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For: McFarland AJ, Ray PR, Bhai S, Levine BD, Price TJ. RNA sequencing on muscle biopsy from a 5-week bed rest study reveals the effect of exercise and potential interactions with dorsal root ganglion neurons. Physiol Rep 2022;10:e15176. [PMID: 35133080 PMCID: PMC8823189 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open

For:	McFarland AJ, Ray PR, Bhai S, Levine BD, Price TJ. RNA sequencing on muscle biopsy from a 5-week bed rest study reveals the effect of exercise and potential interactions with dorsal root ganglion neurons. Physiol Rep 2022;10:e15176. [PMID: 35133080 PMCID: PMC8823189 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open

Number

Cited by Other Article(s)

Ryan CP, Corcoran DL, Banskota N, Eckstein Indik C, Floratos A, Friedman R, Kobor MS, Kraus VB, Kraus WE, MacIsaac JL, Orenduff MC, Pieper CF, White JP, Ferrucci L, Horvath S, Huffman KM, Belsky DW. The CALERIE Genomic Data Resource. NATURE AGING 2024:10.1038/s43587-024-00775-0. [PMID: 39672986 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024]

Affiliation(s)

C P Ryan Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
D L Corcoran Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
N Banskota Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
C Eckstein Indik Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
A Floratos Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
R Friedman Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
M S Kobor BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada
V B Kraus Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
W E Kraus Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
J L MacIsaac Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada
M C Orenduff Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
C F Pieper Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
J P White Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
L Ferrucci Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
S Horvath Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
K M Huffman Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
D W Belsky Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA. Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.

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Sun L, Luan J, Wang J, Li X, Zhang W, Ji X, Liu L, Wang R, Xu B. GEPREP: A comprehensive data atlas of RNA-seq-based gene expression profiles of exercise responses. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024:100992. [PMID: 39341494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]

Abdelfattah F, Schulz H, Wehland M, Corydon TJ, Sahana J, Kraus A, Krüger M, González-Torres LF, Cortés-Sánchez JL, Wise PM, Mushunuri A, Hemmersbach R, Liemersdorf C, Infanger M, Grimm D. Omics Studies of Specialized Cells and Stem Cells under Microgravity Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2024;25:10014. [PMID: 39337501 PMCID: PMC11431953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open

Affiliation(s)

Fatima Abdelfattah Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (F.A.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (L.F.G.-T.); (J.L.C.-S.); (P.M.W.); (A.M.); (M.I.)
Herbert Schulz Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (F.A.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (L.F.G.-T.); (J.L.C.-S.); (P.M.W.); (A.M.); (M.I.) Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
Markus Wehland Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (F.A.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (L.F.G.-T.); (J.L.C.-S.); (P.M.W.); (A.M.); (M.I.) Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
Thomas J. Corydon Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.J.C.); (J.S.) Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
Jayashree Sahana Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.J.C.); (J.S.)
Armin Kraus Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (F.A.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (L.F.G.-T.); (J.L.C.-S.); (P.M.W.); (A.M.); (M.I.) Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
Marcus Krüger Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (F.A.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (L.F.G.-T.); (J.L.C.-S.); (P.M.W.); (A.M.); (M.I.) Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
Luis Fernando González-Torres Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (F.A.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (L.F.G.-T.); (J.L.C.-S.); (P.M.W.); (A.M.); (M.I.)
José Luis Cortés-Sánchez Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (F.A.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (L.F.G.-T.); (J.L.C.-S.); (P.M.W.); (A.M.); (M.I.)
Petra M. Wise Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (F.A.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (L.F.G.-T.); (J.L.C.-S.); (P.M.W.); (A.M.); (M.I.) The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
Ashwini Mushunuri Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (F.A.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (L.F.G.-T.); (J.L.C.-S.); (P.M.W.); (A.M.); (M.I.)
Ruth Hemmersbach Department of Applied Aerospace Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (R.H.); (C.L.)
Christian Liemersdorf Department of Applied Aerospace Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany; (R.H.); (C.L.)
Manfred Infanger Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (F.A.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (L.F.G.-T.); (J.L.C.-S.); (P.M.W.); (A.M.); (M.I.) Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
Daniela Grimm Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (F.A.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (L.F.G.-T.); (J.L.C.-S.); (P.M.W.); (A.M.); (M.I.) Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.J.C.); (J.S.)

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Aschman T, Wyler E, Baum O, Hentschel A, Rust R, Legler F, Preusse C, Meyer-Arndt L, Büttnerova I, Förster A, Cengiz D, Alves LGT, Schneider J, Kedor C, Bellmann-Strobl J, Sanchin A, Goebel HH, Landthaler M, Corman V, Roos A, Heppner FL, Radbruch H, Paul F, Scheibenbogen C, Dengler NF, Stenzel W. Post-COVID exercise intolerance is associated with capillary alterations and immune dysregulations in skeletal muscles. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023;11:193. [PMID: 38066589 PMCID: PMC10704838 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open

Affiliation(s)

Tom Aschman Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
Emanuel Wyler Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
Oliver Baum Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Andreas Hentschel Leibniz-Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - E.V, Dortmund, Germany
Rebekka Rust Experimental and Clinical Research Center and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Franziska Legler Experimental and Clinical Research Center and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Corinna Preusse Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Lil Meyer-Arndt Experimental and Clinical Research Center and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Ivana Büttnerova Department of Autoimmune Diagnostics, Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
Alexandra Förster Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Derya Cengiz Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
Luiz Gustavo Teixeira Alves Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
Julia Schneider Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Claudia Kedor Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Judith Bellmann-Strobl Experimental and Clinical Research Center and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Aminaa Sanchin Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Hans-Hilmar Goebel Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
Markus Landthaler Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Victor Corman Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Andreas Roos Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Children's Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany Department of Neurology Bergmannsheil, Heimer-Institut Für Muskelforschung am Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
Frank L Heppner Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany Cluster of Excellence, NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Helena Radbruch Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Friedemann Paul Experimental and Clinical Research Center and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
Carmen Scheibenbogen Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Nora F Dengler Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Werner Stenzel Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

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Inns TB, Bass JJ, Hardy EJ, Wilkinson DJ, Stashuk DW, Atherton PJ, Phillips BE, Piasecki M. Motor unit dysregulation following 15 days of unilateral lower limb immobilisation. J Physiol 2022;600:4753-4769. [PMID: 36088611 PMCID: PMC9827843 DOI: 10.1113/jp283425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open

Abstract

Disuse atrophy, caused by situations of unloading such as limb immobilisation, causes a rapid yet diverging reduction in skeletal muscle function when compared to muscle mass. While mechanistic insight into the loss of mass is well studied, deterioration of muscle function with a focus towards the neural input to muscle remains underexplored. This study aimed to determine the role of motor unit adaptation in disuse-induced neuromuscular deficits. Ten young, healthy male volunteers underwent 15 days of unilateral lower limb immobilisation with intramuscular electromyography (iEMG) bilaterally recorded from the vastus lateralis (VL) during knee extensor contractions normalised to maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), pre and post disuse. Muscle cross-sectional area was determined by ultrasound. Individual MUs were sampled and analysed for changes in motor unit (MU) discharge and MU potential (MUP) characteristics. VL CSA was reduced by approximately 15% which was exceeded by a two-fold decrease of 31% in muscle strength in the immobilised limb, with no change in either parameter in the non-immobilised limb. Parameters of MUP size were reduced by 11% to 24% with immobilisation, while neuromuscular junction (NMJ) transmission instability remained unchanged, and MU firing rate decreased by 8% to 11% at several contraction levels. All adaptations were observed in the immobilised limb only. These findings highlight impaired neural input following immobilisation reflected by suppressed MU firing rate which may underpin the disproportionate reductions of strength relative to muscle size. KEY POINTS: Muscle mass and function decline rapidly in situations of disuse such as bed rest and limb immobilisation. The reduction in muscle function commonly exceeds that of muscle mass, which may be associated with the dysregulation of neural input to muscle. We have used intramuscular electromyography to sample individual motor unit and near fibre potentials from the vastus lateralis following 15 days of unilateral limb immobilisation. Following disuse, the disproportionate loss of muscle strength when compared to size coincided with suppressed motor unit firing rate. These motor unit adaptations were observed at multiple contraction levels and in the immobilised limb only. Our findings demonstrate neural dysregulation as a key component of functional loss following muscle disuse in humans.

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Lin W, Saner NJ, Weng X, Caruana NJ, Botella J, Kuang J, Lee MJC, Jamnick NA, Pitchford NW, Garnham A, Bartlett JD, Chen H, Bishop DJ. The Effect of Sleep Restriction, With or Without Exercise, on Skeletal Muscle Transcriptomic Profiles in Healthy Young Males. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022;13:863224. [PMID: 35937838 PMCID: PMC9355502 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.863224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Inadequate sleep is associated with many detrimental health effects, including increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. These effects have been associated with changes to the skeletal muscle transcriptome, although this has not been characterised in response to a period of sleep restriction. Exercise induces a beneficial transcriptional response within skeletal muscle that may counteract some of the negative effects associated with sleep restriction. We hypothesised that sleep restriction would down-regulate transcriptional pathways associated with glucose metabolism, but that performing exercise would mitigate these effects.

METHODS

20 healthy young males were allocated to one of three experimental groups: a Normal Sleep (NS) group (8 h time in bed per night (TIB), for five nights (11 pm - 7 am)), a Sleep Restriction (SR) group (4 h TIB, for five nights (3 am - 7 am)), and a Sleep Restriction and Exercise group (SR+EX) (4 h TIB, for five nights (3 am - 7 am) and three high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) sessions (performed at 10 am)). RNA sequencing was performed on muscle samples collected pre- and post-intervention. Our data was then compared to skeletal muscle transcriptomic data previously reported following sleep deprivation (24 h without sleep).

RESULTS

Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated there was an increased enrichment of inflammatory and immune response related pathways in the SR group post-intervention. However, in the SR+EX group the direction of enrichment in these same pathways occurred in the opposite directions. Despite this, there were no significant changes at the individual gene level from pre- to post-intervention. A set of genes previously shown to be decreased with sleep deprivation was also decreased in the SR group, but increased in the SR+EX group.

CONCLUSION

The alterations to inflammatory and immune related pathways in skeletal muscle, following five nights of sleep restriction, provide insight regarding the transcriptional changes that underpin the detrimental effects associated with sleep loss. Performing three sessions of HIIE during sleep restriction attenuated some of these transcriptional changes. Overall, the transcriptional alterations observed with a moderate period of sleep restriction were less evident than previously reported changes following a period of sleep deprivation.

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