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Gonçalves e Souza L, Vilardo Lóes Moreira M, Sayuri Saçaki C, Perlmann E, Guimarães Lopes TB, Ferreira E, Moreno JCD, Montiani-Ferreira F. Comparative study on corneal epithelium healing: effects of crosslinked hyaluronic acid and amniotic membrane extract eye drops in rats. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1415658. [PMID: 39113726 PMCID: PMC11303308 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1415658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Corneal ulcers are common lesions in both human and veterinary medicine. However, only a few studies have evaluated the efficacy of cross-linked hyaluronic acid (X-HA) eye drops on corneal wound healing. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate and compare the efficacy of amniotic membrane extract eye drops (AMEED) and X-HA for corneal wound healing in rats. Material and methods A total of 15 male Wistar rats (30 eyes) were used in this study. Then, 10 eyes were treated with X-HA, AMEED, or 0.9% saline. After general and topical anesthesia, a superficial corneal ulcer was created using a corneal trephine. The defect was further polished with a diamond burr. Three groups of 10 eyes each were treated with either one drop of 0.75% X-HA or AMEED or 0.9% saline (control), administered every 12 h for a duration of 72 h. The median epithelial defect area (MEDA), expressed as a percentage of the total corneal surface, was measured at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h. Re-epithelization time scores were also evaluated. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare median times for re-epithelization and histopathologic scores between groups, while the Friedman test (for paired data) was employed to compare results from the serial analysis of MEDA and vascularization scores between groups. Results MEDA was not significantly different between X-HA and AMEED. However, MEDA was significantly smaller in the X-HA group compared to the control group at 36 h (2.73 interquartile range (IQR) 5.52% x 9.95 IQR 9.10%, P=0.024) and 48 h (0.00 IQR 0.26% x 6.30 IQR 8.54%, P=0.030). The overall time for re-epithelization was significantly lower in the X-HA group (3.00 IQR 3.00) compared to the AMEED (6.5 IQR 3.00) and control (7.00 IQR 1.00) groups (P=0.035). Vascularization, hydropic degeneration, and epithelial-stromal separation were significantly less observed in samples in the X-HA-treated compared to samples in the AMEED- and saline-treated groups. Significantly more corneal epithelium cells were labeled for caspase3 in samples from the AMEED- and saline-treated groups compared to those from the X-HA-treated group. Discussion Topical X-HA has been shown to accelerate corneal epithelial healing. AMEED did not decrease corneal re-epithelialization time. X-HA may also potentially be used as an adjunct therapy for treating corneal ulcers in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenara Gonçalves e Souza
- Veterinary Medicine, Department, Rua dos Funcionarios, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Sayuri Saçaki
- Graduate School Department, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Perlmann
- Veterinary Ophthalmology Department, Petcare Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Veterinary Ophthalmology Department, Vetmasters Clinic, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Enio Ferreira
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Duque Moreno
- Veterinary Medicine, Department, Rua dos Funcionarios, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira
- Veterinary Medicine, Department, Rua dos Funcionarios, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
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Small Extracellular Vesicles from Human Fetal Dermal Cells and Their MicroRNA Cargo: KEGG Signaling Pathways Associated with Angiogenesis and Wound Healing. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8889379. [PMID: 32855639 PMCID: PMC7443045 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8889379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of cell secreted factors in clinical settings could be an alternative to conventional cell therapy, with the advantage of limiting concerns generally associated with traditional cell transplantation, such as tumorigenicity, immunoreactivity, and carrying of infections. Based on our published data, we predict a potential role for extracellular vesicles (EVs) in contributing to the proangiogenic activity of human fetal dermal cell secretome. Depletion of nanosized EVs from secretome significantly impaired its ability to induce formation of mesh-like structures in vitro. The isolated EVs were characterized for size and concentration by nanoparticle tracking analysis, and for protein markers (Rab5+, Alix+, CD63+, and calnexin−). The microRNA profile of EVs revealed 87 microRNAs significantly upregulated (≥15-fold increase) in fetal compared to adult dermal cell-derived EVs. Interestingly, these upregulated microRNAs included microRNAs with a validated role in angiogenesis according to literature. Moreover, the DIANA-TarBase v7.0 analysis confirmed enrichment in the KEGG signaling pathways associated with angiogenesis and wound healing, with the identification of putative target genes including thrombospondin 1. To validate the in silico data, EVs were also characterized for total protein contents. When tested in in vitro angiogenesis, fetal dermal cell-derived EVs were more effective than their adult counterpart in inducing formation of complete mesh-like structures. Furthermore, treatment of fibroblasts with fetal dermal-derived EVs determined a 4-fold increase of thrombospondin 1 protein amounts compared with the untreated fibroblasts. Finally, visualization of CSFE-labeled EVs in the cytosol of target cells suggested a successful uptake of these particles at 4-8 hours of incubation. We conclude that EVs are important contributors of the proangiogenic effect of fetal dermal cell secretome. Hence, EVs could also serve as vehicle for a successful delivery of microRNAs or other molecules of therapeutic interest to target cells.
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Foulsham W, Dohlman TH, Mittal SK, Taketani Y, Singh RB, Masli S, Dana R. Thrombospondin-1 in ocular surface health and disease. Ocul Surf 2019; 17:374-383. [PMID: 31173926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) is an extracellular matrix protein that interacts with a wide array of ligands including cell receptors, growth factors, cytokines and proteases to regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Constitutively expressed by certain ocular surface tissues (e.g. corneal and conjunctival epithelium), TSP-1 expression is modulated during ocular surface inflammation. TSP-1 is an important activator of latent TGF-β, serving to promote the immunomodulatory and wound healing functions of TGF-β. Mounting research has deepened our understanding of how TSP-1 expression (and lack thereof) contributes to ocular surface homeostasis and disease. Here, we review current knowledge of the function of TSP-1 in dry eye disease, ocular allergy, angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis, corneal transplantation, corneal wound healing and infectious keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Foulsham
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas H Dohlman
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sharad K Mittal
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yukako Taketani
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Rohan Bir Singh
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sharmila Masli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Masli S, Sheibani N, Cursiefen C, Zieske J. Matricellular protein thrombospondins: influence on ocular angiogenesis, wound healing and immuneregulation. Curr Eye Res 2014; 39:759-74. [PMID: 24559320 PMCID: PMC4278647 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.877936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thrombospondins are a family of large multi-domain glycoproteins described as matricelluar proteins based on their ability to interact with a broad range of receptors, matrix molecules, growth factors or proteases, and to modulate array of cellular functions including intracellular signaling, proliferation and migration. Two members of the thrombospondin family, thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) and thrombospondin 2 (TSP-2) are studied extensively to determine their structure and function. While expressed at low levels in normal adult tissues, their increased expression is seen predominantly in response to cellular perturbations. Despite structural similarities, a notable functional difference between TSP-1 and TSP-2 includes the ability of former to activate of latent TGF-β and its competitive inhibition by the latter. Both these thrombospondins are reported to play important roles in TGF-β rich ocular environment with most reports related to TSP-1. They are expressed by many ocular cell types and detectable in the aqueous and vitreous humor. TSP-1 and TSP-2 influence many cellular interactions in the eye such as angiogenesis, cell migration, wound healing, TGF-β activation and regulation of inflammatory immune responses. Together, these processes are known to contribute to the immune privilege status of the eye. Emerging roles of TSP-1 and TSP-2 in ocular functions and pathology are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Masli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | | | - James Zieske
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
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Semeraro F, Forbice E, Braga O, Bova A, Di Salvatore A, Azzolini C. Evaluation of the efficacy of 50% autologous serum eye drops in different ocular surface pathologies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:826970. [PMID: 25136628 PMCID: PMC4130192 DOI: 10.1155/2014/826970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the efficacy of 50% autologous serum eye drops in ocular surface diseases not improved by conventional therapy. METHODS We analyzed two groups: (1) acute eye pathologies (e.g., chemical burns) and (2) chronic eye pathologies (e.g., recurrent corneal erosion, neurotropic keratitis, and keratoconjunctivitis sicca). The patients were treated for surface instability after conventional therapy. The patients received therapy 5 times a day until stabilization of the framework; they then reduced therapy to 3 times a day for at least 3 months. We analyzed the best corrected visual acuity, epithelial defects, inflammation, corneal opacity, and corneal neovascularization. We also analyzed symptoms such as tearing, burning, sense of foreign body or sand, photophobia, blurred vision, and difficulty opening the eyelids. RESULTS We enrolled 15 eyes in group 1 and 11 eyes in group 2. The average therapy period was 16 ± 5.86 weeks in group 1 and 30.54 ± 20.33 weeks in group 2. The epithelial defects all resolved. Signs and symptoms improved in both groups. In group 2, the defect recurred after the suspension of therapy in 2 (18%) patients; in group 1, no defects recurred. CONCLUSIONS Autologous serum eye drops effectively stabilize and improve signs and symptoms in eyes previously treated with conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Semeraro
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedale Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Eliana Forbice
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedale Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Braga
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedale Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bova
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedale Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Attilio Di Salvatore
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedale Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudio Azzolini
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo, Via F. Guicciardini 9, 21100 Varese, Italy
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Chelala E, Dirani A, Fadlallah A, Fahd S. The role of topical vitamin A in promoting healing in surface refractive procedures: a prospective randomized controlled study. Clin Ophthalmol 2013; 7:1913-8. [PMID: 24109170 PMCID: PMC3792968 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s52280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the effect of topical vitamin A supplementation on corneal re-epithelialization time, postoperative pain, visual acuity, and haze following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Patients and methods This prospective study included 32 patients. For each patient, one eye was randomized to the vitamin A group and the fellow eye to the non-vitamin A group (control group). Eyes in the vitamin A group received perioperative topical vitamin A (retinol palmitate, 250 IU/g VitAPOS eye ointment [AFT Pharmaceuticals Pty, Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia]) in addition to the classic treatment for PRK. Clinical outcomes were evaluated up to 3 months after PRK. Results There was no difference in the mean time to complete healing between the vitamin A group and the control group (3.36 ± 0.6 days in the control group; 3.42 ± 0.7 days in the vitamin A group; P = 0.854). Mean postoperative pain at the 48-hour visit was 4.35 ± 1.42 over 10 in the control group, and 4.42 ± 1.37 over 10 in the vitamin A group, with no difference between the two groups (P = 0.589). Subepithelial haze evaluated at 3 months postoperatively did not differ between the two groups (P = 0.960). Also, visual and refractive outcomes were not different between the two groups 3 months postoperatively. Conclusion Topical vitamin A supplementation did not affect re-epithelialization time, postoperative pain, corneal haze formation, or visual outcomes after PRK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Chelala
- Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
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Blanco-Mezquita JT, Hutcheon AEK, Zieske JD. Role of thrombospondin-1 in repair of penetrating corneal wounds. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:6262-8. [PMID: 23963165 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-11710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) has been suggested as a corneal wound-healing modulator. Therefore, we compromised the integrity of the cornea to elucidate the role of THBS1. METHODS Full-thickness penetrating corneal incisions (1.5 mm) were created in wild type (WT, 129S2/SvPas) and THBS1-deficient mice (Thbs1⁻/⁻), 129S2/SvPas-Thbs1(tm1Hyn)/Thbs1(tm1Hyn)), and allowed to heal up to 1 month, while being monitored by slit-lamp and intravital corneal examinations. Corneas also were examined by transmission electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence. To determine how THBS1 was involved in the healing process, we examined THBS1 and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), a marker of myofibroblasts and myoepithelial cells. RESULTS In WT mice by 1 month, corneas appeared transparent with a thin scar, and endothelium and Descemet's membrane (DM) were restored. In contrast, Thbs1⁻/⁻ corneas exhibited chronic edema and persistent opacity after wounding. The DM and endothelium were not restored, and wound contraction was impaired. The THBS1 was localized in epithelial cells at early stages of the healing process, and in the stroma and endothelial cells during later stages. The SMA-positive epithelial cells and myofibroblasts were observed within the healing area at day 4, peaked at day 14, and disappeared at day 30. The SMA-positive cells were reduced greatly in Thbs1⁻/⁻ mice. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, we demonstrated that corneal restoration is strikingly compromised by a penetrating incision in Thbs1⁻/⁻ mice. The wound results in persistent edema and wound gaping. This appears to be the result of the lack of endothelial migration and DM restoration. In addition, myofibroblast formation is compromised, resulting in the lack of wound contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Tomás Blanco-Mezquita
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Yu K, Ge J, Summers JB, Li F, Liu X, Ma P, Kaminski J, Zhuang J. TSP-1 secreted by bone marrow stromal cells contributes to retinal ganglion cell neurite outgrowth and survival. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2470. [PMID: 18575624 PMCID: PMC2430538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are pluripotent and thereby a potential candidate for cell replacement therapy for central nervous system degenerative disorders and traumatic injury. However, the mechanism of their differentiation and effect on neural tissues has not been fully elucidated. This study evaluates the effect of BMSCs on neural cell growth and survival in a retinal ganglion cell (RGCs) model by assessing the effect of changes in the expression of a BMSC-secreted protein, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), as a putative mechanistic agent acting on RGCs. Methods and Findings The effect of co-culturing BMSCs and RGCs in vitro was evaluated by measuring the following parameters: neurite outgrowth, RGC survival, BMSC neural-like differentiation, and the effect of TSP-1 on both cell lines under basal secretion conditions and when TSP-1 expression was inhibited. Our data show that BMSCs improved RGC survival and neurite outgrowth. Synaptophysin, MAP-2, and TGF-β expression are up-regulated in RGCs co-cultured with BMSCs. Interestingly, the BMSCs progressively displayed neural-like morphology over the seven-day study period. Restriction display polymerase chain reaction (RD-PCR) was performed to screen for differentially expressed genes in BMSCs cultured alone or co-cultured with RGCs. TSP-1, a multifactorial extracellular matrix protein, is critically important in the formation of neural connections during development, so its function in our co-culture model was investigated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. When TSP-1 expression was decreased with siRNA silencing, BMSCs had no impact on RGC survival, but reduced neurite outgrowth and decreased expression of synaptophysin, MAP-2 and TGF-β in RGCs. Furthermore, the number of BMSCs with neural-like characteristics was significantly decreased by more than two-fold using siRNA silencing. Conclusions Our data suggest that the TSP-1 signaling pathway might have an important role in neural-like differentiation in BMSCs and neurite outgrowth in RGCs. This study provides new insights into the potential reparative mechanisms of neural cell repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - James Bradley Summers
- Department of Radiology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph Kaminski
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JK); (JZ)
| | - Jing Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JK); (JZ)
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