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Lu J, Gong S, Zhu J, Fang Q. Relationships between obesity and functional outcome after ischemic stroke: a Mendelian randomization study. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:3869-3877. [PMID: 38466476 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07415-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Most previous studies suggested obesity deteriorates the functional outcome after ischemic stroke. But there are researches claiming that obesity is associated with lower mortality, recurrence, and readmission rates, which is known as the obesity paradox. Our current research aimed to investigate the correlation between genetically obesity and the post-stroke outcome with the Mendelian randomization (MR) method. METHODS The UK Biobank and the GIANT consortium provided instrumental variables for body mass index (BMI, 806,834 individuals) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, 697,734 individuals). Data of functional outcome after ischemic stroke were obtained from the Genetics of Ischemic Stroke Functional Outcome network (6012 individuals). Inverse-variance weighted approach was utilized as the primary analyses. Sensitivity analyses involved the utilization of different MR methods. The heterogeneity among genetic variants was assessed by I2 and Q value statistics. RESULTS In univariable analysis, there was a significant connection between genetic susceptibility to WHR and worse functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale 3) after ischemic stroke (OR [95%CI] = 1.47 [1.07, 2.02], P = 0.016). Genetic liability to BMI and was not associated with post-stroke functional outcome (all P > 0.05). The overall patterns between genetic liability to WHR and functional outcome post-ischemic outcome no longer existed in the multivariable MR analysis after adjusting for BMI (OR [95%CI] = 1.26[0.76,1.67], P = 0.56). CONCLUSION The current MR study provided evidence that WHR was correlated to unfavorable outcome post-ischemic stroke. Exploring interventions against obesity may potentially improve recovery after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyi Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Siqi Gong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Juehua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Qi Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215006, China.
- Department of Neurology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, 9 Chongwen Road, Suzhou, 215125, China.
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Gasparini P, Fortunato O, De Cecco L, Casanova M, Iannó MF, Carenzo A, Centonze G, Milione M, Collini P, Boeri M, Dugo M, Gargiuli C, Mensah M, Segale M, Bergamaschi L, Chiaravalli S, Sensi ML, Massimino M, Sozzi G, Ferrari A. Age-Related Alterations in Immune Contexture Are Associated with Aggressiveness in Rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091380. [PMID: 31533233 PMCID: PMC6770032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) form a subgroup of patients whose optimal clinical management and access to care remain a challenge and whose survival lacks behind that of children diagnosed with histologically similar tumors. Understanding the tumor biology that differentiates children from AYA-RMS could provide critical information and drive new initiatives to improve the final outcome. MicroRNA (miRNA) and gene expression profiling (GEP) was evaluated in a RMS cohort of 49 tumor and 15 non-neoplastic tissues. miRNAs analysis identified miR-223 over-expression and miR-431 down-regulation in AYA, validated by Real-Time PCR and miRNA in situ hybridization (ISH). GEP analysis detected 793 age-correlated genes in tumors, of which 194 were anti-correlated. NOTCH2, FGFR1/2 were significantly down-modulated in AYA-RMS. miR-223 was associated with up-regulation of epithelial mesenchymal translation (EMT) and inflammatory pathways, whereas miR-431 was correlated to myogenic differentiation and muscle metabolism. GEP showed an increase in genes associated with CD4 memory resting cells and a decrease in genes associated with γδ T-cells in AYA-RMS. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis demonstrated an increase of infiltrated CD4, CD8, and neutrophils in AYA-RMS tumors. Our results show that aggressiveness of AYA-RMS could be explained by differences in microenvironmental signal modulation mediated by tumor cells, suggesting a fundamental role of immune contexture in AYA-RMS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Gasparini
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Orazio Fortunato
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Integrated Biology Platform, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Michela Casanova
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Federica Iannó
- Integrated Biology Platform, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Carenzo
- Integrated Biology Platform, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Centonze
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and from the Laboratory of Medicine of our Institute, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimo Milione
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and from the Laboratory of Medicine of our Institute, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Collini
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and from the Laboratory of Medicine of our Institute, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Mattia Boeri
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Matteo Dugo
- Integrated Biology Platform, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Gargiuli
- Integrated Biology Platform, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Mavis Mensah
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Miriam Segale
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Luca Bergamaschi
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Chiaravalli
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Sensi
- Integrated Biology Platform, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maura Massimino
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Sozzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Di Meo S, Napolitano G, Venditti P. Mediators of Physical Activity Protection against ROS-Linked Skeletal Muscle Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3024. [PMID: 31226872 PMCID: PMC6627449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unaccustomed and/or exhaustive exercise generates excessive free radicals and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species leading to muscle oxidative stress-related damage and impaired contractility. Conversely, a moderate level of free radicals induces the body's adaptive responses. Thus, a low oxidant level in resting muscle is essential for normal force production, and the production of oxidants during each session of physical training increases the body's antioxidant defenses. Mitochondria, NADPH oxidases and xanthine oxidases have been identified as sources of free radicals during muscle contraction, but the exact mechanisms underlying exercise-induced harmful or beneficial effects yet remain elusive. However, it is clear that redox signaling influences numerous transcriptional activators, which regulate the expression of genes involved in changes in muscle phenotype. The mitogen-activated protein kinase family is one of the main links between cellular oxidant levels and skeletal muscle adaptation. The family components phosphorylate and modulate the activities of hundreds of substrates, including transcription factors involved in cell response to oxidative stress elicited by exercise in skeletal muscle. To elucidate the complex role of ROS in exercise, here we reviewed the literature dealing on sources of ROS production and concerning the most important redox signaling pathways, including MAPKs that are involved in the responses to acute and chronic exercise in the muscle, particularly those involved in the induction of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Di Meo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gaetana Napolitano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, via Acton n. 38-I-80133 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Paola Venditti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
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Lin YT, Wu PH, Tsai YC, Hsu YL, Wang HY, Kuo MC, Kuo PL, Hwang SJ. Indoxyl Sulfate Induces Apoptosis Through Oxidative Stress and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway Inhibition in Human Astrocytes. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020191. [PMID: 30764571 PMCID: PMC6406290 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uremic toxins accumulated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk of cognitive impairment. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a well-known protein-bound uremic toxin that is correlated with several systemic diseases, but no studies on human brain cells are available. We investigated the effect of IS on primary human astrocytes through next-generation sequencing and cell experiment confirmation to explore the mechanism of IS-associated brain damage. Total RNAs extracted from IS-treated and control astrocytes were evaluated by performing functional and pathway enrichment analysis. The toxicities of IS in the astrocytes were investigated in terms of cell viability through flow cytometry; the signal pathway was then investigated through immunoblotting. IS stimulated the release of reactive oxygen species, increased nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 levels, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. IS triggered astrocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, including extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), MAPK/ERK kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38. The decreased ERK phosphorylation was mediated by the upregulated dual-specificity phosphatase 1, 5, 8, and 16. In conclusion, IS can induce neurotoxicity in patients with CKD and the pathogenesis involves cell apoptosis through oxidative stress induction and MAPK pathway inhibition in human astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-T.L.); (P.-H.W.); (Y.-C.T.); (P.-L.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-T.L.); (P.-H.W.); (Y.-C.T.); (P.-L.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chun Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-T.L.); (P.-H.W.); (Y.-C.T.); (P.-L.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Han Ying Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Mei-Chuan Kuo
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-T.L.); (P.-H.W.); (Y.-C.T.); (P.-L.K.)
| | - Shang-Jyh Hwang
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 7900); Fax: +886-7-3228721
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Pourteymour S, Hjorth M, Lee S, Holen T, Langleite TM, Jensen J, Birkeland KI, Drevon CA, Eckardt K. Dual specificity phosphatase 5 and 6 are oppositely regulated in human skeletal muscle by acute exercise. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/19/e13459. [PMID: 28989118 PMCID: PMC5641939 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity promotes specific adaptations in most tissues including skeletal muscle. Acute exercise activates numerous signaling cascades including pathways involving mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, which returns to pre‐exercise level after exercise. The expression of MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) in human skeletal muscle and their regulation by exercise have not been investigated before. In this study, we used mRNA sequencing to monitor regulation of MKPs in human skeletal muscle after acute cycling. In addition, primary human myotubes were used to gain more insights into the regulation of MKPs. The two ERK1/2‐specific MKPs, dual specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) and DUSP6, were the most regulated MKPs in skeletal muscle after acute exercise. DUSP5 expression was ninefold higher immediately after exercise and returned to pre‐exercise level within 2 h, whereas DUSP6 expression was reduced by 43% just after exercise and remained below pre‐exercise level after 2 h recovery. Cultured myotubes express both MKPs, and incubation with dexamethasone (Dex) mimicked the in vivo expression pattern of DUSP5 and DUSP6 caused by exercise. Using a MAPK kinase inhibitor, we showed that stimulation of ERK1/2 activity by Dex was required for induction of DUSP5. However, maintaining basal ERK1/2 activity was required for basal DUSP6 expression suggesting that the effect of Dex on DUSP6 might involve an ERK1/2‐independent mechanism. We conclude that the altered expression of DUSP5 and DUSP6 in skeletal muscle after acute endurance exercise might affect ERK1/2 signaling of importance for adaptations in skeletal muscle during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Pourteymour
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sindre Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Holen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgrim M Langleite
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre I Birkeland
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Eckardt
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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