A. Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2022; 19:196-210. [PMID: 36324823 PMCID: PMC9619150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Clarias gariepinus collected from Lake Heritage, Crocodile River, were found to harbour camallanid nematodes. Previously, Boomker (1982) surveyed the Hartbeespoort Dam, downstream of the current study site, and identified a high prevalence of Procamallanus (Procamallanus) laeviconchus and Paracamallanus cyathopharynx. Since then, Procamallanus (Procamallanus) pseudolaeviconchus was described from C. gariepinus suggesting reconsideration of the identifications of Procamallanus species in historical studies from clariids. The aim of the current study was to definitively identify the nematodes collected from C. gariepinus in Lake Heritage, using morphological and molecular analyses. Morphological study consisted of light and scanning electron microscopy which confirmed the identity P. (P.) pseudolaeviconchus and P. cyathopharynx. This included descriptions of the detailed morphology of isolated buccal capsules for both species using soft tissue digestion, notably for the first time for P. (P.) pseudolaeviconchus. The morphology of isolated spiculae of both species was described for the first time using SEM. Molecular analyses included genetic characterisation of the small ribosomal subunit (18S) rDNA and cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) mtDNA. Genetic data supported the morphological identification of both species, however, divergence was detected in CO1 mtDNA data for P. cyathopharynx indicating two distinct lineages. Due to this variation, the morphometry of P. cyathopharynx specimens were revisited including statistical re-evaluation. No robust morphological traits were identified to support CO1 mtDNA lineages and all specimens were considered conspecific. In terms of camallanid biodiversity in the Crocodile River system, it is similar to that in Boomker (1982), despite the altered water quality from past acid mine pollution in the river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee P. Nofal
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Quinton M. Dos Santos
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Franz Jirsa
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa,Corresponding author.
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Molecular phylogenetic relationship between Philometroides tahieli (Nematoda, Philometridae) and other philometrids from South America. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:3091-3103. [PMID: 36125527 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In South America, the family Philometridae is represented by several genera and species. In particular, Philometra and Philometroides are the most speciose genera. In Argentina, only Philometroides tahieli has been reported so far. The main objective of this study was to analyze the phylogenetic relationship between Ps. tahieli and other South American philometrids using molecular data. The molecular analysis was performed using a female specimen of Ps. tahieli found on the opercular muscle of a juvenile Micropogonias furnieri from brackish waters in Argentina. Phylogenetic relationships were studied based on partial sequences of the 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA genes. In the 18S rDNA tree, Ps. tahieli was mainly grouped with other Philometroides from freshwater hosts from China, sharing the site of infection (head tissues or muscles). In the 28S rDNA tree, obtained with fewer sequences, Ps. tahieli is related species from subcutaneous tissues of head. This study contributes with information on philometrids and confirms the presence of different lineages among South American species, with Ps. tahieli representing a new one. Further studies on South American species using more molecular markers and new morphological characters will improve our knowledge of philometrid biodiversity and phylogeny.
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El-Saadony MT, Abuljadayel DA, Shafi ME, Albaqami NM, Desoky ESM, El-Tahan AM, Mesiha PK, Elnahal AS, Almakas A, Taha AE, Abd El-Mageed TA, Hassanin AA, Elrys AS, Saad AM. Control of foliar phytoparasitic nematodes through sustainable natural materials: Current progress and challenges. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7314-7326. [PMID: 34867034 PMCID: PMC8626253 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nematodes are hidden enemies that inhibit the entire ecosystem causing adverse effects on animals and plants, leading to economic losses. Management of foliar phytoparasitic nematodes is an excruciating task. Various approaches were used to control nematodes dispersal, i.e., traditional practices, resistant cultivars, plant extract, compost, biofumigants, induced resistance, nano-biotechnology applications, and chemical control. This study reviews the various strategies adopted in combating plant-parasitic nematodes while examining the benefits and challenges. The significant awareness of biological and environmental factors determines the effectiveness of nematode control, where the incorporation of alternative methods to reduce the nematodes population in plants with increasing crop yield. The researchers were interested in explaining the fundamental molecular mechanisms, providing an opportunity to deepen our understanding of the sustainable management of nematodes in croplands. Eco-friendly pesticides are effective as a sustainable nematodes management tool and safe for humans. The current review presents the eco-friendly methods in controlling nematodes to minimize yield losses, and benefit the agricultural production efficiency and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Dalia A. Abuljadayel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal E. Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najah M. Albaqami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Sayed M. Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira M. El-Tahan
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, the City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City. Borg El Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Philemon K. Mesiha
- Plant pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S.M. Elnahal
- Plant pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Aisha Almakas
- Department of Crops and Pastures, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana’a University, Yemen
| | - Ayman E. Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Taia A. Abd El-Mageed
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Abdallah A. Hassanin
- Genetics department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Elrys
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Saad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Ailán-Choke LG, Pereira FB. Deep in the systematics of Camallanidae (Nematoda): using integrative taxonomy to better understand the phylogeny and consistency of diagnostic traits. Parasitology 2021; 148:962-974. [PMID: 33934728 PMCID: PMC11010166 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Due to conflicts between classic and molecular systematics of Camallanidae, different data types were used for the first time, to better understand the evolutionary history and taxa consistency within this family. Genetic [18S and 28S rDNA; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mtDNA], morphological and life history traits were used to infer phylogenies using Bayesian inference, reconstructed from separated and concatenated datasets. The consistency of tree and morphological traits was evaluated using the consistency index. Characters were mapped on the trees and the phylogenetic informativeness of genetic markers was estimated. Phylogenetic informativeness of 18S provided better resolution for outer nodes, COI for inners and 28S had an intermediate profile. New sequences for two camallanid species were obtained. Phylogenies of genetic and concatenated data largely agreed, showing more divergence in the COI dataset, due to its higher mutation rate vs stable morphology for diagnosing higher taxa. No genus sustained monophyly. The lack of autapomorphy and phylogenetic proximity supported the partition of Batrachocamallanus as synonym of Procamallanus and Spirocamallanus, which should not be considered as subgenera. Although traits of buccal capsule, male tail, habitat, host and biogeographic were highly consistent, intrinsic patterns varied according to different taxa assemblages. Morphological systematics of Camallanidae, based on buccal capsule, is artificial for certain taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena G. Ailán-Choke
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, 4400 Salta, Argentina
| | - Felipe B. Pereira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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An integrative approach assesses the intraspecific variations of Procamallanus ( Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, a common parasite in Neotropical freshwater fishes, and the phylogenetic patterns of Camallanidae. Parasitology 2020; 147:1752-1764. [PMID: 32921341 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020001687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Integrative taxonomy was used to evaluate two component populations of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus in Brazil and the phylogeny Camallanidae. Parasite populations were collected in the characiform Anostomoides passionis from River Xingu (Amazon basin) and Megaleporinus elongatus from River Miranda (Paraguay basin). Morphology was analysed using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Genetic characterization was based on partial sequences of the 18S and 28S rDNA, and COI mtDNA. Phylogenies were based on 18S and COI due to data availability. Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC), Poisson Tree Process (PTP) and *BEAST were used for species delimitation and validation. SEM revealed for the first time the presence of minute denticles and pore-like structures surrounding the oral opening, phasmids in females and confirmed other important morphological aspects. Statistical comparison between the two-component populations indicated morphometric variations, especially among males. The different component population of P. (S.) inopinatus showed variable morphometry, but uniform morphology and were validated as conspecific by the GMYC, PTP and *BEAST. Some camallanid sequences in GenBank have incorrect taxonomic labelling. Host, environment and geographic aspects seem to be related to some lineages within Camallanidae; however, their real phylogenetic meanings are still unclear.
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Diversity of Parasites from Xenopus Laevis (Amphibia: Pipidae) and their Seasonal Rate of Infection in Selected Habitats in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Helminthologia 2020; 57:252-267. [PMID: 32855613 PMCID: PMC7425233 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2020-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the diversity and seasonality of parasites species of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis (Daudin, 1802), from three localities, namely Modjadjikloof, Mokopane and University of Limpopo, Limpopo Province, South Africa. A total of seven parasite species were collected and identified. They included two nematodes, Camallanus kaapstaadi Southwell & Kirshner, 1937 and Batrachocamallanus slomei (Southwell & Kirshner, 1937), a monogenean, Protopolystoma xenopodis (Price, 1943), a cestode, Cephalochlamys namaquensis (Cohn, 1906), a protozoan, Trichodina xenopodos Fantham, 1924, two digeneans, Progonimodiscus doyeri Ortlepp, 1926 and Dollfuschella rodhaini Vercammen-Grandjean, 1960. The most common and abundant parasite species by far were Cm. kaapstaadi, B. slomei and Cp. namaquensis, with Cm. kaapstaadi, B. slomei present in all localities. Trichodina xenopodos was a rare species, only present in host populations from Modjadjiskloof. Modjadjiskloof had the highest species richness (all seven parasite species) followed by Mokopane (five parasite species) and University of Limpopo (3 parasite species). There were also higher infection levels (prevalence and mean intensity) of Cm. kaapstaadi, B. slomei, Cp. namaquensis and Pt. xenopodis in hosts from Modjadjiskloof while Pd. doyeri and D. rodhaini infection levels were greater in Mokopane. The variability between localities shows that parasites with heteroxenous life cycles are more strongly associated with more pristine habitats. The variability in calculated indices (prevalence and mean intensity) also suggests that the occurrence of some of the parasites is affected by season, favouring higher infection rates during summer. This suggests that temperature has a direct role in the reproductive and developmental processes of these parasites. Neither length nor sex had an influence on the prevalence or intensity of parasites.
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Bursey CR, Goldberg SR. New Species of Camallanus (Nematoda: Camallanidae) in Occidozyga laevis (Anura: Megophryidae) from the Philippines. COMP PARASITOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1654/1525-2647-87.1.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles R. Bursey
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, Shenango Campus, Sharon, Pennsylvania 16146, U.S.A
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Schoeman AL, Joubert TL, du Preez LH, Svitin R. Xenopus laevis as UberXL for nematodes. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2019.1681295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anneke L Schoeman
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Tracy-Lee Joubert
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Louis H du Preez
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Roman Svitin
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa
- Department of Invertebrate Fauna and Systematics, II Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Svitin R, Truter M, Kudlai O, Smit NJ, du Preez L. Novel information on the morphology, phylogeny and distribution of camallanid nematodes from marine and freshwater hosts in South Africa, including the description of Camallanus sodwanaensis n. sp. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2019; 10:263-273. [PMID: 31692735 PMCID: PMC6806417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Four species of previously known nematodes from the family Camallanidae were found from different hosts in South Africa: Batrachocamallanus xenopodis from the frog Xenopus muelleri, Paracamallanus cyathopharynx and Procamallanus pseudolaeviconchus from the catfish Clarias gariepinus and Spirocamallanus daleneae from the catfish Synodontis zambezensis. In the material collected from various marine fishes, several specimens of nematodes from the genus Camallanus clearly differed from all previously known species. Based on morphological differences these specimens are assigned to a new species, C. sodwanaensis. Molecular data of 18S and 28S rDNA and COI sequences are provided for the collected species and a phylogenetic analyses based on 28S gene fragmets are presented. Five species of Camallanidae nematodes found from different hosts in South Africa. Camallanus sodwanaensis n. sp. is the first species from marine fish in Southern Africa. Molecular data of 18S and 28SrDNA and COI sequences provided for found species. Phylogenetic analyses based on 28S gene fragmets is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Svitin
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Somerset Street, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.,Department of Invertebrate Fauna and Systematics, I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine, 15 B. Khmelnytskogo str., 01030, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Marliese Truter
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,DST/NRF Research Chair in Inland Fisheries and Freshwater Ecology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Olena Kudlai
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nico J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Louis du Preez
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Somerset Street, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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Junker K, Boomker J, Govender D, Mutafchiev Y. Nematodes found in Nile crocodiles in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, with redescriptions of Multicaecum agile (Wedl, 1861) (Heterocheilidae) and Camallanus kaapstaadi Southwell & Kirshner, 1937 (Camallanidae). Syst Parasitol 2019; 96:381-398. [PMID: 31077063 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-019-09856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen Nile crocodiles were collected in the Kruger National Park, South Africa and vicinity during 2010 and 2011. A total of 11 nematode species representing six families were recovered. Heterocheilids were the dominant group, comprising five species, with Dujardinascaris madagascariensis (Chabaud & Caballero, 1966) being the most prevalent (75%), followed by Ingwenascaris sprenti Junker & Mutafchiev, 2017 (68.8%), which was also the second most numerous nematode. While less prevalent (31.3%), Typhlophoros kwenae Junker & Mutafchiev, 2017 was the most abundant species. Micropleura huchzermeyeri Junker & Mutafchiev, 2017 (Micropleuridae) was collected from five crocodiles and Crocodylocapillaria sp. (Capillariidae) occurred in a single host. Three nematodes, Camallanus kaapstaadi Southwell & Kirshner, 1937, Spirocamallanus sp. (both Camallanidae) and Ascarophis sp. (Cystidicolidae), are considered accidental infections, likely ingested with the hosts' prey. Our findings of D. dujardini (Travassos, 1920), D. madagascariensis and Multicaecum agile (Wedl, 1861) in South Africa constitute new geographical records. Crocodylocapillaria sp. represents a new host and geographical record, while T. kwenae, I. sprenti and M. huchzermeyeri have been described as new species during the course of this survey. Multicaecum agile is here redescribed based on light and scanning electron microscopy. Previously undescribed morphological characters of C. kaapstaadi, typically a parasite of Xenopus spp. (Amphibia: Pipidae), but here found in two Nile crocodiles, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Junker
- Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Joop Boomker
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Danny Govender
- Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Skukuza, 1350, South Africa.,Department of Para-clinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Yasen Mutafchiev
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Repeated reduction in parasite diversity in invasive populations of Xenopus laevis: a global experiment in enemy release. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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