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Chan K, Conroy A, Khosla A, Rubens M, Saxena A, Ramamoorthy V, Roy M, Appunni S, Doke M, Ahmed MA, Zhang Z, McGranaghan P, Chaparro S, Jimenez J. Prevalence and effects of acute myocardial infarction on hospital outcomes among COVID-19 patients. Coron Artery Dis 2024; 35:38-43. [PMID: 37876241 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000001293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most lethal complications of COVID-19 hospitalization. In this study, we looked for the occurrence of AMI and its effects on hospital outcomes among COVID-19 patients. METHODS Data from the 2020 California State Inpatient Database was used retrospectively. All COVID-19 hospitalizations with age ≥ 18 years were included in the analyses. Adverse hospital outcomes included in-hospital mortality, prolonged length of stay (LOS), vasopressor use, mechanical ventilation, and ICU admission. Prolonged LOS was defined as any hospital LOS ≥ 75th percentile. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to understand the strength of associations after adjusting for cofactors. RESULTS Our analysis had 94 114 COVID-19 hospitalizations, and 1548 (1.6%) had AMI. Mortality (43.2% vs. 10.8%, P < 0.001), prolonged LOS (39.9% vs. 28.2%, P < 0.001), vasopressor use (7.8% vs. 2.1%, P < 0.001), mechanical ventilation (35.0% vs. 9.7%, P < 0.001), and ICU admission (33.0% vs. 9.4%, P < 0.001) were significantly higher among COVID-19 hospitalizations with AMI. The odds of adverse outcomes such as mortality (aOR 3.90, 95% CI: 3.48-4.36), prolonged LOS (aOR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.10-1.37), vasopressor use (aOR 3.71, 95% CI: 3.30-4.17), mechanical ventilation (aOR 2.71, 95% CI: 2.21-3.32), and ICU admission (aOR 3.51, 95% CI: 3.12-3.96) were significantly more among COVID-19 hospitalizations with AMI. CONCLUSION Despite the very low prevalence of AMI among COVID-19 hospitalizations, the study showed a substantially greater risk of adverse hospital outcomes and mortality. COVID-19 patients with AMI should be aggressively treated to improve hospital outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Chan
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale
| | | | - Atulya Khosla
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida
| | - Muni Rubens
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Universidad Espíritu Santo, Ecuador
| | - Anshul Saxena
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Center for Advanced Analytics, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Mukesh Roy
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida
| | | | - Mayur Doke
- University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Md Ashfaq Ahmed
- Center for Advanced Analytics, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- Center for Advanced Analytics, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Sandra Chaparro
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Javier Jimenez
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
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Pourasghari H, Kolivand P, Azari S, Saberian P, Behzadifar M, Omidi N, Salehbeigi S, Raei B, Rajaie S, Luigi Bragazzi N, Golpira R, Khorgami MR, Khani M, Montazerinamin S, Lotfi F, Tajdini M. Epidemiological, clinical, and economic burden of myocardial infarction patients in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2023; 49:101288. [PMID: 38020058 PMCID: PMC10652134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2023.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background To define changes in AMI case rates, patient demographics, cardiovascular comorbidities, treatment approaches, in-hospital outcomes, and the economic burden of COVID-19 during the pandemic. Methods We conducted a multicenter, observational survey with selected hospitals from three medical universities in Tehran city. A data collection tool consisting of three parts. The first part included socio-demographic information, and the second part included clinical information, major complications, and in-hospital mortality. Finally, the third part was related to the direct medical costs generated by AMI in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. The study cohort comprised 4,560 hospitalizations for AMI (2,935 for STEMI [64%] and 1,625 for NSTEMI [36%]). Results Of those hospitalized for AMI, 1,864 (76.6 %) and 1,659 (78 %) were male before the COVID-19 outbreak and during the COVID-19 era, respectively. The length of stay (LOS), was significantly lower during the COVID-19 pandemic era (4.27 ± 3.63 vs 5.24 ± 5.17, p = 0.00). Results showed that there were no significant differences in terms of patient risk factors across periods. A total of 2,126 AMIs were registered during the COVID-19 era, with a 12.65 % reduction (95 % CI 1.5-25.1) compared with the equivalent time in 2019 (P = 0.179). The risk of in-hospital mortality rate for AMI patients increased from 4.9 % in 2019 to 7.0 % in the COVID-19 era (OR = 1.42; 95 % CI 1.11-1.82; P = 0.004). Major complications were registered in 9.7 % of cases in 2020, which is higher than the rate of 6.6 % reported in 2019 (OR = 1.46, 95 % CI 1.11-1.82; P = 0.000). Total costs in hospitalized AMI-COVID patients averaged $188 more than in AMI patients (P = 0.020). Conclusion This cross-sectional study found important changes in AMI hospitalization rates, worse outcomes, and higher costs during the COVID-19 periods. Future studies are recommended to examine the long-term outcomes of hospitalized AMI patients during the COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Pourasghari
- Hospital Management Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pirhossein Kolivand
- Department of Health Economics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Azari
- Hospital Management Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Saberian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Behzadifar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Negar Omidi
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Salehbeigi
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Raei
- Razi Educational and Therapeutic Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Rajaie
- Research Center for Emergency and Disaster Resilience, Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Hospital Management Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Golpira
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammd Rafie Khorgami
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Montazerinamin
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Lotfi
- National Center for Health Insurance Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masih Tajdini
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cao Q, Du X, Jiang XY, Tian Y, Gao CH, Liu ZY, Xu T, Tao XX, Lei M, Wang XQ, Ye LL, Duan DD. Phenome-wide association study and precision medicine of cardiovascular diseases in the post-COVID-19 era. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2347-2357. [PMID: 37532784 PMCID: PMC10692238 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes injuries of not only the lungs but also the heart and endothelial cells in vasculature of multiple organs, and induces systemic inflammation and immune over-reactions, which makes COVID-19 a disease phenome that simultaneously affects multiple systems. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are intrinsic risk and causative factors for severe COVID-19 comorbidities and death. The wide-spread infection and reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the long-COVID may become a new common threat to human health and propose unprecedented impact on the risk factors, pathophysiology, and pharmacology of many diseases including CVD for a long time. COVID-19 has highlighted the urgent demand for precision medicine which needs new knowledge network to innovate disease taxonomy for more precise diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of disease. A deeper understanding of CVD in the setting of COVID-19 phenome requires a paradigm shift from the current phenotypic study that focuses on the virus or individual symptoms to phenomics of COVID-19 that addresses the inter-connectedness of clinical phenotypes, i.e., clinical phenome. Here, we summarize the CVD manifestations in the full clinical spectrum of COVID-19, and the phenome-wide association study of CVD interrelated to COVID-19. We discuss the underlying biology for CVD in the COVID-19 phenome and the concept of precision medicine with new phenomic taxonomy that addresses the overall pathophysiological responses of the body to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also briefly discuss the unique taxonomy of disease as Zheng-hou patterns in traditional Chinese medicine, and their potential implications in precision medicine of CVD in the post-COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cao
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xin Du
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Jiang
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Chen-Hao Gao
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zi-Yu Liu
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xing-Xing Tao
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Wang
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Lingyu Linda Ye
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases and Precision Medicie, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750001, China.
| | - Dayue Darrel Duan
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases and Precision Medicie, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750001, China.
- The Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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Asanin M, Ercegovac M, Krljanac G, Djukic T, Coric V, Jerotic D, Pljesa-Ercegovac M, Matic M, Milosevic I, Viduljevic M, Stevanovic G, Ranin J, Simic T, Bukumiric Z, Savic-Radojevic A. Antioxidant Genetic Variants Modify Echocardiography Indices in Long COVID. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10234. [PMID: 37373377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although disturbance of redox homeostasis might be responsible for COVID-19 cardiac complications, this molecular mechanism has not been addressed yet. We have proposed modifying the effects of antioxidant proteins polymorphisms (superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, (Nrf2)) in individual susceptibility towards the development of cardiac manifestations of long COVID-19. The presence of subclinical cardiac dysfunction was assessed via echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in 174 convalescent COVID-19 patients. SOD2, GPX1, GPX3 and Nrf2 polymorphisms were determined via the appropriate PCR methods. No significant association of the investigated polymorphisms with the risk of arrhythmia development was found. However, the carriers of variant GPX1*T, GPX3*C or Nrf2*A alleles were more than twice less prone for dyspnea development in comparison with the carriers of the referent ones. These findings were even more potentiated in the carriers of any two variant alleles of these genes (OR = 0.273, and p = 0.016). The variant GPX alleles were significantly associated with left atrial and right ventricular echocardiographic parameters, specifically LAVI, RFAC and RV-EF (p = 0.025, p = 0.009, and p = 0.007, respectively). Based on the relation between the variant SOD2*T allele and higher levels of LV echocardiographic parameters, EDD, LVMI and GLS, as well as troponin T (p = 0.038), it can be proposed that recovered COVID-19 patients, who are the carriers of this genetic variant, might have subtle left ventricular systolic dysfunction. No significant association between the investigated polymorphisms and cardiac disfunction was observed when cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Our results on the association between antioxidant genetic variants and long COVID cardiological manifestations highlight the involvement of genetic propensity in both acute and long COVID clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milika Asanin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Ercegovac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Krljanac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Djukic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Coric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djurdja Jerotic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Pljesa-Ercegovac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Matic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Milosevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Goran Stevanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovan Ranin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Simic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Bukumiric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Savic-Radojevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Polyzogopoulou E, Amoiridou P, Abraham TP, Ventoulis I. Acute liver injury in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit: Narrative review. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6662-6688. [PMID: 36620339 PMCID: PMC9813941 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i47.6662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, humanity has been confronted with a global pandemic due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has caused an unprecedented health and economic crisis worldwide. Apart from the respiratory symptoms, which are considered the principal manifestations of COVID-19, it has been recognized that COVID-19 constitutes a systemic inflammatory process affecting multiple organ systems. Across the spectrum of organ involvement in COVID-19, acute liver injury (ALI) has been gradually gaining increasing attention by the international scientific community. COVID-19 associated liver impairment can affect a considerable proportion of COVID-19 patients and seems to correlate with the severity of the disease course. Indeed, COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) run a greater risk of developing ALI due to the severity of their clinical condition and in the context of multi-organ failure. The putative pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19 induced ALI in ICU patients remain poorly understood and appear to be multifactorial in nature. Several theories have been proposed to explain the occurrence of ALI in the ICU setting, such as hypoperfusion and ischemia due to hemodynamic instability, passive liver congestion as a result of congestive heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury, hypoxia due to respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation itself, sepsis and septic shock, cytokine storm, endotheliitis with concomitant coagulopathy, drug-induced liver injury, parenteral nutrition and direct cytopathic viral effect. It should be noted that no specific therapy for COVID-19 induced ALI exists. Therefore, the therapeutic approach lies in preventive measures and is exclusively supportive once ALI ensues. The aim of the current review is to scrutinize the existing evidence on COVID-19 associated ALI in ICU patients, explore its clinical implications, shed light on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and propose potential therapeutic approaches. Ongoing research on the particular scientific field will further elucidate the pathophysiology behind ALI and address unresolved issues, in the hope of mitigating the tremendous health consequences imposed by COVID-19 on ICU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie Polyzogopoulou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Amoiridou
- Department of Intensive Care, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 54621, Greece
| | - Theodore P Abraham
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94117, United States
| | - Ioannis Ventoulis
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Macedonia, Ptolemaida 50200, Greece
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Mojica-Pisciotti ML, Panovský R, Holeček T, Opatřil L. CMR Findings in COVID-19 Recovered Patients: A Review on Parametric Mapping, Feature-Tracking, and LGE. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:355. [PMID: 39076192 PMCID: PMC11269062 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2311355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization raised the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) status to a pandemic level. The disease caused a global outbreak with devastating consequences, and a fair percentage of patients who have recovered from it continue experiencing persistent sequelae. Hence, identifying the medium and long-term effects of the COVID-19 disease is crucial for its future management. In particular, cardiac complications, from affected function to myocardial injuries, have been reported in these patients. Considering that cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is the gold standard in diagnosing myocardial involvement and has more advantages than other medical imaging modalities, assessing the outcomes of patients who recovered from COVID-19 with CMR could prove beneficial. This review compiles common findings in CMR in patients from the general population who recovered from COVID-19. The CMR-based techniques comprised parametric mapping for analyzing myocardial composition, feature tracking for studying regional heart deformation, and late gadolinium enhancement for detecting compromised areas in the cardiac muscle. A total of 19 studies were included. The evidence suggests that it is more likely to find signs of myocardial injury in patients who recovered from COVID-19 than in healthy controls, including changes in T1 and T2 mapping relaxation times, affected strain, or the presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) lesions. However, more than two years after the outbreak, there is still a lack of consensus about how these parameters may indicate cardiac involvement in patients who recovered from the disease, as limited and contradictory data is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Luz Mojica-Pisciotti
- International Clinical Research Center at St. Anne's University Hospital, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Panovský
- International Clinical Research Center at St. Anne's University Hospital, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine/Cardioangiology at St. Anne's University Hospital, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Bohunice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Holeček
- International Clinical Research Center at St. Anne's University Hospital, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Opatřil
- International Clinical Research Center at St. Anne's University Hospital, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine/Cardioangiology at St. Anne's University Hospital, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Bohunice, Czech Republic
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Finsterer J. Consider alternative causes before allocating acute ischaemic stroke to COVID-19. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022; 93:jnnp-2022-329029. [PMID: 35246492 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-329029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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