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Carnevali L, Statello R, Vacondio F, Ferlenghi F, Spadoni G, Rivara S, Mor M, Sgoifo A. Antidepressant-like effects of pharmacological inhibition of FAAH activity in socially isolated female rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 32:77-87. [PMID: 31948828 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.12.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which terminates signaling of the endocannabinoid N-arachidonoylethanolamine (or anandamide, AEA), exerts favourable effects in rodent models of stress-related depression. Yet although depression seems to be more common among women than men and in spite of some evidence of sex differences in treatment efficacy, preclinical development of FAAH inhibitors for the pharmacotherapy of stress-related depression has been predominantly conducted in male animals. Here, adult female rats were exposed to six weeks of social isolation and, starting from the second week, treated with the FAAH inhibitor URB694 (0.3 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or vehicle. Compared to pair-housed females, socially isolated female rats treated with vehicle developed behavioral (mild anhedonia, passive stress coping) and physiological (reduced body weight gain, elevated plasma corticosterone levels) alterations. Moreover, prolonged social isolation provoked a reduction in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and AEA levels within the hippocampus. Together, these changes are indicative of an increased risk of developing a depressive-like state. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of FAAH activity with URB694 restored both AEA and BDNF levels within the hippocampus of socially isolated rats and prevented the development of behavioral and physiological alterations. These results suggest a potential interplay between AEA-mediated signaling and hippocampal BDNF in the pathogenesis of depression-relevant behaviors and physiological alterations and antidepressant action of FAAH inhibition in socially isolated female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Carnevali
- Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Rosario Statello
- Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Sgoifo
- Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Luo L, Liu XL, Li J, Mu RH, Liu Q, Yi LT, Geng D. Macranthol promotes hippocampal neuronal proliferation in mice via BDNF–TrkB–PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:357-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Rawson KS, Dixon D, Nowotny P, Ricci WM, Binder EF, Rodebaugh TL, Wendleton L, Doré P, Lenze EJ. Association of functional polymorphisms from brain-derived neurotrophic factor and serotonin-related genes with depressive symptoms after a medical stressor in older adults. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120685. [PMID: 25781924 PMCID: PMC4363147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive symptoms are common in older adults after a disabling medical event and interfere with rehabilitation and recovery from the disability. This prospective study examined the role of genetic polymorphisms implicated in synaptic integrity and stress-associated depression as predictors of depressive symptoms after hip fracture. We recruited healthy comparisons from the community and participants with hip fracture after surgical fixation from Saint Louis, Missouri hospitals. We examined the valine (Val) to methionine (Met) polymorphism in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serotonin 1A receptor (5HT1a-rs6295) polymorphism, and the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5HTTLPR) interaction with the rs25531 A to G single nucleotide polymorphism (5HTTLPR-rs25531) as predictors of depressive symptoms. We also examined whether depressive symptoms mediate the influence of BDNF genotype on functional recovery. Among 429 participants with hip fracture, BDNF Met/Met carriers developed significantly more depressive symptoms than Val/Val carriers during a four-week period after the fracture (p=.012). BDNF genotype also predicted functional recovery over the ensuing year, mediated by its effects on depressive symptoms (CI: 0.07-3.37). Unlike prior studies of stressful life events, the S' 5HTTLPR-rs25531 variant did not predict higher levels of depressive symptoms; instead, we report an exploratory finding of an epistatic effect between BDNF and 5HTTLPR-rs25531 whereby the compounded effects of two LA alleles and BDNF Met/Met genotype elevate risk of depressive symptoms after hip fracture (p=.006). No differences between 5HT1a genotypes were found. Our findings suggest plasticity-related genetic factors contribute to the neural mechanisms of mental and functional well-being after a disabling medical stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri S. Rawson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David Dixon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Petra Nowotny
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - William M. Ricci
- Orthopaedic Trauma Service, Washington University School of Medicine / Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ellen F. Binder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Rodebaugh
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Leah Wendleton
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Peter Doré
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Lenze
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Audet MC, McQuaid RJ, Merali Z, Anisman H. Cytokine variations and mood disorders: influence of social stressors and social support. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:416. [PMID: 25565946 PMCID: PMC4267188 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stressful events have been implicated in the evolution of mood disorders. In addition to brain neurotransmitters and growth factors, the view has been offered that these disorders might be provoked by the activation of the inflammatory immune system as well as by de novo changes of inflammatory cytokines within the brain. The present review describes the impact of social stressors in animals and in humans on behavioral changes reminiscent of depressive states as well as on cytokine functioning. Social stressors increase pro-inflammatory cytokines in circulation as well as in brain regions that have been associated with depression, varying with the animal's social status and/or behavioral methods used to contend with social challenges. Likewise, in humans, social stressors that favor the development of depression are accompanied by elevated circulating cytokine levels and conversely, conditions that limit the cytokine elevations correlated with symptom attenuation or reversal. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the potentially powerful effects of social support, social identity, and connectedness in maintaining well-being and in diminishing symptoms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Audet
- Institute of Mental Health Research Ottawa, ON, Canada ; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robyn J McQuaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zul Merali
- Institute of Mental Health Research Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hymie Anisman
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada
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