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López-Verdejo A, Occhibove F, Degli Uberti B, Crocetta F, Santoro M. Philometroides giginosantoroi n. sp. (Nematoda: Philometridae), a new muscle-infecting species in the Mediterranean moray ( Muraena helena) revealed using integrative taxonomy. Parasitology 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38736290 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182024000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Philometroides Yamaguti, 1935 is a genus of dracunculoid nematodes of the family Philometridae Baylis & Daubney, 1926 comprising tissue-infecting species worldwide. In the present study, a new species of Philometroides is described from the Tyrrhenian Sea (central-western Mediterranean Sea) using integrative approaches such as light and scanning microscopy, histopathology and 18S rRNA sequencing. Philometroides giginosantoroi n. sp. found in the skeletal muscles of the Mediterranean moray Muraena helena can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of morphological traits and in particular by having the oral aperture with 3 large sclerotized triangular oesophageal teeth. The molecular analyses and phylogenetic reconstructions support its status as a new taxon and placed it within a clade of tissue-infecting species, although also confirmed mismatches in the generic assignment of several species. Philometroides giginosantoroi n. sp. is the second species of the genus found in the Mediterranean Sea and in general in the European marine waters and the third species of the family known to infect the family Muraenidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro López-Verdejo
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
- Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Flavia Occhibove
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Degli Uberti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Fabio Crocetta
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Santoro
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Moravec F, Fazaa HA, Ali AH, Saud HA. Five species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae) newly recorded from marine fishes in Iraq, including the description of P. arabiensis sp. n. from the ovary of the shrimp scad Alepes djedaba (Carangidae). Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2022; 69. [PMID: 36598347 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2022.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent examinations of some marine fishes from off the southern coast of Iraq revealed the presence of five species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae): Philometra arabiensis sp. n. (males and females) from the ovary of the shrimp scad Alepes djedaba (Forsskål) (Carangidae, Carangiformes), Philometra psettoditis Moravec, Walter et Yuniar, 2012 (females) from the body cavity of the Indian halibut Psettodes erumei (Bloch et Schneider) (Psettodidae, Pleuronectiformes), Philometra terapontis Moravec, Gopalakrishnan, Rajkumar, Saravanakumar et Kaliyamoorthy, 2011 (female) from the ovary of the jarbua terapon Terapon jarbua (Forsskål) (Terapontidae, Centrarchiformes), Philometra sp. (females) from the ovary of the Arabian blackspot threadfin Polydactylus mullani (Hora) (Polynemidae, Carangariformes) and Philometra sp. 2 of Moravec et al. (2016a) (females) from the ovary and body cavity of the bartail flathead Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus) (Platycephalidae, Perciformes). Philometra arabiensis sp. n. is mainly characterised by the length of spicules (198-243 µm) and gubernaculum (75-99 µm), the gubernaculum/spicule length ratio (1 : 2.33-2.79), the structure of the gubernaculum distal portion and the male caudal end, and the body length of males (1.86-2.73 mm). The present findings of P. psettoditis and P. terapontis in fishes of the Arabian Gulf represent new geographical records for these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Moravec
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hassan A Fazaa
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq.,Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Muthana, Iraq
| | - Atheer H Ali
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq
| | - Hussein A Saud
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq
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Pereira FB, González-Solís D. Review of the parasitic nematodes of marine fishes from off the American continent. Parasitology 2022; 149:1928-1941. [PMID: 36076284 PMCID: PMC11010509 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022001287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ichthyofauna of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts off the American continent is very rich. Consequently, a high biodiversity of nematodes parasitizing these vertebrates is also expected. Currently, data on nematode parasites of marine fish off the Americas are fragmented. A review of all adult nematode species reported parasitizing marine fish from off the American continent is herein presented, as well as comments on their patterns of diversity, life cycles and advances in the taxonomic and phylogenetic knowledge. A total of 209 valid species, 19 species inquirendae and 6 dubious records have been recorded, the majority from the fish taxa Eupercaria and Perciformes. The families Sciaenidae, Serranidae and Lutjanidae, as well as the tropical and temperate Atlantic waters, exhibited the highest records of parasitic nematodes. The Cucullanidae, Philometridae and Cystidicolidae were the most speciose families of nematodes, which may be related to technological advances and relatively recent efforts of taxonomists, resulting in description of new taxa and the resolution of taxonomic problems. Numerous taxonomic questions still need resolution and, even though genetic data have been important for this process, the database is very scarce. This is the first review on all currently known nematode species parasitizing marine fish off the Americas and may serve as an important basis of reference for future approaches on these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe B. Pereira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - David González-Solís
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal, Av. Centenario km 5.5, C.P. 77014, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
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Moravec F, Mizher JA, Ali AH. Records of two gonad-infecting species of Philometra (Nematoda: Philometridae) from marine fishes off Iraq, including the description of Philometra parabrevicollis n. sp. from the bigeye snapper Lutjanus lutjanus Bloch (Pisces, Lutjanidae). Syst Parasitol 2021; 98:443-453. [PMID: 34120299 PMCID: PMC8197607 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-021-09988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent examinations of some marine fishes from off the southern coast of Iraq revealed the presence of two species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae): P. parabrevicollis n. sp. (males and subgravid and nongravid females) from the ovary of the bigeye snapper Lutjanus lutjanus Bloch (Perciformes, Lutjanidae) and Philometra sp. (subgravid females) from the ovary of the bartail flathead Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus) (Perciformes, Platycephalidae). Specimens of species are described and illustrated based on light and scanning electron microscopical examinations. Philometra parabrevicollis n. sp. is mainly characterised by the length of spicules (267-285 µm) and gubernaculum (159-168 µm), the gubernaculum/spicule length ratio (1:1.64-1.76), the structure of the gubernaculum distal tip and of the male caudal end, and the body length of males (4.03-4.90 mm). The description of this new species again confirms a high degree of host specificity of gonad-infecting species of Philometra in congeneric lutjanid hosts. Although Philometra sp. parasitising P. indicus in Iraqi waters was previously recorded, its subgravid females are described for the first time. A key to gonad-infecting species of Philometra parasitic in fishes of the family Lutjanidae is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Moravec
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jawad A Mizher
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Atheer H Ali
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
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Moravec F, Nagasawa K, Nitta M. Description of Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) multipapillata sp. nov., Redescription of Hysterothylacium simile Li et al., 2013 and New Records of Some Other Ascaridoid and Seuratoid Nematodes from Marine Fishes in Japan. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:461-474. [PMID: 33141392 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many nematode species parasitizing marine fishes were reported from Japanese waters. However, considering the wealth of fish species in this zoogeographically interesting region and the host specificity of nematodes, the number of hitherto recorded fish nematodes probably represents only a very small part of the potential Japanese fauna of these organisms. Therefore, new data are needed to recognise the species composition of these parasites in this region. METHODS Helminthological examinations of some marine fishes from off Japan, carried out in the years 2005-2017, revealed one new and five insufficiently known species of ascaridoid and seuratoid nematodes. These were studied with the use of light and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS All six nematode species recorded are described: Anisakidae: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) multipapillata sp. nov. (male and females) from the intestine of Labracoglossa argenteiventris Peters (Kyphosidae) in the Sea of Japan, Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) sp. (third-stage larvae) probably from the digestive tract of Seriola dumerili (Risso) and S. rivoliana Valenciennes (both Carangidae) in the western North Pacific Ocean off Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Hysterothylacium simile Li et al., 2013 (males and females) from the stomach of Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier) (Lateolabracidae) in the Sea of Japan, Hysterothylacium sp. 1 (female) from the pyloric caeca of Jaydia lineata (Temminck et Schlegel) (Apogonidae) in the Seto Inland Sea, Hysterothylacium sp. 2 (third- and fourth-stage larvae) from the intestine and mesentery of Etelis coruscans Valenciennes (Lutjanidae) and Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus Günther (Paralichthyidae) in the western North Pacific Ocean off Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa Prefecture and the Seto Inland Sea, respectively; and Cucullanidae: Cucullanus sp. (female) from the intestine of Semicossyphus reticulatus (Valenciennes) (Labridae) in the Seto Inland Sea. Raphidascaris (I.) multipapillata sp. n. differs from congeners mainly in the high number (79) of pairs of caudal papillae, spicules 402 µm long and in the structure of the male and female tail tips. Hysterothylacium simile is redescribed, being recorded from off Japan for the first time. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the discovery of the new nematode species R. (I.) multipapillata sp. nov. and a redescription of H. simile providing some new morphological data of this parasite, the findings of all other species represent new host and geographical records. The present study extends the knowledge of the species composition and host-parasite relationships of nematodes parasitizing marine fishes.
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Two species of philometrid nematodes (Philometridae) newly recorded from marine fishes off South Australia, including Philometra inconveniens n. sp. from Hyporhamphus melanochir (Valenciennes) (Hemiramphidae). Syst Parasitol 2021; 98:413-422. [PMID: 34046809 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-021-09986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent examinations of some marine fishes from off the coast of South Australia revealed the presence of two species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae): P. inconveniens n. sp. from the ovary (males) and body cavity (subgravid female) of the southern garfish Hyporhamphus melanochir (Valenciennes) (Beloniformes, Hemiramphidae) and Philometra sp. (gravid and subgravid females) from the body cavity of the Australian barracuda Sphyraena novaehollandiae Günther (Perciformes, Sphyraenidae) (new host and geographical records). Specimens of species are described and illustrated based on light and scanning electron microscopical examinations. Philometra inconveniens n. sp. differs from the most similar species P. longa Moravec, Barton & Shamsi, 2021, a parasite of the body cavity of the congeneric host off eastern Australia, mainly by a different structure of the gubernaculum (absence of dorsal barbs and presence of lateral extensions on its distal portion). This indicates a high degree of host specificity of these nematodes in co-occuring congeneric hosts.
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Iwaki T, Tamai K, Ogimoto K, Iwahashi Y, Waki T, Kawano F, Ogawa K. New records of Philometra pellucida (Jägerskiöld, 1893) (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the body cavity of Arothron mappa (Lesson) and Arothron nigropunctatus (Bloch et Schneider) reared in aquariums, with synonymisation of Philometra robusta Moravec, Möller et Heeger, 1992. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2020; 67. [PMID: 33043892 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2020.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We encountered two cases of infection with large female nematodes of the genus Philometra Costa, 1845 in the body cavity of a map puffer Arothron mappa (Lesson) caught off Okinawa, Japan, and a blackspotted puffer Arothron nigropunctatus (Bloch et Schneider) caught off Queensland, Australia, both reared in aquariums in Japan. No morphological difference was observed between the nematodes from A. mappa and A. nigropunctatus. We identified the nematodes as Philometra pellucida (Jägerskiöld, 1893) based on their morphology. The sequences of the nematodes from both hosts were identical to each other (1,643 bp) and formed a clade with other 17 nematodes belonging to the genera Philometra and Philometroides Yamaguti, 1935 with high bootstrap value (bp = 100). It is the first time that the genetic data on P. pellucida are provided. Philometra robusta Moravec, Möller et Heeger, 1992 is synonymised with the former species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Iwaki
- Meguro Parasitological Museum, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Tamai
- Shimonoseki Marine Science Museum, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ogimoto
- Shimonoseki Marine Science Museum, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Tsukasa Waki
- Meguro Parasitological Museum, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Present address: Graduate School of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fumi Kawano
- Meguro Parasitological Museum, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ogawa
- Meguro Parasitological Museum, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Moravec F, Bakenhaster MD, Switzer TS. New records of Philometra spp. (Nematoda: Philometridae) from marine perciform fishes off Florida, USA, including descriptions of two new species. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2020; 67. [PMID: 32764188 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2020.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent examinations of marine perciform fishes from off the Florida coast in the Gulf of Mexico and Straits of Florida, USA, revealed the presence of the following six species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae): P. haemulontis sp. n. (males and females) from the ovary of Haemulon plumierii (Lacepède) (type host) and H. aurolineatum Cuvier (both Haemulidae); Philometra synagridis Moravec, Bakenhaster et Fajer-Ávila, 2014 (males and females) from the ovary and testes of Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus) (Lutjanidae); P. margolisi Moravec, Vidal-Martínez et Aguirre-Macedo, 1995 (male) from the ovary of Hyporthodus nigritus (Holbrook) (Serranidae) (new host record; probably a paradefinitive host); P. andersoni sp. n. (male) from the ovary of H. nigritus; Philometra sp. 1 (male) from the ovary of Rhomboplites aurorubens (Cuvier) (Lutjanidae); and Philometra sp. 2 (females) from the subcutaneous tissue of the anterior-most head sinuses of Hyporthodus niveatus (Valenciennes) (Serranidae). Specimens of species are described and illustrated based on light and (except for Philometra sp. 1) scanning electron microscopical examinations. Philometra haemulontis sp. n. differs from all congeners in the unique structure of the gubernaculum, whereas P. andersoni sp. n. can be differentiated from other gonad-infecting congeners parasitising the Serranidae by a combination of morphological features. Females of P. synagridis are described for the first time. Gravid females of Philometra sp. 2 are similar to those of P. morii Moravec, Bakenhaster et Fajer-Ávila, 2010, a subcutaneous parasite of Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes) (Serranidae) in the Gulf of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Moravec
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Micah D Bakenhaster
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Theodore S Switzer
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
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Description of Two New Species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae) from Marine Fishes off Japan, with Notes on Philometroides seriolae (Yamaguti, 1935). Acta Parasitol 2019; 64:829-838. [PMID: 31418167 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Philometrid nematodes (Philometridae) represent a group of more than 200 species parasitic in the body cavity and various body tissues of fishes. Due to morphological and biological peculiarities, the majority of them are known only by their large females. Generally, the fauna of these parasites remains little known. METHODS Occasional helminthological examinations of three species of marine fishes in Japan revealed two new and one insufficiently known species of these tissue-dwelling parasites. These were studied with the use of light and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS All three nematode species are described. Philometra ostorhinchi sp. nov. (males and females) from the ovary of Ostorhinchus semilineatus (Temminck et Schlegel) (Apogonidae, Perciformes) is characterized mainly by the lengths and structure of spicules and the gubernaculum (spicules 108-120 µm long, length of the gubernaculum 78-87 µm); it is the only species of philometrids parasitic in a fish belonging to the Apogonidae. The gravid females of Philometra tenuis sp. nov. (only females available) from the head subcutaneous tissues of Conger myriaster (Brevoort) (Congridae, Anguilliformes) differ from congeners mainly in an unusual shape of the anterior oesophageal bulb. Some new data on the morphology of an insufficiently known species Philometroides seriolae (Ishii, 1931), collected from the body musculature of Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck et Schlegel (Carangidae, Perciformes), are provided; the number and arrangement of cephalic papillae in subgravid females of P. seriolae were found to be similar to those in females of the majority of other philometrid species. CONCLUSIONS The present study extends the knowledge of the species composition of philometrids parasitizing marine fishes and of the morphology of P. seriolae, the type species of Philometroides Yamaguti, 1935.
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