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Murata T, Chiba S, Kawaminami M. Activin A specifically suppresses the expression of annexin A5 mRNA and augments gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation of A1 expression in LβT2 gonadotrope cells. Endocr J 2022; 69:1193-1200. [PMID: 35584931 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates annexin A1 (Anxa1) and A5 (Anxa5) mRNA expression through the GnRH-receptor-mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in LβT2 cells. As LβT2 cells respond to activin, we examined the effect of activin A on Anxa1 and a5 expression in LβT2 cells. Activin A (0.4 and 4 ng/mL) treatment decreased Anxa5 mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner, but did not affect Anxa1 mRNA levels at concentrations up to 40 ng/mL. After activin A treatment (4 ng/mL), Anxa5 mRNA levels significantly decreased at 6 h, gradually declined until 24 h, and remained low until 48 h, whereas Anxa1 mRNA levels did not significantly change following treatment. Pretreatment with activin A for 24 h increased GnRH agonist (GnRHa)-induced Anxa1 increase by approximately 7-fold compared with GnRHa stimulation alone, but Anxa5 was not affected. As previously reported, these activin A treatments increased gonadotropin β subunit and GnRH receptor mRNA levels and slightly decreased common α-glycoprotein subunit mRNA levels. Furthermore, we examined the effect of activin A on Nr4a3, which is repressed by ANXA5 and which reduces Fshb expression, and found that activin A augmented Nr4a3 expression and slightly decreased the GnRHa-induced increase in Nr4a3. These results suggest that in gonadotrope cells, the mechanism regulating Anxa1 and a5 expression is differentially coupled with activin A signal transduction. Activin A suppresses Anxa5 expression under increased Nr4a3 expression, whereas activin A and GnRH synergistically stimulate Anxa1 expression. These GnRH-inducible annexins may have different specific functions in gonadotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Murata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Shuichi Chiba
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsumori Kawaminami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
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Murata T, Chiba S, Kawaminami M. Changes in the expressions of annexin A1, annexin A5, inhibin/activin subunits, and vitamin D receptor mRNAs in pituitary glands of female rats during the estrous cycle: correlation analyses among these factors. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:1065-1073. [PMID: 35705304 PMCID: PMC9412066 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary gonadotropin secretion is regulated by several pituitary factors as well as
GnRH and ovarian hormones. To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of pituitary
gonadotropin secretions, we observed changes in the mRNA levels of pituitary factors,
namely annexin A1 (Anxa1) and Anxa5, inhibin/activin
subunits, follistatin (Fst), and vitamin D receptor
(Vdr), in female rat pituitary glands during the estrous cycle.
Additionally, levels of LHβ subunit (Lhb), FSHβ subunit
(Fshb), and GnRH receptor (Gnrh-r) mRNA were examined.
During proestrus, Anxa1, Anxa5, Vdr, and inhibin α-subunit
(Inha) exhibited the lowest levels, while during estrus, activin
βB-subunit (Actbb), Lhb, and Gnrh-r
were the lowest. Moreover, Fshb exhibited the highest value during
metestrus, whereas Fst did not differ significantly. Correlation analyses
revealed 16 statistically significant gene combinations. In particular, four combinations,
namely Anxa5 and Inha, Anxa5 and Actbb,
Inha and Vdr, and Inha and Actbb, were highly
significant (P<0.0001), while four combinations,
Anxa1 and Anxa5, Anxa1 and Vdr,
Anxa5 and Vdr, and Lhb and
Gnrh-r, were moderately significant (P<0.001). The
remaining eight combinations that exhibited statistical significance were
Anxa1 and Inha, Anxa1 and Actbb,
Vdr and Actbb, Anxa1 and
Fshb, Inha and Lhb, Actbb and
Fshb, Actbb and Lhb, and
Fst and Fshb (P<0.05). These
results highlight strong correlations among Anxa1, Anxa5, Vdr, Inha, and
Actbb, thereby suggesting that an interaction among ANXA1, ANXA5, and
VDR may lead to further communications with inhibin and/or activin in the pituitary
gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Murata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Shuichi Chiba
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Mitsumori Kawaminami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
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Murata T, Chiba S, Kawaminami M. The expression of Annexin A1 and A5 mRNA by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in LβT2 gonadotrope cells. Endocr J 2022; 69:283-290. [PMID: 34645720 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation of annexin A1 (ANXA1) and A5 (ANXA5) mRNA expression was analyzed in LβT2 gonadotrope cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed that a GnRH analog (GnRHa) stimulated the expression of both ANXA1 and A5 mRNA with a peak at 12 h of incubation; however, ANXA1 mRNA was extremely stimulated (60 folds). Immunocytochemical analysis confirmed these findings. A GnRH antagonist inhibited the effect of GnRHa. ANXA1 and A5 mRNA levels were significantly increased by protein kinase C (PKC) activator (12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate; TPA), but not by dibutyryl cAMP. GnRHa-stimulated induction of ANXA1 and A5 mRNA was inhibited by PKC (GF109203) and MEK inhibitors (PD98059). TPA increased ANXA1 and A5 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner (1 nM to 10 μM), while the extent of the increase was much greater in ANXA1. After stimulation with 10 nM or 1 μM TPA, ANXA1 and A5 mRNA levels were increased at 6 h. ANXA1 mRNA levels were higher in the 1 μM TPA than in the 10 nM TPA treatment, whereas 1 μM TPA did not show further stimulation of ANXA5 mRNA compared to 10 nM TPA. These results clearly show that ANXA1 mRNA expression is stimulated by GnRH through PKC like ANXA5, and the response of ANXA1 is much larger than that of ANXA5. A close relationship between these annexins and a significant role for ANXA1 in GnRH action at gonadotropes is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Murata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Shuichi Chiba
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsumori Kawaminami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
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4
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Terashima R, Laoharatchatathanin T, Kurusu S, Kawaminami M. Sequential preovulatory expression of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone-inducible gene, Nr4a3, and its suppressor Anxa5 in the pituitary gland of female rats. J Reprod Dev 2021; 67:217-221. [PMID: 33840679 PMCID: PMC8238674 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2021-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional relationship between nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (Nr4a3) and annexin A5 (Anxa5), which are two
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-inducible genes, has been established while evaluating pituitary gonadotropes in relation to follicle-stimulating hormone
beta (Fshb) expression. However, the physiological variations that arise due to the differential expression of these genes in the pituitary
gland during rat estrous cycle remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the Nr4a3 and Anxa5 mRNA expression during the
estrous cycle in rats in comparison with the expression of the gonadotropin subunit genes, luteinizing hormone beta (Lhb) and
Fshb. Nr4a3 mRNA expression showed a single peak at 1400 h of proestrus during the 4-d estrous cycle. Anxa5
mRNA level was elevated along with increased Fshb mRNA expression after the decline of Nr4a3 mRNA until 2300 h.
Lhb mRNA expression levels were not significantly changed during the estrous cycle. Notably, addition of a GnRH antagonist at 1100 h
completely eradicated luteinizing hormone secretion at 1400 h and 1700 h of proestrus, and significantly reduced the Nr4a3 mRNA expression
level at both the time points. These results suggest that GnRH is, at least partly, responsible for the increase in pituitary Nr4a3, and that
the interaction between NR4A3 and ANXA5 is required to regulate Fshb expression during the preovulatory gonadotropin surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Terashima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Titaree Laoharatchatathanin
- Clinic for Small Domestic Animals and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Shiro Kurusu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Mitsumori Kawaminami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
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5
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Terashima R, Saigo T, Laoharatchatathanin T, Kurusu S, Brachvogel B, Pöschl E, Kawaminami M. Augmentation of Nr4a3 and Suppression of Fshb Expression in the Pituitary Gland of Female Annexin A5 Null Mouse. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa096. [PMID: 32864544 PMCID: PMC7448937 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
GnRH enhances the expression of annexin A5 (ANXA5) in pituitary gonadotropes, and ANXA5 enhances gonadotropin secretion. However, the impact of ANXA5 regulation on the expression of pituitary hormone genes remains unclear. Here, using quantitative PCR, we demonstrated that ANXA5 deficiency in female mice reduced the expression of Fshb and Gh in their pituitary glands. Transcriptome analysis confirmed a specific increase in Nr4a3 mRNA expression in addition to lower levels of Fshb expression in ANXA5-deficient female pituitary glands. This gene was then found to be a GnRH-inducible immediate early gene, and its increased expression caused protein to accumulate in the nucleus after administration of a GnRH agonist in LβT2 cells, which are an in vitro pituitary gonadotrope model. The increase in ANXA5 protein levels in LβT2 cells clearly suppressed Nr4a3 expression. siRNA-mediated inhibition of Nr4a3 expression increased Fshb expression. The results revealed that GnRH stimulates Nr4a3 and Anxa5 sequentially. NR4A3 suppression of Fshb may be necessary for later massive secretion of FSH by GnRH in gonadotropes, and Nr4a3 would be negatively regulated by ANXA5 to increase FSH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Terashima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Saigo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Titaree Laoharatchatathanin
- Clinic for Small Domestic Animals and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shiro Kurusu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Experimental Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ernst Pöschl
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Mitsumori Kawaminami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
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6
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GnRH Antagonists Produce Differential Modulation of the Signaling Pathways Mediated by GnRH Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225548. [PMID: 31703269 PMCID: PMC6888270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists differ by 1-2 amino acids and are used to inhibit gonadotropin production during assisted reproduction technologies (ART). In this study, potencies of three GnRH antagonists, Cetrorelix, Ganirelix and Teverelix, in inhibiting GnRH-mediated intracellular signaling, were compared in vitro. GnRH receptor (GnRHR)-transfected HEK293 and neuroblastoma-derived SH-SY5Y cell lines, as well as mouse pituitary LβT2 cells endogenously expressing the murine GnRHR, were treated with GnRH in the presence or absence of the antagonist. We evaluated intracellular calcium (Ca2+) and cAMP increases, cAMP-responsive element binding-protein (CREB) and extracellular-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, β-catenin activation and mouse luteinizing-hormone β-encoding gene (Lhb) transcription by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), Western blotting, immunostaining and real-time PCR as appropriate. The kinetics of GnRH-induced Ca2+ rapid increase revealed dose-response accumulation with potency (EC50) of 23 nM in transfected HEK293 cells, transfected SH-SY5Y and LβT2 cells. Cetrorelix inhibited the 3 × EC50 GnRH-activated calcium signaling at concentrations of 1 nM-1 µM, demonstrating higher potency than Ganirelix and Teverelix, whose inhibitory doses fell within the 100 nM-1 µM range in both transfected HEK293 and SH-SY5Y cells in vitro. In transfected SH-SY5Y, Cetrorelix was also significantly more potent than other antagonists in reducing GnRH-mediated cAMP accumulation. All antagonists inhibited pERK1/2 and pCREB activation at similar doses, in LβT2 and transfected HEK293 cells treated with 100 nM GnRH. Although immunostainings suggested that Teverelix could be less effective than Cetrorelix and Ganirelix in inhibiting 1 µM GnRH-induced β-catenin activation, Lhb gene expression increase occurring upon LβT2 cell treatment by 1 µM GnRH was similarly inhibited by all antagonists. To conclude, this study has demonstrated Cetrorelix-, Ganirelix- and Teverelix-specific biased effects at the intracellular level, not affecting the efficacy of antagonists in inhibiting Lhb gene transcription.
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7
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Gao H, Xue Y, Cao L, Liu Q, Liu C, Shan X, Wang H, Gu Y, Zhang Y. ESR1 and its antagonist fulvestrant in pituitary adenomas. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 443:32-41. [PMID: 28043824 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen has a key role in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas (PAs). The study was to evaluate the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) level in 289 PAs cases, its association with clinicopathologic features and serving as a target of cancer treatment. In this study, the ESR1 level was evaluated by tissue microarray (TMA). The effect of fulvestrant was determined by an animal model of prolactinoma established by subcutaneous injection of 17β-estradiol in F344 rats. The volume and weight of the pituitary were assessed in the different groups. The effects of fulvestrant on cell proliferation and cell invasion were explored in the pituitary adenoma cell lines GH3 and JT1-1. The ESR1-positive cells rates of 191/289 cases were more than 50%. And ESR1 high level cases (age≥50) were 103/133, and 88/156 in cases (age<50) (X2 = 14.17, p = 0.0001). The average weight of the pituitary gland in F344 rat tumor model induced by 17-β-estradiol was 38.6 ± 11.2 mg, almost 6 times higher than control group (6.2 ± 1.7 mg). Fulvestrant significantly reduced the weight of the pituitary and its inhibition rate was 68.4 ± 8.3%. TUNEL assay and Western blotting showed that fulvestrant induced apoptotic cell death in vivo and in vitro. PTEN/MAPK signaling pathways were activated in response to fulvestrant treatment in GH3 cells. U0126 partly rescued cell viability of GH3 cells after fulvestrant exposure. ESR1 can be a potential target for PAs, especially for elder GHomas and NFPAs. Fulvestrant may be a new choice for the treatment of PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Center of Brain Tumor of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yake Xue
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Center of Brain Tumor of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Center of Brain Tumor of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaosong Shan
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Center of Brain Tumor of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Center of Brain Tumor of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Center of Brain Tumor of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Center of Brain Tumor of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
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Rieanrakwong D, Laoharatchatathanin T, Terashima R, Yonezawa T, Kurusu S, Hasegawa Y, Kawaminami M. Prolactin Suppression of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Initiation of Mammary Gland Involution in Female Rats. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2750-8. [PMID: 27175971 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that mammary gland involution after lactation is initiated by accumulation of milk in alveoli after weaning. Here, we report that involution is also dependent on mammary GnRH expression that is suppressed by PRL during lactation. Reduction of plasma prolactin (PRL) by the withdrawal of suckling stimuli increased GnRH and annexin A5 (ANXA5) expression in the mammary tissues after lactation with augmentation of epithelial apoptosis. Intramammary injection of a GnRH antagonist suppressed ANXA5 expression and apoptosis of epithelial cells after forcible weaning at midlactation, whereas local administration of GnRH agonist (GnRHa) caused apoptosis of epithelial cells with ANXA5 augmentation in lactating rats. The latter treatment also decreased mammary weight, milk production, and casein accumulation. Mammary mast cells were strongly immunopositive for GnRH and the number increased in the mammary tissues after weaning. GnRHa was shown to be a chemoattractant for mast cells by mammary local administration of GnRHa and Boyden chamber assay. PRL suppressed the mammary expression of both ANXA5 and GnRH mRNA. It also decreased mast cell numbers in the gland after lactation. These results are the first to demonstrate that GnRH, synthesized locally in the mammary tissues, is required for mammary involution after lactation. GnRH is also suggested to introduce mast cells into the regressing mammary gland and would be in favor of tissue remodeling. The suppression of these processes by PRL is a novel physiological function of PRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangjai Rieanrakwong
- Laboratories of Veterinary Physiology (D.R., T.L., R.T., T.Y., S.K., M.K.) and Experimental Animal Science (Y.H.), School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (T.Y.), Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (D.R., T.L.), Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Titaree Laoharatchatathanin
- Laboratories of Veterinary Physiology (D.R., T.L., R.T., T.Y., S.K., M.K.) and Experimental Animal Science (Y.H.), School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (T.Y.), Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (D.R., T.L.), Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Ryota Terashima
- Laboratories of Veterinary Physiology (D.R., T.L., R.T., T.Y., S.K., M.K.) and Experimental Animal Science (Y.H.), School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (T.Y.), Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (D.R., T.L.), Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Laboratories of Veterinary Physiology (D.R., T.L., R.T., T.Y., S.K., M.K.) and Experimental Animal Science (Y.H.), School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (T.Y.), Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (D.R., T.L.), Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Shiro Kurusu
- Laboratories of Veterinary Physiology (D.R., T.L., R.T., T.Y., S.K., M.K.) and Experimental Animal Science (Y.H.), School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (T.Y.), Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (D.R., T.L.), Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Yoshihisa Hasegawa
- Laboratories of Veterinary Physiology (D.R., T.L., R.T., T.Y., S.K., M.K.) and Experimental Animal Science (Y.H.), School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (T.Y.), Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (D.R., T.L.), Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Mitsumori Kawaminami
- Laboratories of Veterinary Physiology (D.R., T.L., R.T., T.Y., S.K., M.K.) and Experimental Animal Science (Y.H.), School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (T.Y.), Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (D.R., T.L.), Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
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9
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Terashima R, Laoharatchatathanin T, Kurusu S, Kawaminami M. Augmentation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor expression in the post-lactational mammary tissues of rats. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:495-499. [PMID: 27349532 PMCID: PMC5081737 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a neurohormone of the hypothalamus controlling pituitary gonadotropin secretion and hence gametogenesis. While it has also been believed that GnRH is synthesized and functions in various peripheral tissues, the expression of GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) in peripheral tissues is not well-described. We previously found that annexin A5, which is increased in the pituitary gonadotropes by GnRH, is dramatically increased in rat mammary epithelial cells after weaning, suggesting that local GnRH is responsible for this increase. Annexin A5 is a member of the annexin family of proteins and is thought to be involved in various regulatory mechanisms, including apoptosis. In the present study, we examined GnRH-R expression in the mammary tissues after weaning. Although GnRH-R mRNA was not detected in the mammary tissues during lactation, it was dramatically increased after weaning. Forced weaning at mid-lactation (day 10) also promoted the expression of GnRH-R transcripts in mammary tissues within 2 days. Furthermore, western blotting analysis with anti-GnRH-R showed that the expression of an immuno-positive 60-kDa protein, whose size was equivalent to that of rat GnRH-R, was confirmed to increase after weaning. These findings clarified the induction of GnRH-R in the mammary tissues after weaning and suggest that GnRH is involved in the involution and tissue remodeling of post-lactating rat mammary tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Terashima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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10
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Yonezawa T, Watanabe A, Kurusu S, Kawaminami M. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is prerequisite for the constitutive expression of pituitary annexin A5. Endocr J 2015; 62:1127-32. [PMID: 26440525 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej15-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A5 (ANXA5), a member of the structurally related family of annexin proteins, is expressed in pituitary gonadotropes. We previously reported that ANXA5 expression is stimulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). In the present study, we investigated ANXA5 expression in the anterior pituitary gland of GnRH-deficient mutant hypogonadal (hpg) mice. RT-PCR demonstrated that luteinizing hormone β subunit (LHβ) and ANXA5 mRNA levels were both lower in the pituitary gland of hpg mice than in wild-type mice. Immunohistochemistry showed that ANXA5 expression throughout the pituitary gland was very low in hpg mice, suggesting that ANXA5 is diminished in gonadotropes and also in other cell types. Subcutaneous administration of a GnRH analogue, des-gly10 (Pro9)-GnRH ethylamide (1 μg/day for 7 days), augmented the expression of LHβ and ANXA5 in the pituitary gland in hpg mice. However, LHβ- and ANXA5-positive cells did not show exactly matched spatial distributions. These findings suggest that GnRH is necessary for constitutive ANXA5 expression in the pituitary gland, not only in gonadotropes but also in other pituitary gland cell types. A close relationship between ANXA5 and LHβ expression was confirmed. It is suggested that a significant role of ANXA5 in the physiologic secretion of LH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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Homer1 alternative splicing is regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone and modulates gonadotropin gene expression. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:1747-56. [PMID: 24591653 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01401-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays a critical role in reproductive physiology by regulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) gene expression in the pituitary. Analysis of gonadotrope deep-sequencing data identified a global regulation of pre-mRNA splicing by GnRH. Homer1, a gene encoding a postsynaptic density scaffolding protein, was selected for further study. Homer1 expresses a short splice form, Homer1a, and more-abundant long transcripts Homer1b/c. GnRH induced a modest increase in Homer1b/c expression and a dramatic increase in the Homer1a splice form. G protein knockdown studies suggested that the Homer1 induction, but not the regulated splicing, was Gαq/11 dependent. Phosphorylation of the splicing regulator SRp20 was found to be induced by GnRH. SRp20 depletion attenuated the GnRH-induced increase in the Homer1a-to-Homer1b/c ratio and modulated the effects of GnRH on FSHβ and LHβ expression. Homer1 gene knockdown resulted in increased GnRH-induced FSHβ and LHβ transcript levels. Furthermore, splice-form-specific reduction of Homer1b/c increased both FSHβ and LHβ mRNA induction, whereas reduction of Homer1a had the opposite effect on FSHβ induction. These results indicate that the regulation of Homer1 splicing by GnRH contributes to gonadotropin gene control.
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Benz N, Le Hir S, Norez C, Kerbiriou M, Calvez ML, Becq F, Trouvé P, Férec C. Improvement of chloride transport defect by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88964. [PMID: 24586461 PMCID: PMC3929654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common autosomal recessive disease in Caucasians, is due to mutations in the CFTR gene. F508del, the most frequent mutation in patients, impairs CFTR protein folding and biosynthesis. The F508del-CFTR protein is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its traffic to the plasma membrane is altered. Nevertheless, if it reaches the cell surface, it exhibits a Cl− channel function despite a short half-life. Pharmacological treatments may target the F508del-CFTR defect directly by binding to the mutant protein or indirectly by altering cellular proteostasis, and promote its plasma membrane targeting and stability. We previously showed that annexine A5 (AnxA5) directly binds to F508del-CFTR and, when overexpressed, promotes its membrane stability, leading to the restoration of some Cl− channel function in cells. Because Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) increases AnxA5 expression in some cells, we tested it in CF cells. We showed that human epithelial cells express GnRH-receptors (GnRH-R) and that GnRH induces an AnxA5 overexpression and an increased Cl− channel function in F508del-CFTR cells, due to an increased stability of the protein in the membranes. Beside the numerous physiological implications of the GnRH-R expression in epithelial cells, we propose that a topical use of GnRH is a potential treatment in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Benz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1078, Brest, France
- Association Gaetan Saleun, Brest, France
| | - Sophie Le Hir
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1078, Brest, France
- C.H.U. Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Caroline Norez
- Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre national de la recherche scientifique FRE 3511, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Mathieu Kerbiriou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1078, Brest, France
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des sciences de la santé, Brest, France
| | - Marie-Laure Calvez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1078, Brest, France
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des sciences de la santé, Brest, France
| | - Frédéric Becq
- Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre national de la recherche scientifique FRE 3511, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Pascal Trouvé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1078, Brest, France
- * E-mail: (PT); (CF)
| | - Claude Férec
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1078, Brest, France
- C.H.U. Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des sciences de la santé, Brest, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang - Bretagne, Brest, France
- * E-mail: (PT); (CF)
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