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Mendoza M, Ballesteros A, Rendon-Correa E, Tonk R, Warren J, Snow AL, Stowell SR, Blois SM, Dveksler G. Modulation of galectin-9 mediated responses in monocytes and T-cells by pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1. J Biol Chem 2024:107638. [PMID: 39121996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Successful pregnancy relies on a coordinated interplay between endocrine, immune, and metabolic processes to sustain fetal growth and development. The orchestration of these processes involves multiple signaling pathways driving cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and immune regulation necessary for a healthy pregnancy. Among the molecules supporting placental development and maternal tolerance, the families of pregnancy-specific glycoproteins and galectins are of great interest in reproductive biology. We previously found that PSG1 can bind to galectin-1 (GAL-1). Herein, we characterized the interaction between PSG1 and other members of the galectin family expressed during pregnancy, including galectin-3, -7, -9, and -13 (GAL-3, GAL-7, GAL-9, and GAL-13). We observed that PSG1 binds to GAL-1, -3, and -9, with the highest apparent affinity seen for GAL-9, and that the interaction of PSG1 with GAL-9 is carbohydrate-dependent. We further investigated the ability of PSG1 to regulate GAL-9 responses in human monocytes, a murine macrophage cell line, and T-cells, and determined whether PSG1 binds to both carbohydrate recognition domains of GAL-9. Additionally, we compared the apparent affinity of GAL-9 binding to PSG1 with other known GAL-9 ligands in these cells, Tim-3 and CD44. Lastly, we explored functional conservation between murine and human PSGs by determining that Psg23, a highly expressed member of the murine Psg family, can bind some murine galectins despite differences in amino acid composition and domain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian Mendoza
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Angela Ballesteros
- Section on Sensory Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rendon-Correa
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Rohan Tonk
- Section on Sensory Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James Warren
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Sandra M Blois
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; Glyco-HAM, a cooperation of Universität Hamburg, Technology Platform Mass Spectrometry and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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2
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Kirkgöz K, Vogtmann R, Xie Y, Zhao F, Riedel A, Adam LM, Freitag N, Harms C, Garcia MG, Plösch T, Gellhaus A, Blois SM. Placental glycosylation senses the anti-angiogenic milieu induced by human sFLT1 during pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 164:104284. [PMID: 38908337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal placental angiogenesis during gestation resulting from high levels of anti-angiogenic factors, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT1) and soluble endoglin, has been implicated in the progression of preeclampsia (PE). This heterogeneous syndrome (defined by hypertension with or without proteinuria after 20 weeks of pregnancy) remains a major global health burden with long-term consequences for both mothers and child. Previously, we showed that in vivo systemic human (hsFLT1) overexpression led to reduced placental efficiency and PE-like syndrome in mice. Galectins (gal-1, -3 and -9) are critical determinants of vascular adaptation to pregnancy and dysregulation of the galectin-glycan circuits is associated with the development of this life-threatening disease. In this study, we assessed the galectin-glycan networks at the maternal-fetal interface associated with the hsFLT1-induced PE in mice. We observed an increase on the maternal gal-1 expression in the decidua and junctional zone layers of the placenta derived from hs FLT1high pregnancies. In contrast, placental gal-3 and gal-9 expression were not sensitive to the hsFLT1 overexpression. In addition, O- and N-linked glycan expression, poly-LacNAc sequences and terminal sialylation were down-regulated in hsFLT1 high placentas. Thus, the gal-1-glycan axis appear to play an important role counteracting the anti-angiogenic status caused by sFLT1, becoming critical for vascular adaptation at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kürsat Kirkgöz
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Glycoimmunology Research Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rebekka Vogtmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Yiran Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Glycoimmunology Research Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fangqi Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Glycoimmunology Research Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alina Riedel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Glycoimmunology Research Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nancy Freitag
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Glycoimmunology Research Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Harms
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Glycoimmunology Research Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mariana G Garcia
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Glycoimmunology Research Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Perinatal Neurobiology, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carlvon Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Gellhaus
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Sandra M Blois
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Glycoimmunology Research Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Hosseinzadeh R, Moini A, Hosseini R, Fatehnejad M, Yekaninejad MS, Javidan M, Changaei M, Feizisani F, Rajaei S. A higher number of exhausted local PD1+, but not TIM3+, NK cells in advanced endometriosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23294. [PMID: 38173487 PMCID: PMC10761348 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMT) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the presence and growth of endometrial-like glandular epithelial and stromal cells outside the uterus. Natural Killer (NK) cell dysfunction/exhaustion has been shown in patients with EMT. In this case-control study, we compared the frequency of exhausted PD-1 or TIM-3 positive NK cells in peripheral blood (PB) and peritoneal fluid (PF) of women with advanced endometriosis to control fertile women. PB and PF were collected from women aged 25-40 who underwent the laparoscopic procedure, including 13 stages III/IV endometriosis and 13 control samples. Multicolor flowcytometry was used to compare the frequency of PD-1 or TIM-3 positive NK (CD3-CD56+) cells in PB and PF of two groups. We demonstrated a higher percentage of PD-1+ NK cells in the peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis rather than controls (P-value = 0.039). This significance was related to stage IV of endometriosis (P-value = 0.047). We can not show any significant difference in the number of PD-1 or TIM-3 positive NK cells in peripheral blood. Our results suggest a local exhausted NK cell response in endometriosis that can be a leading factor in the endometriosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Hosseini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Fatehnejad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moslem Javidan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Changaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Feizisani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, Iran
| | - Samira Rajaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Galectin-1 and Galectin-9 Concentration in Maternal Serum: Implications in Pregnancies Complicated with Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216330. [PMID: 36362558 PMCID: PMC9658671 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (pPROM) accounts for nearly half of premature births. Although several risk factors have been identified, no markers allowing for effective prevention have been discovered. In this study, we investigated how the maternal serum levels of galectin-1 and galectin-9 change in patients with pPROM in comparison to uncomplicated pregnancies. A total of 75 patients were enrolled to both study and control group (37 vs. 38, respectively). The serum concentration of galectin-1 and galectin-9 were assayed in duplicate using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. All analyses were performed using PQ Stat v. 1.8.4 software. Galectin-1 levels were significantly higher in the controls (13.32 vs. 14.71 ng/mL, p = 0.02). Galectin-9 levels were similar in both groups (13.31 vs. 14.76 ng/mL, p = 0.30). Lower galectin levels were detected for early pPROM (before 32nd GW) in comparison to late pPROM and the controls (8.85 vs. 14.45 vs. 14.71 ng/mL, p = 0.0004). Similar trend was observed in galectin-9 levels, although no statistical significance was found (11.57 vs. 14.25 vs. 14.76 ng/mL, p = 0.26). Low galectin-1 maternal serum level is associated with the incidence of preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. Galectin-9 maternal serum levels were not significantly correlated with pPROM. However, in order to investigate gal-1 and gal-9 levels as potential, promising markers of pPROM, further clinical studies on larger groups are required.
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Chen M, Shi JL, Zheng ZM, Lin Z, Li MQ, Shao J. Galectins: Important Regulators in Normal and Pathologic Pregnancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710110. [PMID: 36077508 PMCID: PMC9456357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins (Gal) are characterized by their affinity for galactoside structures on glycoconjugates. This relationship is mediated by carbohydrate recognition domains, which are multifunctional regulators of basic cellular biological processes with high structural similarity among family members. They participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as in reproductive immunology. Recently, the discovery that galectins are highly expressed at the maternal–fetal interface has garnerd the interest of experts in human reproduction. Galectins are involved in a variety of functions such as maternal–fetal immune tolerance, angiogenesis, trophoblast invasion and placental development and are considered to be important mediators of successful embryo implantation and during pregnancy. Dysregulation of these galectins is associated with abnormal and pathological pregnancies (e.g., preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth). Our work reviews the regulatory mechanisms of galectins in normal and pathological pregnancies and has implications for clinicians in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jia-Lu Shi
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zi-Meng Zheng
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Correspondence: (M.-Q.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jun Shao
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Correspondence: (M.-Q.L.); (J.S.)
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6
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Menkhorst E, Than NG, Jeschke U, Barrientos G, Szereday L, Dveksler G, Blois SM. Medawar's PostEra: Galectins Emerged as Key Players During Fetal-Maternal Glycoimmune Adaptation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:784473. [PMID: 34975875 PMCID: PMC8715898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin-glycan interactions, in particular those mediated by the galectin family, regulate many processes required for a successful pregnancy. Over the past decades, increasing evidence gathered from in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that members of the galectin family specifically bind to both intracellular and membrane bound carbohydrate ligands regulating angiogenesis, immune-cell adaptations required to tolerate the fetal semi-allograft and mammalian embryogenesis. Therefore, galectins play important roles in fetal development and placentation contributing to maternal and fetal health. This review discusses the expression and role of galectins during the course of pregnancy, with an emphasis on maternal immune adaptions and galectin-glycan interactions uncovered in the recent years. In addition, we summarize the galectin fingerprints associated with pathological gestation with particular focus on preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Menkhorst
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Gynaecological Research Centre, The Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enyzmology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Alemán-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laszlo Szereday
- Medical School, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sandra M Blois
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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7
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MicroRNA Bta-miR-24-3p Suppressed Galectin-9 Expression through TLR4/NF-ĸB Signaling Pathway in LPS-Stimulated Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123299. [PMID: 34943807 PMCID: PMC8699331 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometritis is a major infectious disease affecting dairy development. MicroRNAs are recognized as critical regulators of the innate immune response. However, the role and mechanism of Bta-miR-24-3p in the development of endometritis are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Bta-miR-24-3p on the inflammatory response triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to clarify the possible mechanism. LPS-treated bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) were cultured to investigate the role of Bta-miR-24-3p. The expression levels of Bta-miR-24-3p were downregulated, and galectin-9 (LGALS9) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The LPS-induced inflammatory response was assessed by the elevated secretion of inflammatory cytokines measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and TLR4 pathway was assessed by Western blot. The interaction between Bta-miR-24-3p and LGALS9 was validated by bioinformatics analysis and a luciferase reporter assay. LPS-induction in BEECs with Bta-miR-24-3p was overexpressed leads inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, LGALS9 expression, and TLR4/NF-ĸB pathway deactivation. Knockdown of LGALS9 inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory response in BEECs. LGALS9 was validated as a target of Bta-miR-24-3p. Cloned overexpression of LGALS9 failed to alter the effect of Bta-miR-24-3p on the inflammatory response in BEECs. Overall, Bta-miR-24-3p attenuated the LPS-induced inflammatory response via targeting LGALS9. The immunotherapeutic stabilisation of Bta-miR-24-3p could give a therapeutic option for endometritis and other disorders commonly associated with endometritis, suggesting a novel avenue for endometritis treatment.
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8
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Murata H, Tanaka S, Hisamatsu Y, Tsubokura H, Hashimoto Y, Kitada M, Okada H. Transcriptional regulation of LGALS9 by HAND2 and FOXO1 in human endometrial stromal cells in women with regular cycles. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6377344. [PMID: 34581822 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine natural killer cells are regulated via surface inhibitory receptors for IL15 and galectin-9 (LGALS9) secreted by endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). However, the mechanism that regulates LGALS9 mRNA levels in ESCs is unclear. The aim of this study is to clarify the transcriptional regulation of LGALS9 in ESCs. Here, LGALS9 mRNA expression levels significantly decreased in the endometrial tissue in the early- to mid-secretory phase, and recovered in the mid- to late-secretory phase, compared to that in the proliferative phase. In ESCs, LGALS9 mRNA expression significantly decreased following estradiol + medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment for 1 day and increased after 12 days compared to that in the control. The transcriptional activity of the LGALS9 upstream region was upregulated by heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 (HAND2) and downregulated by forkhead box O1 (FOXO1). In ESCs, HAND2 expression significantly increased throughout the 12 days treatment with steroid hormones, whereas FOXO1 expression significantly increased on Day 1, reached a plateau, and significantly increased again after 6 days of treatment. Levels of FOXO1 phosphorylation (pFOXO1) remained unchanged after a 3-day treatment of ESCs with steroid hormones, but significantly increased following a 12-day treatment. pFOXO1 could not bind to the DNA and was thus unable to directly suppress LGALS9 transcription. Therefore, expression level of HAND2 and phosphorylation status of FOXO1 may determine LGALS9 mRNA expression. This study provides a novel molecular mechanism underlying the transcriptional regulation of LGALS9 mRNA in ESCs, which could be valuable in the treatment of diseases associated with decidualization failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Murata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoji Hisamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tsubokura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Hashimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kitada
- Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Okada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Differences in Immune Checkpoints Expression (TIM-3 and PD-1) on T Cells in Women with Recurrent Miscarriages-Preliminary Studies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184182. [PMID: 34575293 PMCID: PMC8468868 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoints are molecules that regulate the function of immune cells and control inflammation processes. An important role in this regard is played by TIM-3/Gal-9 and PD-1/PDL-1 interactions. Previous research performed in a mouse model of pregnancy loss confirmed that blocking TIM-3 could induce fetal loss. Similarly, the PD-1 molecule maintains protective interactions between the mother’s immune cells and the fetus. The purpose of this study was to assess the expression of these molecules on a range of T lymphocyte subpopulations from non-pregnant women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) versus healthy fertile women. Methods: PBMCs were isolated by gradient centrifugation of blood obtained from 12 healthy women and 24 women with RSA and immediately stained for flow cytometry analysis. Standard immunophenotyping of PBMC was performed with the antibodies against classical lymphocyte markers: CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD56. Immune checkpoints were investigated using antibodies against PD-1(CD279) and TIM-3(CD366). Results: We found that expression of TIM-3 was significantly decreased on CD8+ T lymphocytes in the RSA group, and expression of PD-1 was upregulated on CD4+ T lymphocytes in the RSA group in comparison to the healthy controls. Conclusions: Considering our findings, therapeutic intervention towards immune checkpoints may be a promising treatment option for recurrent spontaneous abortion.
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10
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Moar P, Tandon R. Galectin-9 as a biomarker of disease severity. Cell Immunol 2021; 361:104287. [PMID: 33494007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside binding lectin known for its immunomodulatory role in various microbial infections. Gal-9 is expressed in all organ systems and localized in the nucleus, cell surface, cytoplasm and the extracellular matrix. It mediates host-pathogen interactions and regulates cell signalling via binding to its receptors. Gal-9 is involved in many physiological functions such as cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, communication and death. However, recent studies have emphasized on the elevated levels of Gal-9 in autoimmune disorders, viral infections, parasitic invasion, cancer, acute liver failure, atopic dermatitis, chronic kidney disease, type-2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis and benign infertility-related gynecological disorders. In this paper we have reviewed the potential of Gal-9 as a reliable, sensitive and non-invasive biomarker of disease severity. Tracking changes in Gal-9 levels and its implementation as a biomarker in clinical practice will be an important tool to monitor disease activity and facilitate personalized treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Moar
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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11
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Blois SM, Verlohren S, Wu G, Clark G, Dell A, Haslam SM, Barrientos G. Role of galectin-glycan circuits in reproduction: from healthy pregnancy to preterm birth (PTB). Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:469-486. [PMID: 32601855 PMCID: PMC7508936 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that galectins, an evolutionarily conserved family of glycan-binding proteins, fulfill key roles in pregnancy including blastocyst implantation, maternal-fetal immune tolerance, placental development, and maternal vascular expansion, thereby establishing a healthy environment for the growing fetus. In this review, we comprehensively present the function of galectins in shaping cellular circuits that characterize a healthy pregnancy. We describe the current understanding of galectins in term and preterm labor and discuss how the galectin-glycan circuits contribute to key immunological pathways sustaining maternal tolerance and preventing microbial infections. A deeper understanding of the glycoimmune pathways regulating early events in preterm birth could offer the broader translational potential for the treatment of this devastating syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Blois
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, AG GlycoImmunology, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Verlohren
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gary Clark
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Quinn KE, Matson BC, Wetendorf M, Caron KM. Pinopodes: Recent advancements, current perspectives, and future directions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 501:110644. [PMID: 31738970 PMCID: PMC6962535 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Successful embryo implantation is a complex and highly regulated process involving precise synchronization between the fetal-derived trophoblast cells and maternal uterine luminal epithelium. Multiple endocrine-driven factors are important for controlling the timely receptivity of the uterus, and this complexity underscores implantation failure as a major cause of recurrent infertility associated with assisted reproductive technologies. One particular cellular structure often hypothesized to promote receptivity is the pinopode or uterodome - a hormonally regulated, large cellular protrusion on the uterine epithelial surface. Recent clinical studies associate pinopodes with favorable fertility outcomes in women, and because they are directly linked to an increase in progesterone levels, the potential utility of these hormone-regulated cell biological structures in predicting or improving implantation in a clinical setting holds promise. In this review, we aim to generate interest in pinopodes from the broader cell biology and endocrinology communities, re-examine methodologies in pinopode research, and identify priorities for future investigation of pinopode structure and function in women's reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E Quinn
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Brooke C Matson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Margeaux Wetendorf
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kathleen M Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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13
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Differential gene expression in bovine endometrial epithelial cells after challenge with LPS; specific implications for genes involved in embryo maternal interactions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222081. [PMID: 31487323 PMCID: PMC6728075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) expressed on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria activates pro-inflammatory pathways, dys-regulates the function of endometrial cells and is a key player in the mechanisms involved in endometritis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of LPS on bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEEC) from whole transcriptome with a special focus on genes involved in embryo-maternal interactions. Following in vitro culture, bEEC from three cows were exposed to 0, 2, and 8 μg/mL LPS for 24h. RNA samples extracted at 0 and 24 hours were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). At 24h, 2035 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between controls and samples treated with 2 μg/mL LPS. Gene ontology analysis showed that over-expressed DEGs were associated to immune response, response to stress and external stimuli, catalytic activity, and cell cycle. Genes associated with cell membrane and cell adhesion pathways were under-expressed. LPS induced changes in expression of specific genes related to embryo-maternal interactions including under-expression of eight members of the cadherin superfamily, over-expression of six members of the mucin family, and differential expression of a large set of genes binding the above molecules and of more than 20 transcripts coding for cytokines and their receptors. Type I interferon-τ dependent genes were also over-expressed. From a sub-set of 19 genes, (biological replicates of bEEC from cows taken at time 6 (n = 3), 24 (n = 6) and 48 hours (n = 3), and 2 technical replicates per sample) differential gene expression was confirmed by RT2-qPCR (r2 between fold changes at 24 hours by RT2-qPCR and RNA-seq = 0.97). These results indicate that LPS affects the function of bEEC in many ways by differential transcription, glycolytic metabolism and oxidative stress. Many transcriptomic signatures related to implantation and embryo maternal interactions were strongly affected by LPS. These results pave the way for further studies to investigate the duration of these changes and their possible impact on endometrial function and fertility.
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14
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Blois SM, Dveksler G, Vasta GR, Freitag N, Blanchard V, Barrientos G. Pregnancy Galectinology: Insights Into a Complex Network of Glycan Binding Proteins. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1166. [PMID: 31231368 PMCID: PMC6558399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a phylogenetically conserved family of soluble β-galactoside binding proteins, consisting of 15 different types, each with a specific function. Galectins contribute to placentation by regulating trophoblast development, migration, and invasion during early pregnancy. In addition, galectins are critical players regulating maternal immune tolerance to the embedded embryo. Recently, the role of galectins in angiogenesis during decidualization and in placenta formation has gained attention. Altered expression of galectins is associated with abnormal pregnancies and infertility. This review focuses on the role of galectins in pregnancy-associated processes and discusses the relevance of galectin-glycan interactions as potential therapeutic targets in pregnancy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Blois
- Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gerardo R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, UMB, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nancy Freitag
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Véronique Blanchard
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Baba NA, Panigrahi M, Verma AD, Sadam A, Sulabh S, Chhotaray S, Parida S, Krishnaswamy N, Bhushan B. Endometrial transcript profile of progesterone-regulated genes during early pregnancy of Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis
). Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 54:100-107. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naseer A. Baba
- Division of Animal Genetics; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Manjit Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ankita D. Verma
- Division of Animal Genetics; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Abdul Sadam
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sourabh Sulabh
- Division of Animal Genetics; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Supriya Chhotaray
- Division of Animal Genetics; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Subhashree Parida
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Narayanan Krishnaswamy
- Division of Animal Reproduction; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Division of Animal Genetics; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh India
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16
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Lajko A, Meggyes M, Polgar B, Szereday L. The immunological effect of Galectin-9/TIM-3 pathway after low dose Mifepristone treatment in mice at 14.5 day of pregnancy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194870. [PMID: 29566059 PMCID: PMC5864070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The abortifacient Mifepristone (RU486) has proven to be a safe, effective, acceptable option for millions of women seeking abortion during the first and second trimester of pregnancy although its precise mechanism of action is not well understood. The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of low dose Mifepristone administration on placental Galectin-9 (Gal-9) expression, as well as its effect on the cell surface expression of Gal-9, TIM-3 and CD107a molecules by different T and NK cell subsets. A model of Mifepristone-induced immunological changes was established in syngeneic pregnant BALB/c mice. RU486-induced alteration in placental Gal-9 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. For immunophenotypic analysis, mid-pregnancy decidual lymphocytes and peripheral mononuclear cells were obtained from Mifepristone treated and control mice at the 14.5 day of gestation. TIM-3 and Gal-9 expression by peripheral and decidual immune cells were examined by flow cytometry. Our results revealed a dramatically decreased intracellular Gal-9 expression in the spongiotrophoblast layer of the haemochorial placenta in Mifepristone treated pregnant mice. Although low dose RU486 treatment did not cause considerable change in the phenotypic distribution of decidual and peripheral immune cells, it altered the Gal-9 and TIM-3 expression by different NK and T cell subsets. In addition, the treatment significantly decreased the CD107a expression by decidual TIM-3+ NK cells, but increased its expression by decidual NKT cell compared to the peripheral counterparts. These findings suggest that low dose Mifepristone administration might induce immune alterations in both progesterone dependent and independent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Lajko
- University of Pecs, Medical School, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Matyas Meggyes
- University of Pecs, Medical School, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Pecs, Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Beata Polgar
- University of Pecs, Medical School, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Pecs, Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Szereday
- University of Pecs, Medical School, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Pecs, Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Pecs, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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17
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Meggyes M, Szanto J, Lajko A, Farkas B, Varnagy A, Tamas P, Hantosi E, Miko E, Szereday L. The possible role of CD8+/Vα7.2+/CD161++ T (MAIT) and CD8+/Vα7.2+/CD161loT (MAIT-like) cells in the pathogenesis of early-onset pre-eclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 79. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matyas Meggyes
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology; Clinical Center; University of Pecs; Pecs Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai Research Center; Pecs Hungary
| | - Julia Szanto
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology; Clinical Center; University of Pecs; Pecs Hungary
| | - Adrienn Lajko
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology; Clinical Center; University of Pecs; Pecs Hungary
| | - Balint Farkas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Clinical Center; University of Pecs; Pecs Hungary
| | - Akos Varnagy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Clinical Center; University of Pecs; Pecs Hungary
| | - Peter Tamas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Clinical Center; University of Pecs; Pecs Hungary
| | - Eszter Hantosi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Clinical Center; University of Pecs; Pecs Hungary
| | - Eva Miko
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology; Clinical Center; University of Pecs; Pecs Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai Research Center; Pecs Hungary
| | - Laszlo Szereday
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology; Clinical Center; University of Pecs; Pecs Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai Research Center; Pecs Hungary
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18
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Brubel R, Bokor A, Pohl A, Schilli GK, Szereday L, Bacher-Szamuel R, Rigo J, Polgar B. Serum galectin-9 as a noninvasive biomarker for the detection of endometriosis and pelvic pain or infertility-related gynecologic disorders. Fertil Steril 2017; 108:1016-1025.e2. [PMID: 29202955 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the usefulness of soluble galectin-9 (Gal-9) in the noninvasive laboratory diagnosis of endometriosis and various gynecologic disorders. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. SETTING University medical centers. PATIENT(S) A total of 135 women of reproductive age were involved in the study, 77 endometriosis patients, 28 gynecologic controls, and 30 healthy women. INTERVENTION(S) Diagnostic laparoscopy and collection of tissue biopsies, peritoneal cells, and native peripheral blood from different case groups of gynecology patients and healthy women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The expression of mRNA and serum concentration of Gal-9. RESULT(S) Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and serum soluble Gal-9 ELISA were performed on three different cohorts of patients: those with endometriosis, those with benign gynecologic disorders, and healthy controls. Differences in the Gal-9 concentrations between the investigated groups and the stability of Gal-9 in the serum and diagnostic characteristics of Gal-9 ELISA were determined by statistical evaluation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Significantly elevated Gal-9 levels were found in both minimal-mild (I-II) and moderate-severe (III-IV) stages of endometriosis in comparison with healthy controls. At a cutoff of 132 pg/mL, ROC analysis revealed an excellent diagnostic value of Gal-9 ELISA in endometriosis (area under the curve = 0.973) with a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 93.75%, indicating better diagnostic potential than that of other endometriosis biomarkers. Furthermore, various pelvic pain or infertility-associated benign gynecologic conditions were also associated with increased serum Gal-9 levels. CONCLUSION(S) Our results suggest that Gal-9 could be a promising noninvasive biomarker of endometriosis and a predictor of various infertility or pelvic pain-related gynecologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka Brubel
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Bokor
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Akos Pohl
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Krisztina Schilli
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Szereday
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Reka Bacher-Szamuel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Janos Rigo
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beata Polgar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Pecs, Hungary.
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19
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Abstract
Galectins is a family of non-classically secreted, beta-galactoside-binding proteins that has recently received considerable attention in the spatio-temporal regulation of surface 'signal lattice' organization, membrane dynamics, cell-adhesion and disease therapeutics. Galectin-9 is a unique member of this family, with two non-homologous carbohydrate recognition domains joined by a linker peptide sequence of variable lengths, generating isoforms with distinct properties and functions in both physiological and pathological settings, such as during development, immune reaction, neoplastic transformations and metastasis. In this review, we summarize the latest knowledge on the structure, receptors, cellular targets, trafficking pathways and functional properties of galectin-9 and discuss how galectin-9-mediated signalling cascades can be exploited in cancers and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian John
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Division of Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
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20
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Tim-3: Expression on immune cells and roles at the maternal-fetal interface. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 118:92-99. [PMID: 27792886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Successful pregnancy relies on the accurate regulation of the maternal-fetal immune system. Without enough tolerance in the uterine microenvironment, the mother and the hemiallogeneic fetus could not peacefully coexist. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim)-3 is a molecule originally regarded as to be expressed on terminally differentiated IFN-γ expressing CD4+ T cells (Th1). The engagement of Tim-3 with its ligand, galectin-9 (Gal-9) could induce the exhaustion or apoptosis of effector T cells, and thus might regulate the tolerance. Tim-3 pathway also participates in regulating the activities of CD4+ regulatory T cells, monocyte-macrophages, dendritic cells and natural killer cells. Dysregulation of Tim-3 expression can elicit excessive or inhibited inflammatory responses and ultimately result in autoimmune diseases, viral or tumor evasion and pregnancy complications. In this review, we will mainly focus on the expression of Tim-3 on local immune cells and its function in pregnancy. In addition, meaningful questions that need further investigation and the potential roles of Tim-3 in fetal tolerance will be discussed. Deeper understanding of the immune checkpoint receptor Tim-3 will shed new light on exploring the pathogenesis of some pregnancy complications, including pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, recurrent spontaneous abortion and preterm birth. Tim-3 pathway might be a new target of immune therapy for pregnancy complications in the future.
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21
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Nio-Kobayashi J. Tissue- and cell-specific localization of galectins, β-galactose-binding animal lectins, and their potential functions in health and disease. Anat Sci Int 2016; 92:25-36. [PMID: 27590897 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-016-0366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen galectins, β-galactose-binding animal lectins, are known to be distributed throughout the body. We herein summarize current knowledge on the tissue- and cell-specific localization of galectins and their potential functions in health and disease. Galectin-3 is widely distributed in epithelia, including the simple columnar epithelium in the gut, stratified squamous epithelium in the gut and skin, and transitional epithelium and several regions in nephrons in the urinary tract. Galectin-2 and galectin-4/6 are gut-specific, while galectin-7 is found in the stratified squamous epithelium in the gut and skin. The reproductive tract mainly contains galectin-1 and galectin-3, and their expression markedly changes during the estrous/menstrual cycle. The galectin subtype expressed in the corpus luteum (CL) changes in association with luteal function. The CL of women and cows displays a "galectin switch" with coordinated changes in the major galectin subtype and its ligand glycoconjugate structure. Macrophages express galectin-3, which may be involved in phagocytotic activity. Lymphoid tissues contain galectin-3-positive macrophages, which are not always stained with the macrophage marker, F4/80. Subsets of neurons in the brain and dorsal root ganglion express galectin-1 and galectin-3, which may contribute to the regeneration of damaged axons, stem cell differentiation, and pain control. The subtype-specific contribution of galectins to implantation, fibrosis, and diabetes are also discussed. The function of galectins may differ depending on the tissues or cells in which they act. The ligand glycoconjugate structures mediated by glycosyltransferases including MGAT5, ST6GAL1, and C2GnT are important for revealing the functions of galectins in healthy and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Nio-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15-Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
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22
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Than NG, Romero R, Balogh A, Karpati E, Mastrolia SA, Staretz-Chacham O, Hahn S, Erez O, Papp Z, Kim CJ. Galectins: Double-edged Swords in the Cross-roads of Pregnancy Complications and Female Reproductive Tract Inflammation and Neoplasia. J Pathol Transl Med 2015; 49:181-208. [PMID: 26018511 PMCID: PMC4440931 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2015.02.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are an evolutionarily ancient and widely expressed family of lectins that have unique glycan-binding characteristics. They are pleiotropic regulators of key biological processes, such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, signal transduction, and pre-mRNA splicing, as well as homo- and heterotypic cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Galectins are also pivotal in immune responses since they regulate host-pathogen interactions, innate and adaptive immune responses, acute and chronic inflammation, and immune tolerance. Some galectins are also central to the regulation of angiogenesis, cell migration and invasion. Expression and functional data provide convincing evidence that, due to these functions, galectins play key roles in shared and unique pathways of normal embryonic and placental development as well as oncodevelopmental processes in tumorigenesis. Therefore, galectins may sometimes act as double-edged swords since they have beneficial but also harmful effects for the organism. Recent advances facilitate the use of galectins as biomarkers in obstetrical syndromes and in various malignancies, and their therapeutic applications are also under investigation. This review provides a general overview of galectins and a focused review of this lectin subfamily in the context of inflammation, infection and tumors of the female reproductive tract as well as in normal pregnancies and those complicated by the great obstetrical syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandor Gabor Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
- Maternity Private Department, Kutvolgyi Clinical Block, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hangary
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Immunology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eva Karpati
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Immunology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Salvatore Andrea Mastrolia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Sinuhe Hahn
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Zoltan Papp
- Maternity Private Department, Kutvolgyi Clinical Block, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hangary
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Vergetaki A, Jeschke U, Vrekoussis T, Taliouri E, Sabatini L, Papakonstanti EA, Makrigiannakis A. Galectin-1 overexpression in endometriosis and its regulation by neuropeptides (CRH, UCN) indicating its important role in reproduction and inflammation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114229. [PMID: 25473847 PMCID: PMC4256414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease of women of reproductive age featured by the presence of ectopic endometrium and is strongly related to infertility. Galectins, carbonhydrate-binding proteins, have been found to have pro- or anti-inflammatory roles in the reproductive tract and in pathological conditions concerning infertility. Galectin-1, which is expressed at endometrium and decidua, plays a major role in implantation and trophoblast invasion. Also, the neuropeptides, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and urocortin (UCN) and their receptors are expressed in eutopic and ectopic endometrium showing a differential expression pattern in endometriotic women compared to healthy ones. The aim of this study was to examine the galectin-1 expression in endometriotic lesions and compare its expression in eutopic endometrium of endometriotic and healthy women. Furthermore, we examined the effect of CRH and UCN in galectin-1 expression in Ishikawa cell line and macrophages and investigated the implication of CRHR1 in these responses. Eutopic and ectopic endometrium specimens, Ishikawa cell line and mice macrophages were used. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were performed in order to identify galectin-1 expression in ectopic and eutopic endometrium of women with and without endometriosis and the regulatory effect of CRH and UCN on galectin-1 expression. This study presents for the first time that galectin-1 is overexpressed in endometriotic lesions compared to eutopic endometrium of endometriotic women and is more abundantly expressed in eutopic endometrium of disease women compared to healthy ones. Furthermore, it is shown that CRH and UCN upregulate galectin-1 expression in Ishikawa cell line and macrophages and this effect is mediated through CRHR1. These results suggest that galectin-1 might play an important role in endometriosis pathology and infertility profile of women suffering from endometriosis by being at the same time regulated by CRH and UCN interfering in the immune disequilibrium which characterizes this pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Vergetaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Innenstadt campus, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Vrekoussis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eirini Taliouri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Luca Sabatini
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Antonis Makrigiannakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Schmaltz-Panneau B, Cordova A, Dhorne-Pollet S, Hennequet-Antier C, Uzbekova S, Martinot E, Doret S, Martin P, Mermillod P, Locatelli Y. Early bovine embryos regulate oviduct epithelial cell gene expression during in vitro co-culture. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 149:103-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Peripheral blood TIM-3 positive NK and CD8+ T cells throughout pregnancy: TIM-3/galectin-9 interaction and its possible role during pregnancy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92371. [PMID: 24651720 PMCID: PMC3961322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM) family is a relatively newly described group of molecules with a conserved structure and important immunological functions. Identification of Galectin-9 as a ligand for TIM-3 has established the Galectin-9/TIM-3 pathway as an important negative regulator of Th1 immunity and tolerance induction. Data about the TIM-3/Gal-9 pathway in the pathogenesis of human diseases is emerging, but their possible role during human pregnancy is not precisely known. The aim of our study was to investigate the number, phenotype and functional activity of TIM-3+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells during healthy human pregnancy. METHODS OF STUDY 57 healthy pregnant women [first trimester (n = 16); second trimester (n = 19); third trimester (n = 22)] and 30 non-pregnant controls were enrolled in the study. We measured the surface expression of TIM-3 by cytotoxic T cells, NK cells and NK cell subsets as well as Galectin-9 expression by regulatory T cells by flow cytometry. We analyzed the cytokine production and cytotoxicity of TIM3+ and TIM3- CD8 T and NK cells obtained from non-pregnant and healthy pregnant women at different stages of pregnancy by flow cytometry. Serum Galectin-9 levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Our results show that the numbers of peripheral NK and cytotoxic T cells and their TIM-3 expression do not change between the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Compared to non-pregnant individuals, regulatory T cells show higher level of Galectin-9 expression as pregnancy proceeds, which is in line with the level of Galectin-9 in the patients sera. Cytotoxic T cells, NK cells and NK cell subsets expressing TIM-3 molecule show altered cytokine production and cytotoxicity during pregnancy compared to non-pregnant individuals. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Galectin-9 expressing regulatory T cells, TIM-3+ cytotoxic T cells and NK cells could play an important role in the maintenance of healthy pregnancy.
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Expression and function of galectins in the endometrium and at the human feto-maternal interface. Placenta 2013; 34:863-72. [PMID: 23911101 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are classified as lectins that share structural similarities and bind β-galactosides via a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain. So far 16 out of 19 identified galectins were shown to be present in humans and numerous studies revealed galectins as pivotal modulators of cell death, differentiation and growth. Galectins were highlighted to interact with both the adaptive and innate immune response. In the field of reproductive medicine and placenta research different roles for galectins have been proposed. Several galectins, being abundantly present at the human feto-maternal interphase and endometrium, were hypothesized to significantly contribute to endometrial receptivity and pregnancy physiology. Hence, this review outlines selected aspects of galectin action within endometrial function and at the feto-maternal interphase. Further current knowledge on galectins in reproductive and pregnancy disorders like endometriosis, abortion or preeclampsia is summarized.
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Heusschen R, Freitag N, Tirado-González I, Barrientos G, Moschansky P, Muñoz-Fernández R, Leno-Durán E, Klapp BF, Thijssen VLJL, Blois SM. Profiling Lgals9 splice variant expression at the fetal-maternal interface: implications in normal and pathological human pregnancy. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:22. [PMID: 23242525 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.105460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of fetal-maternal tolerance mechanisms can contribute to pregnancy complications, including spontaneous abortion. Galectin-9 (LGALS9), a tandem repeat lectin associated with immune modulation, is expressed in the endometrium during the mid and late secretory phases and in decidua during human early pregnancy. However, the role of LGALS9 during pregnancy remains poorly understood. We used real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining to analyze the expression of Lgals9/LGALS9 during mouse gestation as well as in human tissues obtained from normal pregnancy and spontaneous abortions. In mice, three Lgals9 splice variants were detected, the expression of which was differentially regulated during gestation. Furthermore, decidual Lgals9 expression was deregulated in a mouse model of spontaneous abortion, whereas placental levels did not change. We further found that the LGALS9 D5 isoform suppresses interferon gamma production by decidual natural killer cells. In human patients, six Lgals9 splice variants were detected, and a decrease in Lgals9 D5/10 was associated with spontaneous abortion. Altogether, these results show a differential regulation of Lgals9 isoform expression during normal and pathological pregnancies and designate Lgals9 as a potential marker for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Heusschen
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Angiogenesis Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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A Possible Role of Galectin-9 in the Pulmonary Fibrosis of Patients with Interstitial Pneumonia. Lung 2013; 191:191-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-012-9446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vega-Carrascal I, Reeves EP, McElvaney NG. The role of TIM-containing molecules in airway disease and their potential as therapeutic targets. J Inflamm Res 2012; 5:77-87. [PMID: 22952413 PMCID: PMC3430008 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s34225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain (TIM)-containing molecules have emerged as promising therapeutic targets to correct abnormal immune function in several autoimmune and chronic inflammatory conditions. Despite the initial discovery linking TIM-containing molecules and the airway hyperreactivity regulatory locus in mice, there is a paucity of studies on the function of TIM-containing molecules in lung inflammatory disease. Initially, studies were limited to mice models of asthma. More recently however, TIM-containing molecules have been implicated in an ever-expanding list of airway conditions that includes pneumonia, tuberculosis, influenza, sarcoidosis, lung cancer, and cystic fibrosis. This present review discusses the role of TIM-containing molecules and their ligands in the lung, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets in airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Vega-Carrascal
- Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Human placentation from nidation to 5 weeks of gestation. Part I: What do we know about formative placental development following implantation? Placenta 2012; 33:327-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Chae JI, Kim J, Lee SG, Jeon YJ, Kim DW, Soh Y, Seo KS, Lee HK, Choi NJ, Ryu J, Kang S, Cho SK, Lee DS, Chung HM, Koo ADB. Proteomic analysis of pregnancy-related proteins from pig uterus endometrium during pregnancy. Proteome Sci 2011; 9:41. [PMID: 21791079 PMCID: PMC3162492 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-9-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Many important molecular events associated with implantation and development occur within the female reproductive tract, especially within the uterus endometrium, during pregnancy periods. The endometrium includes the mucosal lining of the uterus, which provides a suitable site for implantation and development of a fertilized egg and fetus. To date, the molecular cascades in the uterus endometrium during pregnancy periods in pigs have not been elucidated fully. In this study, we compared the functional regulated proteins in the endometrium during pregnancy periods with those in non-pregnant conditions and investigated changes in expression patterns during pregnancy (days 40, 70, and 93) using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and western blotting. The functional regulated proteins were identified and discovered from differentially expressed proteins in the uterus endometrium during pregnancy. We discovered 820 protein spots in a proteomic analysis of uterus endometrium tissues with 2-DE gels. We identified 63 of the 98 proteins regulated differentially among non-pregnant and pregnant tissues (matched and unmatched spots). Interestingly, 10 of these 63 proteins are development-, cytoskeleton- and chaperon-related proteins such as transferrin, protein DJ-1, transgelin, galectin-1, septin 2, stathmin 1, cofilin 1, fascin 1, heat shock protein (HSP) 90β and HSP 27. The specific expression patterns of these proteins in the endometrium during pregnancy were confirmed by western blotting. Our results suggest that the expressions of these genes involved in endometrium function and endometrium development from early to late gestation are associated with the regulation of endometrium development for maintaining pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Bioscience, BK21 project, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju (651-756), Korea
| | - Jumi Kim
- Graduate School of Life Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, College of Medicine, CHA University, 605-21 Yeoksam 1 dong, Gangnam gu, Seoul 135-907, Korea
| | - Seong G Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jeon
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Bioscience, BK21 project, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju (651-756), Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Bioscience, BK21 project, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju (651-756), Korea
| | - Yunjo Soh
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Bioscience, BK21 project, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju (651-756), Korea
| | - Kang S Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Korea
| | - Hak K Lee
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, 67 Sukjong-dong, Ansung-city, Kyongi-do, 456-749, Korea
| | - Nag-Jin Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural & Life Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Joohyun Ryu
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Kang
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Keun Cho
- Depart. of Animal Science, College of National Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang-si, Gyeongnam 627-706, Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Hyung M Chung
- CHA Bio & Diostech Co., Ltd. 606-16 Yeoksam 1 dong, Gangnam gu, Seoul 135-907, Korea.,Graduate School of Life Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, College of Medicine, CHA University, 605-21 Yeoksam 1 dong, Gangnam gu, Seoul 135-907, Korea
| | - And Deog-Bon Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering Daegu University, 15 Jillyang Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-714, Korea
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Okumu LA, Fair T, Szekeres-Bartho J, O'Doherty AM, Crowe MA, Roche JF, Lonergan P, Forde N. Endometrial expression of progesterone-induced blocking factor and galectins-1, -3, -9, and -3 binding protein in the luteal phase and early pregnancy in cattle. Physiol Genomics 2011; 43:903-10. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00251.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) and galectins modulate the maternal immune response during pregnancy. We hypothesized that the relative transcript abundance of the above genes would be different during the luteal phase/early pregnancy and would be affected by progesterone supplementation. To further test this, hypothesis protein expression analyses were carried out to evaluate the abundance and localization of LGALS9 and PIBF. Following estrus synchronization, heifers were inseminated ( n = 140) or not ( n = 70). Half the heifers in each status (cyclic or potentially pregnant) were randomly assigned to receive a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) on day 3 after estrus, which elevated progesterone concentrations from day 3.5 to 8 ( P < 0.05), resulting in four treatment groups: cyclic and pregnant heifers, each with normal and high progesterone. After confirmation of pregnancy status in inseminated animals, uterine tissue was collected on days 5, 7, 13, or 16 of the luteal phase of the cycle/pregnancy. Gene and protein expression was determined using Q-RT-PCR and IHC, respectively, on 5 heifers per treatment per time point (i.e., 80 in total). Progesterone concentrations did not affect expression of any of the genes ( P > 0.05). LGALS9 and LGALS3BP were expressed at low levels in both cyclic and pregnant endometria until day 13. On day 16, expression increased only in the pregnant heifers ( P < 0.0001). LGALS1 and LGALS3 decreased on day 7 ( P < 0.0001) and remained low until day 16. Pregnancy had no effect on the expression of LGALS1, LGALS3, and PIBF. Additionally, LGALS9 and PIBF proteins were expressed in distinct uterine cell types. These results indicate that the galectins may be involved in uterine receptivity and/or implantation in heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Okumu
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - T. Fair
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - J. Szekeres-Bartho
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Medical School, Pecs University, Pecs, Hungary
| | - A. M. O'Doherty
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - M. A. Crowe
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - J. F. Roche
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - P. Lonergan
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - N. Forde
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; and
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Galectin-9 significantly prolongs the survival of fully mismatched cardiac allografts in mice. Transplantation 2009; 88:782-90. [PMID: 19920777 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181b47f25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) in the regulation of solid organ transplantation rejection is largely unknown. We used galectin-9 (Tim-3 ligand) to evaluate the effect and mechanisms of Tim-3/galectin-9 pathway in an allogeneic heart transplant model. METHODS The murine cardiac transplant model from BALB/c (H-2d) to C57BL/6 (H-2b) was built. The recipients were administered with galectin-9 for 7 days from day 1 or day 3 posttransplant. The complete cessation of cardiac contractility was defined as the observation endpoint. The effect of galectin-9 on cell proliferation was assessed by mixed lymphocyte reaction. Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed to estimate the severity of rejection. The phenotype and cytokine profile of lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS In vitro, galectin-9 suppressed the proliferation of lymphocytes mixed lymphocyte reactions in a dose- and beta-galactoside-dependent manner. In vivo, galectin-9 treatment from day 1 to day 3 posttransplant achieved similar survival time of grafts (median survival time, 22.7+/-1.2 vs. 23.0+/-1.0 days). The prolonged survival time was associated with reduced infiltration of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes in allografts. Furthermore, the intragraft transcriptional profiling in galectin-9-treated group showed reduction of IFN-gamma and IL-17 mRNA but elevation of Ebi-3 and galectin-9 mRNA. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that galectin-9 treatment reduced the ratio of T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cells in the draining lymph nodes and peripheral blood. CONCLUSIONS A short-course administration of galectin-9 significantly prolonged the survival of fully allogeneic cardiac allografts, which was associated with the suppression of Th1 and Th17 immune responses.
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Singh H, Aplin JD. Adhesion molecules in endometrial epithelium: tissue integrity and embryo implantation. J Anat 2009; 215:3-13. [PMID: 19453302 PMCID: PMC2714633 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion in endometrial epithelium is regulated to maintain the continuity and protectiveness of the luminal covering cell layer while permitting interstitial implantation of the embryo during a restricted period of about 4 days. Many apparently normal embryos fail to implant, and epithelial-embryo adhesion remains a poorly understood phenomenon. After menstruation, epithelial regeneration occurs by epiboly from the basal residues of glands, an activity that requires migration on extracellular matrix as well as cell-cell cohesion. Here we review current knowledge of adhesion molecules in the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmeet Singh
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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