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Sukhacheva TV, Penyaeva EV, Soborov MA, Garmanov SV, Rychin SV, Mironenko VA, Serov RA. Morphological Features of the Ascending Aorta Remodeling and Activation of Regeneratory Potential in Intima when Forming Aneurysm. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023:10.1007/s10517-023-05829-8. [PMID: 37336814 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
In patients with an ascending aorta aneurysm, restructuring of all its layers and, first of all, the intima and media was revealed. The thickness of the intima was 79.3±63.1 μm in patients with aortic diameter <55 mm (group Ao<55) and 162.7±177.4 μm (p<0.05) in patients with aortic diameter ⩾55 mm (Ao⩾55 group), the thickness of the aortic media was 1184.0±198.2 and 1144.3±288.4 μm, respectively. In patients of the Ao<55 group, aortic dilatation was accompanied by compensatory thickening of the inner and middle layers of the aorta. In the Ao⩾55 group, thinning of the aortic media, fragmentation of elastic fibers, and its cystic degeneration were revealed. c-kit+ Stem cells were detected in the subendothelium of the thickened intima of the dilated ascending aorta. The appearance of c-kit+ cells correlated with intimal remodeling and its colonization with CD34+ and CD44+ myofibroblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Sukhacheva
- A. N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - E V Penyaeva
- A. N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Soborov
- A. N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Garmanov
- A. N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Rychin
- A. N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Mironenko
- A. N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - R A Serov
- A. N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Balint B, Bernstorff IGL, Schwab T, Schäfers HJ. Age-dependent phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells in the normal ascending aorta. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1114355. [PMID: 36895832 PMCID: PMC9989028 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1114355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ascending aortic aneurysms are associated with pre-existing conditions, including connective tissue disorders (i.e., Marfan syndrome) and bicuspid aortic valves. The underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. Even less is known regarding ascending aortic aneurysms in individuals with normal (i.e., tricuspid) aortic valves (TAV), and without known aneurysm-associated disorders. Regardless of etiology, the risk of aortic complications increases with biological age. Phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is a feature of ascending aortic aneurysms, whereby contractile SMCs are replaced with synthetic SMCs that are capable of degrading the aortic wall. We asked whether age itself causes dysfunctional SMC phenotype modulation, independent of aortic dilatation or pre-existing aneurysm-associated diseases. Methods Non-dilated ascending aortic samples were obtained intra-operatively from 40 patients undergoing aortic valve surgery (range: 20-82 years old, mean: 59.1 ± 15.2). Patients with known genetic diseases or aortic valve malformations were excluded. Tissue was divided, and a portion was formalin-fixed and immunolabeled for alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA), a contractile SMC protein, and markers of synthetic (vimentin) or senescent (p16/p21) SMCs. Another fragment was used for SMC isolation (n = 10). Cultured SMCs were fixed at cell passage 2 and stained for phenotype markers, or were cultured indefinitely to determine replicative capacity. Results In whole tissue, ASMA decreased (R2 = 0.47, P < 0.0001), while vimentin increased (R2 = 0.33, P = 0.02) with age. In cultured SMCs, ASMA decreased (R2 = 0.35, P = 0.03) and vimentin increased (R2 = 0.25, P = 0.04) with age. p16 (R2 = 0.34, P = 0.02) and p21 (R2 = 0.29, P = 0.007) also increased with age in SMCs. Furthermore, the replicative capacity of SMCs from older patients was decreased compared to that of younger patients (P = 0.03). Conclusion By investigating non-dilated aortic samples from individuals with normal TAVs, we found that age itself has a negative impact on SMCs in the ascending aortic wall, whereby SMCs switched from the contractile phenotype to maladaptive synthetic or senescent states with increased age. Therefore, based on our findings, modification of SMC phenotype should be studied as a therapeutic consideration against aneurysms in the future, regardless of etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Balint
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Schwab
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schäfers
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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Xu C, Liu X, Fang X, Yu L, Lau HC, Li D, Liu X, Li H, Ren J, Xu B, Jiang J, Tang L, Chen X. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Smooth Muscle Cells Heterogeneity in Experimental Aortic Dissection. Front Genet 2022; 13:836593. [PMID: 36035191 PMCID: PMC9403608 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.836593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to illustrate the cellular landscape in the aorta of experimental aortic dissection (AD) and elaborate on the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) heterogeneity and functions among various cell types.Methods: Male Apolipoprotein deficient (ApoE−/−) mice at 28 weeks of age were infused with Ang II (2,500 ng/kg/min) to induce AD. Aortas from euthanized mice were harvested after 7 days for 10×Genomics single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), followed by the identification of cell types and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was conducted.Results: AD was successfully induced in ApoE−/− mice. scRNA-seq identified 15 cell clusters and nine cell types, including non-immune cells (endothelials, fibroblasts, and SMCs) and immune cells (B cells, natural killer T cell, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and mast cells). The relative numbers of SMCs were remarkably changed, and seven core DEGs (ACTA2,IL6,CTGF,BGN,ITGA8,THBS1, and CDH5) were identified in SMCs. Moreover, we found SMCs can differentiate into 8 different subtypes through single-cell trajectory analysis.Conclusion: scRNA-seq technology can successfully identify unique cell composition in experimental AD. To our knowledge, this is the first study that provided the complete cellular landscape in AD tissues from mice, seven core DEGs and eight subtypes of SMCs were identified, and the SMCs have evolution from matrix type to inflammatory type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxin Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Hui Chong Lau
- Department of Medicine, Crozer-Chester Medical Center, Upland, PA, United States
| | - Danlei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiaoman Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Haili Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Justin Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Baohui Xu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Lijiang Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lijiang Tang, ; Xiaofeng Chen,
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Lijiang Tang, ; Xiaofeng Chen,
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Abstract
TWEAK (tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis) is a member of the TNF superfamily that controls a multitude of cellular events including proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. TWEAK control of these events is via an expanding list of intracellular signalling pathways which include NF-κB, ERK/MAPK, Notch, EGFR and AP-1. Two receptors have been identified for TWEAK - Fn14, which targets the membrane bound form of TWEAK, and CD163, which scavenges the soluble form of TWEAK. TWEAK appears to elicit specific events based on the receptor to which it binds, tissue type in which it is expressed, specific extrinsic conditions, and the presence of other cytokines. TWEAK signalling is protective in healthy tissues, but in chronic inflammatory states become detrimental to the tissue. Consistent data show a role for the TWEAK/FN14/CD163 axis in metabolic disease, chronic autoimmune diseases, and acute ischaemic stroke. Low circulating concentrations of soluble TWEAK are predictive of poor cardiovascular outcomes in those with and without diabetes. This review details the current understanding of the TWEAK/Fn14/CD163 axis as one of the chief regulators of immune signalling and its cell-specific role in metabolic disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Ratajczak
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, C-TRIC Building Glenshane Road, Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sarah D Atkinson
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, C-TRIC Building Glenshane Road, Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Catriona Kelly
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, C-TRIC Building Glenshane Road, Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Lin Y, Huang H, Yu Y, Zhu F, Xiao W, Yang Z, Shao L, Shen Z. Long non-coding RNA RP11-465L10.10 promotes vascular smooth muscle cells phenotype switching and MMP9 expression via the NF-κB pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1776. [PMID: 35071470 PMCID: PMC8756256 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-6402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection (TAA/D) are complicated vascular disorders with rapid development and high mortality. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotype switching plays an important role in the pathological process of TAA/D. Previous studies have indicated a potential correlation between long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) RP11-465L10.10 and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) involved in the development of TAA/D. This study aims to investigate the role of lncRNA RP11-465L10.10 in VSMCs phenotype switching and the molecular mechanism in regulating MMP9 expression. Methods The expression of RP11-465L10.10 in vascular tissues and in VMSCs was detected by RT-qPCR. To investigate the role of RP11-465L10.10 on VSMCs phenotype switching, an RP11-465L10.10-overexpressed lentiviral vector was constructed and transfected into VSMCs. Through EdU staining, migration assay, flow cytometry analysis, the roles of RP11-465L10.10 were estimated. Bioinformatics indicated that RP11-465L10.10 upregulating MMP9 expression via NF-κB signaling, and SN50 (a specific inhibitor of NF-κB pathway) was used to inhibit the NF-κB pathway activation, then the expression of MMP9 was detected in RP11-465L10.10 overexpressed VMSCs. Results In this study, we found RP11-465L10.10 and MMP9 were highly increased in TAD patient tissues, which was consistent in angiotensin II-induced VSMCs phenotype switching. RP11-465L10.10 overexpression facilitated VSMCs phenotype switching and MMP9 expression. Mechanismly, NF-κB signal pathway was involved in RP11-465L10.10 induced VSMCs phenotype switching and MMP9 expression by transcriptome data analysis and experimental confirm. Conclusion This study demonstrated that RP11-465L10.10 induces VSMCs phenotype switching and MMP9 expression via the NF-κB signal pathway, suggesting that RP11-465L10.10 might be a potential therapeutic target for TAA/D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haoyue Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - You Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weizhang Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziying Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lianbo Shao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Searching for new molecular markers for cells obtained from abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Appl Genet 2021; 62:487-497. [PMID: 34080122 PMCID: PMC8357660 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate specific potential markers for cells obtained from three layers of human AAA divided into three segments along the AAA based on morphological differences. The isolated cells were compared to control commercial cell types from healthy human abdominal aortas. For each type of aortic layer, three specimens from 6 patients were compared. Total RNA was isolated from 36 cell cultures for gene expression profiling and potential new cytometry markers were typed. Isolated cells were analyzed by flow cytometry by using fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies to markers: CNN1, MYH10, ENG, ICAM2, and TEK. The relative expression of 45 genes in primary cell cultures and control lines was analyzed. Statistically significant differences were found in the expression of most of the analyzed genes between individual layers and control lines. Based on relative expression, antibodies were selected for flow cytometry. Gene expression profiles allowed to select new potential cytometry markers: CNN1, MYH10, MYOCD, ENG, ICAM2, TEK. However, none of the tested markers seems to be optimal and characteristic for a specific layer of AAA.
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Bruijn LE, van den Akker BEWM, van Rhijn CM, Hamming JF, Lindeman JHN. Extreme Diversity of the Human Vascular Mesenchymal Cell Landscape. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e017094. [PMID: 33190596 PMCID: PMC7763765 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Human mesenchymal cells are culprit factors in vascular (patho)physiology and are hallmarked by phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. At present, they are subdivided by classic umbrella terms, such as "fibroblasts," "myofibroblasts," "smooth muscle cells," "fibrocytes," "mesangial cells," and "pericytes." However, a discriminative marker-based subclassification has to date not been established. Methods and Results As a first effort toward a classification scheme, a systematic literature search was performed to identify the most commonly used phenotypical and functional protein markers for characterizing and classifying vascular mesenchymal cell subpopulation(s). We next applied immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to inventory the expression pattern of identified markers on human aorta specimens representing early, intermediate, and end stages of human atherosclerotic disease. Included markers comprise markers for mesenchymal lineage (vimentin, FSP-1 [fibroblast-specific protein-1]/S100A4, cluster of differentiation (CD) 90/thymocyte differentiation antigen 1, and FAP [fibroblast activation protein]), contractile/non-contractile phenotype (α-smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, and nonmuscle myosin heavy chain), and auxiliary contractile markers (h1-Calponin, h-Caldesmon, Desmin, SM22α [smooth muscle protein 22α], non-muscle myosin heavy chain, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, Smoothelin-B, α-Tropomyosin, and Telokin) or adhesion proteins (Paxillin and Vinculin). Vimentin classified as the most inclusive lineage marker. Subset markers did not separate along classic lines of smooth muscle cell, myofibroblast, or fibroblast, but showed clear temporal and spatial diversity. Strong indications were found for presence of stem cells/Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal cell Transition and fibrocytes in specific aspects of the human atherosclerotic process. Conclusions This systematic evaluation shows a highly diverse and dynamic landscape for the human vascular mesenchymal cell population that is not captured by the classic nomenclature. Our observations stress the need for a consensus multiparameter subclass designation along the lines of the cluster of differentiation classification for leucocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Bruijn
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Connie M. van Rhijn
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jaap F. Hamming
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jan H. N. Lindeman
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
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Lee JH, Kim J, Lee SJ, Kim YA, Maeng YI, Park KK. Apoptosis and fibrosis of vascular smooth muscle cells in aortic dissection: an immunohistochemical study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:1962-1969. [PMID: 32922591 PMCID: PMC7476953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aortic dissection (AD) is a fatal disease characterized by a ruptured intima that leads to the complete rupture of the aorta. The aim of this study is to examine the immunohistochemical expression of inflammation/fibrosis-associated chemical mediators in AD patients. Surgical specimens of aortic tissues were obtained from 37 patients who underwent an open thoracic aortic repair. AD was detected with histological staining. Local congestion and hemorrhage as well as chronic inflammatory cells infiltrations were observed at the dissection. Moreover, extensive disarrangement and disruption of elastic fibers were observed in the medial layer of the aorta with dissection. In summary, our study revealed that the apoptotic rate of vascular SMCs (VSMCs) in the vascular middle layer is higher in the dissected aortas than in the control aortas, suggesting that abnormally elevated apoptosis is correlated with AD pathogenesis. Functional studies of key genes identified in the apoptotic pathways as well as in extracellular matrix would be critical in thoroughly understanding the underlying mechanisms of AD development. Targeting the mediators related to TGF-β1, the Smad family proteins, and caspase 3 or anti-apoptotic agents may provide diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets that could be used to prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lee
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Junmo Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, National Forensic ServiceRepublic of Korea
| | - Sun-Jae Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-In Maeng
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguDaegu, Republic of Korea
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