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Chin-Yee B, Matyashin M, Cheong I, Bhai P, Lazo-Langner A, Almanaseer A, Kawata E, Levy MA, Stuart A, Lin H, Chin-Yee I, Sadikovic B, Hsia C. Secondary causes of elevated hemoglobin in patients undergoing molecular testing for suspected polycythemia vera in southwestern Ontario: a chart review. CMAJ Open 2022; 10:E988-E992. [PMID: 36347562 PMCID: PMC9648622 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20210322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular testing for JAK2 mutations is part of the standard diagnostic workup for patients with suspected polycythemia vera. We sought to characterize evolving practice patterns in the investigation of erythrocytosis and the prevalence of secondary causes, including use of medications such as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, among patients who underwent molecular testing. METHODS We reviewed charts of all consecutive patients investigated for erythrocytosis (hemoglobin > 160 g/L for women, > 165 g/L for men) with JAK2 testing between 2015 and 2021 at London Health Sciences Centre, a tertiary referral centre in Ontario, Canada, to assess changes in rates of JAK2 mutation positivity, average hemoglobin levels and the prevalence of secondary causes of erythrocytosis. RESULTS A total of 891 patients with erythrocytosis underwent JAK2 mutation testing with an increase in number of tests (particularly from 2017 to 2018), a decrease in the rate of JAK2 positivity and similar average hemoglobin levels over the study period. We observed a high proportion of patients with secondary causes of erythrocytosis, ranging from 59% to 74% over the study period, including medications associated with erythrocytosis, namely testosterone (6%-11%) and SGLT2 inhibitors (2%-19%). Stopping SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with a significant decrease in hemoglobin levels (mean -14.7 g/L, 95% confidence interval -18.9 to -10.5 g/L) compared with continuation. INTERPRETATION Use of SGLT2 inhibitors may be a common and underrecognized secondary cause of elevated hemoglobin levels in patients investigated for erythrocytosis. Our findings underscore the importance of a detailed medical history to support judicious use of molecular testing, in adherence with the current guideline on the investigation of erythrocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Chin-Yee
- Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Matyashin, Lazo-Langner, Almanaseer, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Lazo-Langner, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Cheong, Stuart, Lin, I. Chin-Yee, Sadikovic), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Molecular Diagnostic Division (Bhai, Levy, Stuart, Lin, Sadikovic) and Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre (Bhai, Levy, Sadikovic), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Hematology (Kawata), Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Division of Hematology and Oncology (Kawata), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maxim Matyashin
- Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Matyashin, Lazo-Langner, Almanaseer, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Lazo-Langner, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Cheong, Stuart, Lin, I. Chin-Yee, Sadikovic), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Molecular Diagnostic Division (Bhai, Levy, Stuart, Lin, Sadikovic) and Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre (Bhai, Levy, Sadikovic), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Hematology (Kawata), Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Division of Hematology and Oncology (Kawata), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ian Cheong
- Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Matyashin, Lazo-Langner, Almanaseer, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Lazo-Langner, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Cheong, Stuart, Lin, I. Chin-Yee, Sadikovic), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Molecular Diagnostic Division (Bhai, Levy, Stuart, Lin, Sadikovic) and Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre (Bhai, Levy, Sadikovic), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Hematology (Kawata), Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Division of Hematology and Oncology (Kawata), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Pratibha Bhai
- Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Matyashin, Lazo-Langner, Almanaseer, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Lazo-Langner, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Cheong, Stuart, Lin, I. Chin-Yee, Sadikovic), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Molecular Diagnostic Division (Bhai, Levy, Stuart, Lin, Sadikovic) and Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre (Bhai, Levy, Sadikovic), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Hematology (Kawata), Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Division of Hematology and Oncology (Kawata), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Alejandro Lazo-Langner
- Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Matyashin, Lazo-Langner, Almanaseer, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Lazo-Langner, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Cheong, Stuart, Lin, I. Chin-Yee, Sadikovic), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Molecular Diagnostic Division (Bhai, Levy, Stuart, Lin, Sadikovic) and Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre (Bhai, Levy, Sadikovic), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Hematology (Kawata), Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Division of Hematology and Oncology (Kawata), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ala Almanaseer
- Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Matyashin, Lazo-Langner, Almanaseer, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Lazo-Langner, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Cheong, Stuart, Lin, I. Chin-Yee, Sadikovic), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Molecular Diagnostic Division (Bhai, Levy, Stuart, Lin, Sadikovic) and Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre (Bhai, Levy, Sadikovic), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Hematology (Kawata), Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Division of Hematology and Oncology (Kawata), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eri Kawata
- Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Matyashin, Lazo-Langner, Almanaseer, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Lazo-Langner, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Cheong, Stuart, Lin, I. Chin-Yee, Sadikovic), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Molecular Diagnostic Division (Bhai, Levy, Stuart, Lin, Sadikovic) and Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre (Bhai, Levy, Sadikovic), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Hematology (Kawata), Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Division of Hematology and Oncology (Kawata), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michael A Levy
- Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Matyashin, Lazo-Langner, Almanaseer, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Lazo-Langner, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Cheong, Stuart, Lin, I. Chin-Yee, Sadikovic), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Molecular Diagnostic Division (Bhai, Levy, Stuart, Lin, Sadikovic) and Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre (Bhai, Levy, Sadikovic), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Hematology (Kawata), Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Division of Hematology and Oncology (Kawata), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Alan Stuart
- Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Matyashin, Lazo-Langner, Almanaseer, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Lazo-Langner, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Cheong, Stuart, Lin, I. Chin-Yee, Sadikovic), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Molecular Diagnostic Division (Bhai, Levy, Stuart, Lin, Sadikovic) and Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre (Bhai, Levy, Sadikovic), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Hematology (Kawata), Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Division of Hematology and Oncology (Kawata), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hanxin Lin
- Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Matyashin, Lazo-Langner, Almanaseer, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Lazo-Langner, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Cheong, Stuart, Lin, I. Chin-Yee, Sadikovic), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Molecular Diagnostic Division (Bhai, Levy, Stuart, Lin, Sadikovic) and Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre (Bhai, Levy, Sadikovic), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Hematology (Kawata), Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Division of Hematology and Oncology (Kawata), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ian Chin-Yee
- Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Matyashin, Lazo-Langner, Almanaseer, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Lazo-Langner, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Cheong, Stuart, Lin, I. Chin-Yee, Sadikovic), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Molecular Diagnostic Division (Bhai, Levy, Stuart, Lin, Sadikovic) and Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre (Bhai, Levy, Sadikovic), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Hematology (Kawata), Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Division of Hematology and Oncology (Kawata), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Matyashin, Lazo-Langner, Almanaseer, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Lazo-Langner, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Cheong, Stuart, Lin, I. Chin-Yee, Sadikovic), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Molecular Diagnostic Division (Bhai, Levy, Stuart, Lin, Sadikovic) and Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre (Bhai, Levy, Sadikovic), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Hematology (Kawata), Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Division of Hematology and Oncology (Kawata), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Cyrus Hsia
- Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Matyashin, Lazo-Langner, Almanaseer, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Division of Hematology (B. Chin-Yee, Lazo-Langner, I. Chin-Yee, Hsia), Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Cheong, Stuart, Lin, I. Chin-Yee, Sadikovic), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Molecular Diagnostic Division (Bhai, Levy, Stuart, Lin, Sadikovic) and Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre (Bhai, Levy, Sadikovic), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.; Department of Hematology (Kawata), Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Division of Hematology and Oncology (Kawata), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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