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Li Y, Wu S, Zhao X, Hao S, Li F, Wang Y, Liu B, Zhang D, Wang Y, Zhou H. Key events in cancer: Dysregulation of SREBPs. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1130747. [PMID: 36969840 PMCID: PMC10030587 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1130747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism reprogramming is an important hallmark of tumor progression. Cancer cells require high levels of lipid synthesis and uptake not only to support their continued replication, invasion, metastasis, and survival but also to participate in the formation of biological membranes and signaling molecules. Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are core transcription factors that control lipid metabolism and the expression of important genes for lipid synthesis and uptake. A growing number of studies have shown that SREBPs are significantly upregulated in human cancers and serve as intermediaries providing a mechanistic link between lipid metabolism reprogramming and malignancy. Different subcellular localizations, including endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and nucleus, play an indispensable role in regulating the cleavage maturation and activity of SREBPs. In this review, we focus on the relationship between aberrant regulation of SREBPs activity in three organelles and tumor progression. Because blocking the regulation of lipid synthesis by SREBPs has gradually become an important part of tumor therapy, this review also summarizes and analyzes several current mainstream strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkuo Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shouwang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiming Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Faping Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Difei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yishu Wang, Honglan Zhou,
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yishu Wang, Honglan Zhou,
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Bafiti V, Ouzounis S, Siapi E, Grypari IM, Theofanopoulos A, Panagiotopoulos V, Zolota V, Kardamakis D, Katsila T. Bioenergetic Profiling in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients with Different Clinical Outcomes. Metabolites 2023; 13:362. [PMID: 36984801 PMCID: PMC10051505 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of cell biomass is associated with dramatically increased bioenergetic and biosynthetic demand. Metabolic reprogramming, once thought as an epiphenomenon, currently relates to disease progression, also in response to extracellular fate-decisive signals. Glioblastoma multiforme patients often suffer misdiagnosis, short survival time, low quality of life, and poor disease management options. Today, tumor genetic testing and histological analysis guide diagnosis and treatment. We and others appreciate that metabolites complement translational biomarkers and molecular signatures in disease profiling and phenotyping. Herein, we coupled a mixed-methods content analysis to a mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomic analysis on plasma samples from glioblastoma multiforme patients to delineate the role of metabolic remodeling in biological plasticity and, hence, disease severity. Following data processing and analysis, we established a bioenergetic profile coordinated by the mitochondrial function and redox state, lipids, and energy substrates. Our findings show that epigenetic modulators are key players in glioblastoma multiforme cell metabolism, in particular when microRNAs are considered. We propose that biological plasticity in glioblastoma multiforme is a mechanism of adaptation and resistance to treatment which is eloquently revealed by bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivi Bafiti
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiris Ouzounis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Siapi
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Maria Grypari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Vasiliki Zolota
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kardamakis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Theodora Katsila
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
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Zong Q, Qu H, Zhao Y, Liu H, Wu S, Wang S, Bao W, Cai D. Sodium butyrate alleviates deoxynivalenol-induced hepatic cholesterol metabolic dysfunction via RORγ-mediated histone acetylation modification in weaning piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:133. [PMID: 36550531 PMCID: PMC9783825 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol is an essential component of lipid rafts in cell plasma membrane, which exerts a hepatoprotective role against mycotoxin exposure in pigs, and cholesterol metabolism is vulnerable to epigenetic histone acetylation. Therefore, our present study aimed to investigate whether a histone deacetylase inhibitor (sodium butyrate [NaBu]) could protect the porcine liver from deoxynivalenol (DON) exposure by modulating cholesterol metabolism. Herein, we randomly divided 28 pigs into four groups, which were fed an uncontaminated basal diet, contaminated diet (4 mg DON/kg), uncontaminated diet supplemented with 0.2% NaBu or 4 mg/kg DON contaminated diet (4 mg DON/kg) supplemented with 0.2% NaBu for 28 d. RESULTS We found that the serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were all increased in pigs exposed to DON, indicative of significant liver injury. Furthermore, the cholesterol content in the serum of DON-exposed pigs was significantly reduced, compared to the healthy Vehicle group. Transcriptome analysis of porcine liver tissues revealed that the cholesterol homeostasis pathway was highly enriched due to DON exposure. In which we validated by qRT-PCR and western blotting that the cholesterol program was markedly activated. Importantly, NaBu effectively restored parameters associated with liver injury, along with the cholesterol content and the expression of key genes involved in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Mechanistically, we performed a ChIP-seq analysis of H3K27ac and showed that NaBu strongly diminished DON-increased H3K27ac genome-wide enrichment. We further validated that the elevated H3K27ac and H3K9ac occupancies on cholesterol biosynthesis genes were both decreased by NaBu, as determined by ChIP-qPCR analysis. Notably, nuclear receptor RORγ, a novel regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis, was found in the hyperacetylated regions. Again, a remarkable increase of RORγ at both mRNA and protein levels in DON-exposed porcine livers was drastically reduced by NaBu. Consistent with RORγ expression, NaBu also hindered RORγ transcriptional binding enrichments on these activated cholesterol biosynthesis genes like HMGCR, SQLE, and DHCR24. Furthermore, we conducted an in vitro luciferase reporter assay to verify that porcine RORγ directly bonds to the promoters of the above target genes. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results demonstrate the utility of the natural product NaBu as a potential anti-mycotoxin nutritional strategy for regulating cholesterol metabolism via RORγ-mediated histone acetylation modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufang Zong
- grid.268415.cCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 PR China
| | - Huan Qu
- grid.268415.cCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 PR China
| | - Yahui Zhao
- grid.268415.cCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 PR China
| | - Haoyu Liu
- grid.268415.cCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 PR China
| | - Shenglong Wu
- grid.268415.cCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 PR China ,grid.268415.cJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 PR China
| | - Wenbin Bao
- grid.268415.cCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 PR China ,grid.268415.cJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 PR China
| | - Demin Cai
- grid.268415.cCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 PR China ,grid.268415.cJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 PR China
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Barradas M, Plaza A, Colmenarejo G, Lázaro I, Costa-Machado LF, Martín-Hernández R, Micó V, López-Aceituno JL, Herranz J, Pantoja C, Tejero H, Diaz-Ruiz A, Al-Shahrour F, Daimiel L, Loria-Kohen V, de Molina AR, Efeyan A, Serrano M, Pozo OJ, Sala-Vila A, Fernandez-Marcos PJ. Fatty acids homeostasis during fasting predicts protection from chemotherapy toxicity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5677. [PMID: 36167809 PMCID: PMC9515185 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting exerts beneficial effects in mice and humans, including protection from chemotherapy toxicity. To explore the involved mechanisms, we collect blood from humans and mice before and after 36 or 24 hours of fasting, respectively, and measure lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes, circulating micro RNAs (miRNAs), and RNA expression at peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Fasting coordinately affects the proportion of polyunsaturated versus saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids at the erythrocyte membrane; and reduces the expression of insulin signaling-related genes in PBMCs. When fasted for 24 hours before and 24 hours after administration of oxaliplatin or doxorubicin, mice show a strong protection from toxicity in several tissues. Erythrocyte membrane lipids and PBMC gene expression define two separate groups of individuals that accurately predict a differential protection from chemotherapy toxicity, with important clinical implications. Our results reveal a mechanism of fasting associated with lipid homeostasis, and provide biomarkers of fasting to predict fasting-mediated protection from chemotherapy toxicity. Fasting has been reported to protect from chemotherapy-associated toxicity. Here, the authors show that fatty acid profiles in erythrocyte membranes and gene expression from peripheral blood mononuclear cells are associated to the fasting-mediated benefits during cancer treatment in mice and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Barradas
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián Plaza
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Colmenarejo
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iolanda Lázaro
- Cardiovascular risk and nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Filipe Costa-Machado
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Martín-Hernández
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Micó
- Nutritional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis López-Aceituno
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Herranz
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Pantoja
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector Tejero
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Diaz-Ruiz
- Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and Aging, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fatima Al-Shahrour
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, Platform GENYAL, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramirez de Molina
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, Platform GENYAL, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejo Efeyan
- Metabolism and Cell Signaling Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar J Pozo
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute-(IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Cardiovascular risk and nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain.,Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Pablo J Fernandez-Marcos
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhao Q, Lin X, Wang G. Targeting SREBP-1-Mediated Lipogenesis as Potential Strategies for Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:952371. [PMID: 35912181 PMCID: PMC9330218 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.952371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), a transcription factor with a basic helix–loop–helix leucine zipper, has two isoforms, SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c, derived from the same gene for regulating the genes of lipogenesis, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase. Importantly, SREBP-1 participates in metabolic reprogramming of various cancers and has been a biomarker for the prognosis or drug efficacy for the patients with cancer. In this review, we first introduced the structure, activation, and key upstream signaling pathway of SREBP-1. Then, the potential targets and molecular mechanisms of SREBP-1-regulated lipogenesis in various types of cancer, such as colorectal, prostate, breast, and hepatocellular cancer, were summarized. We also discussed potential therapies targeting the SREBP-1-regulated pathway by small molecules, natural products, or the extracts of herbs against tumor progression. This review could provide new insights in understanding advanced findings about SREBP-1-mediated lipogenesis in cancer and its potential as a target for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingyu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xingyu Lin, ; Guan Wang,
| | - Guan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xingyu Lin, ; Guan Wang,
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6
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Dalgaard LT, Sørensen AE, Hardikar AA, Joglekar MV. The microRNA-29 family - role in metabolism and metabolic disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C367-C377. [PMID: 35704699 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00051.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The microRNA-29a family members miR-29a-3p, miR-29b-3p and miR-29c-3p are ubiquitously expressed and consistently increased in various tissues and cell types in conditions of metabolic disease; obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In pancreatic beta cells, miR-29a is required for normal exocytosis, but increased levels are associated with impaired beta cell function. Similarly, in liver miR-29 species are higher in models of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, and either knock-out or depletion using a microRNA inhibitor improves hepatic insulin resistance. In skeletal muscle, miR-29 upregulation is associated with insulin resistance and altered substrate oxidation, and similarly, in adipocytes over-expression of miR-29a leads to insulin resistance. Blocking miR-29a using nucleic acid antisense therapeutics show promising results in preclinical animal models of obesity and type 2 diabetes, although the widespread expression pattern of miR-29 family members complicates the exploration of single target tissues. However, in fibrotic diseases, such as in late complications of diabetes and metabolic disease (diabetic kidney disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis), miR-29 expression is suppressed by TGFβ allowing increased extracellular matrix collagen to form. In the clinical setting circulating levels of miR-29a and miR-29b are consistently increased in type 2 diabetes and in gestational diabetes, and are also possible prognostic markers for deterioration of glucose tolerance. In conclusion, miR-29 plays an essential role in various organs relevant to intermediary metabolism and its upregulation contribute to impaired glucose metabolism, while it suppresses fibrosis development. Thus, a correct balance of miR-29a levels seems important for cellular and organ homeostasis in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise T Dalgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anja E Sørensen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mugdha V Joglekar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Markouli M, Strepkos D, Papavassiliou KA, Papavassiliou AG, Piperi C. Crosstalk of Epigenetic and Metabolic Signaling Underpinning Glioblastoma Pathogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112655. [PMID: 35681635 PMCID: PMC9179868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epigenetic mechanisms can modulate key genes involved in the cellular metabolism of glioblastomas and participate in their pathogenesis by increasing their heterogeneity, plasticity, and malignancy. Although most epigenetic modifications can primarily promote the activity of metabolic pathways, they may also exert an inhibitory role. The detection of key metabolic alterations in gliomas regulated by epigenetic mechanisms will enable drug development and effective molecular targeting, improvement of therapeutic schemes, and patients’ management. Abstract Metabolic alterations in neoplastic cells have recently gained increasing attention as a main topic of research, playing a crucial regulatory role in the development and progression of tumors. The interplay between epigenetic modifications and metabolic pathways in glioblastoma cells has emerged as a key pathogenic area with great potential for targeted therapy. Epigenetic mechanisms have been demonstrated to affect main metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, lipid, and glutamine metabolism by modifying key regulatory genes. Although epigenetic modifications can primarily promote the activity of metabolic pathways, they may also exert an inhibitory role. In this way, they participate in a complex network of interactions that regulate the metabolic behavior of malignant cells, increasing their heterogeneity and plasticity. Herein, we discuss the main epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the metabolic pathways in glioblastoma cells and highlight their targeting potential against tumor progression.
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Circulating MicroRNAs as a Tool for Diagnosis of Liver Disease Progression in People Living with HIV-1. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061118. [PMID: 35746590 PMCID: PMC9227922 DOI: 10.3390/v14061118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding specific cell mRNA targets, preventing their translation. miRNAs are implicated in the regulation of important physiological and pathological pathways. Liver disease, including injury, fibrosis, metabolism dysregulation, and tumor development disrupts liver-associated miRNAs. In addition to their effect in the originating tissue, miRNAs can also circulate in body fluids. miRNA release is an important form of intercellular communication that plays a role in the physiological and pathological processes underlying multiple diseases. Circulating plasma levels of miRNAs have been identified as potential disease biomarkers. One of the main challenges clinics face is the lack of available noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting the different stages of liver disease (e.g., nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis), particularly among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Liver disease is a leading cause of death unrelated to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). Here, we review and discuss the utility of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of liver disease in PLWH. Remarkably, the identification of dysregulated miRNA expression may also identify targets for new therapeutics.
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Palihaderu PADS, Mendis BILM, Premarathne JMKJK, Dias WKRR, Yeap SK, Ho WY, Dissanayake AS, Rajapakse IH, Karunanayake P, Senarath U, Satharasinghe DA. Potential role of microRNAs in selective hepatic insulin resistance: From paradox to the paradigm. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1028846. [PMID: 36479211 PMCID: PMC9720316 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1028846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The paradoxical action of insulin on hepatic glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in the insulin-resistant state has been of much research interest in recent years. Generally, insulin resistance would promote hepatic gluconeogenesis and demote hepatic de novo lipogenesis. The underlying major drivers of these mechanisms were insulin-dependent, via FOXO-1-mediated gluconeogenesis and SREBP1c-mediated lipogenesis. However, insulin-resistant mouse models have shown high glucose levels as well as excess lipid accumulation. As suggested, the inert insulin resistance causes the activation of the FOXO-1 pathway promoting gluconeogenesis. However, it does not affect the SREBP1c pathway; therefore, cells continue de novo lipogenesis. Many hypotheses were suggested for this paradoxical action occurring in insulin-resistant rodent models. A "downstream branch point" in the insulin-mediated pathway was suggested to act differentially on the FOXO-1 and SREBP1c pathways. MicroRNAs have been widely studied for their action of pathway mediation via suppressing the intermediate protein expressions. Many in vitro studies have postulated the roles of hepato-specific expressions of miRNAs on insulin cascade. Thus, miRNA would play a pivotal role in selective hepatic insulin resistance. As observed, there were confirmations and contradictions between the outcomes of gene knockout studies conducted on selective hepatic insulin resistance and hepato-specific miRNA expression studies. Furthermore, these studies had evaluated only the effect of miRNAs on glucose metabolism and few on hepatic de novo lipogenesis, limiting the ability to conclude their role in selective hepatic insulin resistance. Future studies conducted on the role of miRNAs on selective hepatic insulin resistance warrant the understanding of this paradoxical action of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Panduka Karunanayake
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Upul Senarath
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Dilan Amila Satharasinghe
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- *Correspondence: Dilan Amila Satharasinghe,
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miR-F4-C12 Functions on the Regulation of Adipose Accumulation by Targeting PIK3R1 in Castrated Male Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113053. [PMID: 34827785 PMCID: PMC8614499 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary MicroRNAs play crucial roles in regulating adipogenesis and fat storage; their role in regulating castrated male pig adipose growth is worth elucidating. Four nine-fold differentially expressed miRNAs were selected to investigate their functions on the regulation of adipose development based on our previous study. In 3T3-L1 cells and backfat tissues of castrated and intact male pigs, miR-F4-C12 was identified as involved in the adipose development using qRT-PCR and oil O staining. PIK3R1 was proposed by the TargetScan, miRDB and starBase as a target of miR-F4-C12 and verified through a dual-luciferase reporter assay and Western blot. These results revealed that miR-F4-C12 may regulate adipose accumulation in castrated male pigs by targeting PIK3R1. Our data provide a valuable foundation to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in adipose tissue metabolism to castration-induced sex hormone deficiency. Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute small regulatory molecules for a wide array of biological activities (18~24 nucleotides in length), including adipogenesis and adipose deposition. Their effect is, however, incompletely defined in inducing fat accumulation in castrated male pigs. Based on our study, four nine-times miRNAs were selected to examine their functions in adipose formation activities. In 3T3-L1 cells and backfat tissues of castrated and intact male pigs, miR-F4-C12 was identified as a factor in adipose development utilizing quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Further, miR-F4-C12 was identified to promote fat development, suggesting that miR-F4-C12 was involved in adipogenesis. Moreover, phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1) was proposed by the TargetScan, miRDB and starBase as a target of miR-F4-C12 and verified through a two-luciferase reporter assay. The over-expression of miR-F4-C12 dramatically decreases the PIK3R1 protein level in 3T3-L1 cells. The mRNA and protein levels of PIK3R1 in castrated pigs are reduced relative to intact pigs, providing further evidence that PIK3R1 is involved in regulating adipose accumulation. These results suggest that miR-F4-C12 involves adipose development and may regulate subcutaneous adipose tissue accumulation by targeting PIK3R1 in castrated male pigs.
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11
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Wang J, Yang Y, Xing B, Chen J, Lu Q, Zhang J, Ren Q, Ma Q, Guo H, Cao H. Castration induced circRNA expressional changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue of male pigs. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13648. [PMID: 34676628 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) participated in regulation of lipid metabolism; however, its functional role on castration-induced lipid deposition has not been deeply researched. So in this research, we firstly compared circRNAs expressional differences in subcutaneous adipose tissue between intact and castrated male Huainan pigs. A total of 6116 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) were detected between these two groups (|log2 foldchange| ≥ 1 and padj ≤ 0.05); GO and KEGG analysis showed that their parent genes were mainly enriched in metabolism-related pathway. And TGF-beta, insulin, AMPK, and MAPK pathways might play vital role in castration-induced lipid deposition. The miRNAs enriched in the constructed circRNA-miRNA network were mainly participated in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism, such as miR-143a-3p, miR-378, and miR-195. And it was verified that testosterone upregulated miR-181a but downregulated circ_0005912 expression in a dose-dependent manner in porcine intramuscular adipocytes, and overexpression of miR-181a inhibited circ_0005912. Taken together, these DECs may participate in the regulation of lipid metabolism after castration by reaction with miRNAs, which indicated the novel role of circRNAs in castration-induced lipid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youbing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Baosong Xing
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingxia Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiaoling Ren
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hai Cao
- Henan Xing Rui Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd, Xinyang, China
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12
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Wu Y, Zhang N, Deng ZY, Zhang H, Li J. Effects of the Major Structured Triacylglycerols in Human Milk on Lipid Metabolism of Hepatocyte Cells in Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9147-9156. [PMID: 33369388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of structured triacylglycerols [1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL), 3-dilinoleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (LPL), and 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO)] in human milk on the lipid metabolism was unclear. Hence, this study investigated the effects of different structured triacylglycerols and their mixtures (M) (OPL/LPL/OPO in M1, M2, and M3 were 1.5:0.5:1, 1.2:1.2:1, and 0.5:0.2:1, respectively) on lipid and expression levels of some critical proteins involved in lipid metabolism in LO2 cells. Results showed that there was more lipid accumulation in the LO2 cells exposed to 2,3-dioleoyl-1-palmitoylglycerol (POO) than OPL, LPL, and OPO (p < 0.05), and more lipid accumulation was observed in the OPL group compared to LPL and OPO groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was more lipid accumulation in the M3 group compared to M1 and M2 groups. The expression level of diacylglycerol acyltransferase was highest in the POO group compared to LPL, OPO, and OPL groups and was higher in the M3 group than M1 and M2 groups. The expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 and long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 were highest in the OPL group compared to OPO and LPL groups. In comparison to OPO and LPL, OPL seemed to be more likely to increase the content of triacylglycerols and cholesterol in LO2 cells; therefore, whether this was beneficial to the growth and development of infants needs further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Niu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Company, Limited, Shanghai 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
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Cheng X, Geng F, Pan M, Wu X, Zhong Y, Wang C, Tian Z, Cheng C, Zhang R, Puduvalli V, Horbinski C, Mo X, Han X, Chakravarti A, Guo D. Targeting DGAT1 Ameliorates Glioblastoma by Increasing Fat Catabolism and Oxidative Stress. Cell Metab 2020; 32:229-242.e8. [PMID: 32559414 PMCID: PMC7415721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a mostly lethal brain tumor, acquires large amounts of free fatty acids (FAs) to promote cell growth. But how the cancer avoids lipotoxicity is unknown. Here, we identify that GBM upregulates diacylglycerol-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) to store excess FAs into triglycerides and lipid droplets. Inhibiting DGAT1 disrupted lipid homeostasis and resulted in excessive FAs moving into mitochondria for oxidation, leading to the generation of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial damage, cytochrome c release, and apoptosis. Adding N-acetyl-cysteine or inhibiting FA shuttling into mitochondria decreased ROS and cell death induced by DGAT1 inhibition. We show in xenograft models that targeting DGAT1 blocked lipid droplet formation, induced tumor cell apoptosis, and markedly suppressed GBM growth. Together, our study demonstrates that DGAT1 upregulation protects GBM from oxidative damage and maintains lipid homeostasis by facilitating storage of excess FAs. Targeting DGAT1 could be a promising therapeutic approach for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Feng Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Meixia Pan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xiaoning Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yaogang Zhong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhihua Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chunming Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Vinay Puduvalli
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Departments of Pathology and Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Biostatistic Center and Department of Bioinformatics, College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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14
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Ferro E, Enrico Bena C, Grigolon S, Bosia C. From Endogenous to Synthetic microRNA-Mediated Regulatory Circuits: An Overview. Cells 2019; 8:E1540. [PMID: 31795372 PMCID: PMC6952906 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that are evolutionarily conserved and are pivotal post-transcriptional mediators of gene regulation. Together with transcription factors and epigenetic regulators, they form a highly interconnected network whose building blocks can be classified depending on the number of molecular species involved and the type of interactions amongst them. Depending on their topology, these molecular circuits may carry out specific functions that years of studies have related to the processing of gene expression noise. In this review, we first present the different over-represented network motifs involving microRNAs and their specific role in implementing relevant biological functions, reviewing both theoretical and experimental studies. We then illustrate the recent advances in synthetic biology, such as the construction of artificially synthesised circuits, which provide a controlled tool to test experimentally the possible microRNA regulatory tasks and constitute a starting point for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsi Ferro
- IIGM—Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo (Torino), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo (Torino), Italy
| | - Chiara Enrico Bena
- IIGM—Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo (Torino), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo (Torino), Italy
| | - Silvia Grigolon
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Carla Bosia
- IIGM—Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo (Torino), Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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15
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Yang Y, Dodbele S, Park T, Glass R, Bhat K, Sulman EP, Zhang Y, Abounader R. MicroRNA-29a inhibits glioblastoma stem cells and tumor growth by regulating the PDGF pathway. J Neurooncol 2019; 145:23-34. [PMID: 31482267 PMCID: PMC10880555 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE microRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that play important roles in cancer regulation. In this study, we investigated the expression, functional effects and mechanisms of action of microRNA-29a (miR-29a) in glioblastoma (GBM). METHODS miR-29a expression levels in GBM cells, stem cells (GSCs) and human tumors as well as normal astrocytes and normal brain were measured by quantitative PCR. miR-29a targets were uncovered by target prediction algorithms, and verified by immunoblotting and 3' UTR reporter assays. The effects of miR-29a on cell proliferation, death, migration and invasion were assessed with cell counting, Annexin V-PE/7AAD flow cytometry, scratch assay and transwell assay, respectively. Orthotopic xenografts were used to determine the effects of miR-29a on tumor growth. RESULTS Mir-29a was downregulated in human GBM specimens, GSCs and GBM cell lines. Exogenous expression of miR-29a inhibited GSC and GBM cell growth and induced apoptosis. miR-29a also inhibited GBM cell migration and invasion. PDGFC and PDGFA were uncovered and validated as direct targets of miR-29a in GBM. miR-29a downregulated PDGFC and PDGFA expressions at the transcriptional and translational levels. PDGFC and PDGFA expressions in GBM tumors, GSCs, and GBM established cell lines were higher than in normal brain and human astrocytes. Mir-29a expression inhibited orthotopic GBM xenograft growth. CONCLUSIONS miR-29a is a tumor suppressor miRNA in GBM, where it inhibits cancer stem cells and tumor growth by regulating the PDGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, PO Box 800168, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Samantha Dodbele
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, PO Box 800168, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Thomas Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, PO Box 800168, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Rainer Glass
- Neurosurgical Research, University Clinics Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Krishna Bhat
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, PO Box 800168, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Roger Abounader
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, PO Box 800168, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of the review is to discuss recent advances in microRNA (miRNA) regulation of lipid metabolism and highlight the importance of miRNA-mediated gene regulation in dyslipidemia and fatty liver disease. This article reviews examples of miRNAs that bridge disparate metabolic pathways in the liver. For example, we highlight miRNAs that are regulated by the sterol-sensing pathway in the liver that in turn regulate cellular or systemic cholesterol, fatty acid, and glucose levels. RECENT FINDINGS The most widely studied of these miRNAs are miR-33a/b; however, we recently reported that miRNAs in the miR-183/96/182 cluster are also likely regulated by hepatic cholesterol content and mediate the observed glucose-lowering effects of the bile acid sequestrant colesevelam through the sterol-sensing pathway. In addition, several other hepatic and adipose miRNAs have been recently demonstrated to be key regulators of cellular lipid synthesis, storage, and catabolism, as well as systemic lipid metabolism. Moreover, many of these miRNAs are altered in fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia. SUMMARY miRNAs are not just fine-tuners of lipid metabolism, but critical regulatory factors in lipid homeostasis and health. Loss of these miRNA regulatory modules very likely contributes to the underlying metabolic defects observed in lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie R. Sedgeman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. USA
| | - Danielle L. Michell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN. USA
| | - Kasey C. Vickers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN. USA
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17
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Cheng X, Li J, Guo D. SCAP/SREBPs are Central Players in Lipid Metabolism and Novel Metabolic Targets in Cancer Therapy. Curr Top Med Chem 2018; 18:484-493. [PMID: 29788888 DOI: 10.2174/1568026618666180523104541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism reprogramming emerges as a new hallmark of malignancies. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), which are central players in lipid metabolism, are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-bound transcription factors that control the expression of genes important for lipid synthesis and uptake. Their transcriptional activation requires binding to SREBP cleavageactivating protein (SCAP) to translocate their inactive precursors from the ER to the Golgi to undergo cleavage and subsequent nucleus translocation of their NH2-terminal forms. Recent studies have revealed that SREBPs are markedly upregulated in human cancers, providing the mechanistic link between lipid metabolism alterations and malignancies. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of SCAP or SREBPs significantly suppresses tumor growth in various cancer models, demonstrating that SCAP/SREBPs could serve as promising metabolic targets for cancer therapy. In this review, we will summarize recent progress in our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating SCAP/SREBPs and lipid metabolism in malignancies, discuss new findings about SREBP trafficking, which requires SCAP N-glycosylation, and introduce a newly identified microRNA-29-mediated negative feedback regulation of the SCAP/SREBP pathway. Moreover, we will review recently developed inhibitors targeting the SCAP/SREBP pathway for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Jianying Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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18
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Cheng C, Geng F, Cheng X, Guo D. Lipid metabolism reprogramming and its potential targets in cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:27. [PMID: 29784041 PMCID: PMC5993136 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of lipid metabolism is a newly recognized hallmark of malignancy. Increased lipid uptake, storage and lipogenesis occur in a variety of cancers and contribute to rapid tumor growth. Lipids constitute the basic structure of membranes and also function as signaling molecules and energy sources. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), a family of membrane-bound transcription factors in the endoplasmic reticulum, play a central role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Recent studies have revealed that SREBPs are highly up-regulated in various cancers and promote tumor growth. SREBP cleavage-activating protein is a key transporter in the trafficking and activation of SREBPs as well as a critical glucose sensor, thus linking glucose metabolism and de novo lipid synthesis. Targeting altered lipid metabolic pathways has become a promising anti-cancer strategy. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of lipid metabolism regulation in malignancy, and highlights potential molecular targets and their inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Feng Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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