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Marshall V WH, McConnell P. Surgical Considerations in Adult Congenital Heart Disease Heart Failure. Heart Fail Clin 2024; 20:199-208. [PMID: 38462324 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Surgical intervention is often used in the management of heart failure in patients with adult congenital heart disease. This review addresses anatomic variations and complications due to prior surgical interventions, including sternal reentry, collateral vessels, and the neo-aortic root after the Damus-Kaye-Stansel procedure. Surgical considerations for systemic atrioventricular valvular surgery, Fontan revision, and advanced heart failure therapies including ventricular assist devices, heart transplant, and combined heart-liver transplant are discussed, with a focus on unique patient populations including those with systemic right ventricles and those with Fontan circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Marshall V
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, 473 West 12th Avenue Suite 200, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Patrick McConnell
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Heart Center, 700 Children's Drive, 4th Floor Tower, Columbus, OH 43105, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Dodeja AK, Upadhyay S. Arrhythmias in Adult Congenital Heart Disease Heart Failure. Heart Fail Clin 2024; 20:175-188. [PMID: 38462322 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure and arrhythmias represent 2 major causes of mortality and morbidity in adults with congenital heart disease. Arrhythmias and heart failure are interdependent, and one may exacerbate the other. Treatment of one also has a positive impact on the other. Management approaches need to be multifaceted, including pharmacotherapy, optimization of hemodynamic status with catheter-based or surgical interventions, and specific management of arrhythmia with device or catheter ablation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anudeep K Dodeja
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Shailendra Upadhyay
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Connecticut Children's, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT 06106, USA.
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Reid CS, Kaiser HA, Heinisch PP, Bruelisauer T, Michel S, Siepe M. Ventricular assist device for Fontan: who, when and why? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2022; 35:12-17. [PMID: 34812751 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since the advent of the Fontan palliation, survival of patients with univentricular congenital heart disease has increased significantly. These patients will, however, ultimately develop heart failure requiring advanced therapies such as heart transplantation. As wait times are long, mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is an attractive therapy, both for bridge to transplantation and destination therapy in patients not suitable for transplantation. This review aims to summarize current thinking about how to determine which patients would benefit from a ventricular assist device (VAD), the optimal time for implantation and which device should be considered. RECENT FINDINGS VAD implantation in end-stage Fontan is still in its infancy; however, case reports and research interest have increased extensively in the past few years. Mortality is significantly higher than in noncongenital heart disease patients. Implantation in patients with primarily systolic dysfunction is indicated, whereas patients with increased transpulmonary gradient may not benefit from a single-VAD solution. When possible, implantation should occur prior to clinical decompensation with evidence of end-organ damage, as outcomes at this point are worse. SUMMARY Fontan patients demonstrating signs of heart failure should be evaluated early and often for feasibility and optimal timing of VAD implantation. The frequency of this procedure will likely increase significantly in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Reid
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heiko A Kaiser
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Centre for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hirslanden Klinik Aarau, Hirslanden Group, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Paul Philipp Heinisch
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Germany
- Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Bruelisauer
- German Heart Center Berlin, Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Michel
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Germany
- Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Siepe
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center University Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Gierlinger G, Sames-Dolzer E, Kreuzer M, Mair R, Nawrozi MP, Tulzer A, Bauer C, Tulzer G, Mair R. OUP accepted manuscript. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2022; 35:6570592. [PMID: 35438156 PMCID: PMC9419686 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Gierlinger
- Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
- Corresponding author. Department für Kinderherzchirurgie, Kepler Universitätsklinik, Med Campus III., Krankenhausstrasse 9, 4020 Linz, Austria. Tel: +43-732-7806-78230; e-mail: (G. Gierlinger)
| | - Eva Sames-Dolzer
- Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Michaela Kreuzer
- Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Roland Mair
- Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Mohammad-Paimann Nawrozi
- Department for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, JKU, Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Tulzer
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, JKU, Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Bauer
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, JKU, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerald Tulzer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, JKU, Linz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Mair
- Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
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Nakayama Y, Shinkawa T, Hoki R, Yoshida H, Katagiri J, Inai K, Niinami H. Surgical outcomes of reoperation after Fontan completion. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2021; 34:438-445. [PMID: 34849934 PMCID: PMC8860415 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivab339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients who have achieved Fontan circulation may require reoperation. We reviewed the outcomes of reoperation after Fontan completion and assessed the risk factors for poor outcomes. METHODS This was a retrospective study of 106 patients undergoing open-heart reoperations after Fontan completion in 2003 at a single institution. RESULTS The mean age at reoperation was 24.6 ± 8.3 years. A history of Fontan failure or end-organ dysfunction was noted in 30 patients. The reoperations included 73 total cavopulmonary connection conversions, 29 atrioventricular or semilunar valve operations (17 with total cavopulmonary connection conversions) and 4 other operations. Eight early deaths occurred. During a median follow-up of 5.5 (0.01–16.2) years, there were 3 late deaths and 9 second cardiac operations. The 10-year survival rate after reoperation was 89.8%, and the 5-year second cardiac operation-free survival was 84.3%. The 10-year survival rates were significantly lower in patients who underwent surgery before 2011 (75.8% vs 100%), had a history of Fontan failure or end-organ dysfunction (71.7% vs 97.3%), had preoperative central venous pressure >15 mmHg (64.9% vs 96.5%) and were operated on with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) (60.0% vs 91.3%). A history of Fontan failure or end-organ dysfunction, preoperative central venous pressure >15 mmHg and requirement of DHCA were identified as risk factors for mortality. CONCLUSIONS Reoperation after Fontan completion resulted in excellent mid-term outcomes. A history of failed Fontan circulation and the requirement of DHCA negatively affected survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shinkawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryogo Hoki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Katagiri
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Inai
- Department of Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Niinami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Patel SR, Costello JM, Andrei AC, Backer CL, Krawczeski CD, Deal BJ, Langman CB, Marino BS. Incidence, Predictors, and Impact of Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury Following Fontan Conversion Surgery in Young Adult Fontan Survivors. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 34:631-639. [PMID: 33691191 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication following single ventricle congenital heart surgery. Data regarding AKI following Fontan conversion (FC) surgery are limited. This study evaluated the incidence, predictors of, and prognostic value of AKI following FC. Single-center retrospective cohort study, including consecutive FC patients from December 1994 to December 2016. Medical records were reviewed. AKI was classified into AKI-1/AKI-2/AKI-3 using Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Multivariable logistic regression identified risk factors for AKI≥2. Chi-square and 2-sample t-tests assessed associations between AKI≥2 and postoperative outcomes. Mid-term heart-transplant-free survival among AKI0-1 vs AKI2-3 groups was compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test. We included 139 FC patients: age at FC 24 (25th-75th, 19-31) years; 81% initial atrio-pulmonary Fontan; follow-up 8.3 ± 5.3 years following FC. Post-FC, 63 patients (45%) developed AKI (AKI-1 = 37 [27%]; AKI-2 = 10 [7%]; AKI-3 = 16 [11%]). AKI recovered by hospital discharge in 86%, 80%, and 19% of patients with AKI-1/AKI-2/AKI-3, respectively. Independent risk factors for AKI≥2 included older age (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.01-1.15; P = 0.027); ≥3 prior sternotomies (OR = 6.11; 95%CI = 1.59-23.47; P = 0.009); greater preoperative right atrial pressure (OR 1.19; 1.02-1.38; P = 0.024), and prior catheter ablation procedure (OR 3.45; 1.17-10.18; P = 0.036). AKI≥2 was associated with: longer chest tube duration (9 [5-57] vs 7 [3-28] days; P = 0.01); longer mechanical ventilation time (2 [1-117] vs 1 [1-6] days; P = 0.01); greater need for dialysis (31% v s0%; P < 0.001); and longer postoperative length of stay (18 [8-135] vs 10 [6-58] days; P < 0.001). AKI 2-3 patients had worse mid-term heart-transplant-free survival. Half of the patients undergoing FC develop AKI. AKI 2-3 is associated with worse early postoperative outcomes and reduced mid-term transplant-free survival following FC. Knowledge of AKI predictors may allow for improved FC risk stratification, patient selection, and perioperative management in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal R Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - John M Costello
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics at Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Adin-Cristian Andrei
- Department of Preventive Medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Carl L Backer
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kentucky Children Hospital, Division of surgery at University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Catherine D Krawczeski
- Division of Cardiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Barbara J Deal
- Division of Cardiology, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Craig B Langman
- Division of Kidney Diseases, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bradley S Marino
- Division of Cardiology, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Kato A, Sato J, Yoshii K, Yoshida S, Nishikawa H, Ohashi N, Sakurai T, Sakurai H, Hata T, Yoshikawa T. The mid-term outcome of Fontan conversion compared with primary total cavopulmonary connection. J Cardiol 2021; 78:213-218. [PMID: 33648806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The indication of Fontan conversion (FC) from atriopulmonary connection (APC) to total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) is unclear. We sought to analyze the mid-term outcome of prophylactic and therapeutic Fontan conversion compared with that of primary TCPC. METHODS Patients with a univentricular heart who underwent cardiac catheterization at >18 years of age between July 2005 and July 2019 were included and divided into three groups: symptomatic APC patients who underwent therapeutic FC (t-FC, n = 13), asymptomatic APC patients after prophylactic FC (p-FC, n = 15), and patients who had primary TCPC procedure (pTCPC, n = 24). RESULTS The mean last follow up was at the age of 32.0 ± 7.8, 26.8 ± 3.8, and 27.3 ± 7 years (p = 0.07) in t-FC, p-FC, and pTCPC, respectively. There was no late death. All of t-FC and 12 (80%) of p-FC cases underwent concomitant arrhythmic surgery. Consequently, five and four patients in t-FC and p-FC groups required pacemaker implantations mostly due to sinus node dysfunction. Thromboembolism was seen in 2 cases in both t-FC (15%) and p-FC (13%), and 1 case in pTCPC (4%) (p = 0.50). The last cardiac catheterization was performed at the age of 29.5 ± 8.5, 24.6 ± 3.8, and 26.3 ± 7.1 years (p = 0.11) in t-FC, p-FC, and pTCPC patients, respectively. There was no significant difference in central venous pressure, aortic pressure, and cardiac index among the three groups. There was no late supraventricular tachyarrhythmic event seen in t-FC and p-FC, whereas two patients in pTCPC had newly developed atrial flutter. CONCLUSIONS FC is a safe and feasible procedure to bring APC patients back onto the same track of primary TCPC patients in terms of hemodynamics as well as arrhythmia. The antiarrhythmic procedure should be carefully chosen because sinus node dysfunction can frequently occur and FC itself would reduce the risk of arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kato
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, JCHO Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.
| | - Jun Sato
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, JCHO Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Yoshii
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, JCHO Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, JCHO Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishikawa
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, JCHO Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohashi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, JCHO Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahisa Sakurai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, JCHO Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hajime Sakurai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, JCHO Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Hata
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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Kelly JM, Mirhaidari GJM, Chang YC, Shinoka T, Breuer CK, Yates AR, Hor KN. Evaluating the Longevity of the Fontan Pathway. Pediatr Cardiol 2020; 41:1539-1547. [PMID: 33161457 PMCID: PMC10017017 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-020-02452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Children born with single ventricle physiology who undergo Fontan palliation face a diverse set of long-term complications. However, patient follow-up has in large part been limited to single institutional experiences without uniform application of diagnostic modalities to screen for relevant outcomes. Additionally, the use of different graft materials and variable surgical technique as part of the Fontan procedure has further complicated the evaluation of single ventricle patients. The purpose of this review is to define the changes in the Fontan pathway specific to the graft material used and its relationship to patient outcomes. As a means of introduction, we briefly review the historical evolution of the Fontan procedure with a focus on the intent behind design changes and incorporation of different biomaterials. We further delineate changes to the Fontan pathway which include the development of stenosis, differential growth, thrombosis, and calcification. Ultimately, the recognition of the changes noted within the Fontan pathway need to be assessed relative to their impact on patient hemodynamics, functional capacity, and Fontan-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Kelly
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute At Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Gabriel J M Mirhaidari
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute At Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yu-Chun Chang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute At Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Toshiharu Shinoka
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute At Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christopher K Breuer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute At Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew R Yates
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kan N Hor
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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Alnoor M, Marshall M, Balaji S. Current Treatment Options of Fontan Arrhythmias: Etiology, Incidence, and Diagnosis. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11936-020-00849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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