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Tanaka W, Yamauchi T, Tsuda K. Genetic basis controlling rice plant architecture and its modification for breeding. BREEDING SCIENCE 2023; 73:3-45. [PMID: 37168811 PMCID: PMC10165344 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The shoot and root system architectures are fundamental for crop productivity. During the history of artificial selection of domestication and post-domestication breeding, the architecture of rice has significantly changed from its wild ancestor to fulfil requirements in agriculture. We review the recent studies on developmental biology in rice by focusing on components determining rice plant architecture; shoot meristems, leaves, tillers, stems, inflorescences and roots. We also highlight natural variations that affected these structures and were utilized in cultivars. Importantly, many core regulators identified from developmental mutants have been utilized in breeding as weak alleles moderately affecting these architectures. Given a surge of functional genomics and genome editing, the genetic mechanisms underlying the rice plant architecture discussed here will provide a theoretical basis to push breeding further forward not only in rice but also in other crops and their wild relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Tanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takaki Yamauchi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Tsuda
- National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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Ohyama A, Tominaga R, Toriba T, Tanaka W. D-type cyclin OsCYCD3;1 is involved in the maintenance of meristem activity to regulate branch formation in rice. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 270:153634. [PMID: 35144141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
D-type cyclins (CYCDs) are involved in a wide range of biological processes, as one of the major regulators of cell cycle activity. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), three members of CYCD3 subgroup genes play important roles in plant development such as leaf development and branch formation. In rice (Oryza sativa), there is only one gene (OsCYCD3;1) belonging to the CYCD3 subgroup; its function is unknown. In this study, in order to elucidate the function of OsCYCD3;1, we generated knockout mutants of the gene and conducted developmental analysis. The knockout mutants showed a significantly reduced number of branches compared with a wild type, suggesting that OsCYCD3;1 promotes branch formation. Histological analysis showed that the activities of the axillary meristem and the shoot apical meristem (SAM) were compromised in these mutant plants. Our results suggest that OsCYCD3;1 promotes branch formation, probably by regulating cell division to maintain the activities of the axillary meristem and the SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Ohyama
- School of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Rumi Tominaga
- School of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Taiyo Toriba
- School of Food Industrial Sciences, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatatate, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-0215, Japan.
| | - Wakana Tanaka
- School of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan.
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Sato M, Akashi H, Sakamoto Y, Matsunaga S, Tsuji H. Whole-Tissue Three-Dimensional Imaging of Rice at Single-Cell Resolution. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:40. [PMID: 35008463 PMCID: PMC8744978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) arrangement of cells in tissues provides an anatomical basis for analyzing physiological and biochemical aspects of plant and animal cellular development and function. In this study, we established a protocol for tissue clearing and 3D imaging in rice. Our protocol is based on three improvements: clearing with iTOMEI (clearing solution suitable for plants), developing microscopic conditions in which the Z step is optimized for 3D reconstruction, and optimizing cell-wall staining. Our protocol successfully 3D imaged rice shoot apical meristems, florets, and root apical meristems at cellular resolution throughout whole tissues. Using fluorescent reporters of auxin signaling in rice root tips, we also revealed the 3D distribution of auxin signaling events that are activated in the columella, quiescent center, and multiple rows of cells in the stele of the root apical meristem. Examination of cells with higher levels of auxin signaling revealed that only the central row of cells was connected to the quiescent center. Our method provides opportunities to observe the 3D arrangement of cells in rice tissues.
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Grants
- 19J21998 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- 16H06464 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 16H06466 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 16H02532 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JPMJCR16O4 Japan Science and Technology Agency
- 21H04728 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeko Sato
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka 641-12, Totsuka, Yokohama 244-0813, Kanagawa, Japan; (M.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Hiroko Akashi
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka 641-12, Totsuka, Yokohama 244-0813, Kanagawa, Japan; (M.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- Imaging Frontier Center, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.M.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-cho 1-1, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Imaging Frontier Center, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.M.)
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8562, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuji
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka 641-12, Totsuka, Yokohama 244-0813, Kanagawa, Japan; (M.S.); (H.A.)
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Tanaka W, Ohmori S, Kawakami N, Hirano HY. Flower meristem maintenance by TILLERS ABSENT 1 is essential for ovule development in rice. Development 2021; 148:273695. [PMID: 34918053 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant development depends on the activity of pluripotent stem cells in meristems, such as the shoot apical meristem and the flower meristem. In Arabidopsis thaliana, WUSCHEL (WUS) is essential for stem cell homeostasis in meristems and integument differentiation in ovule development. In rice (Oryza sativa), the WUS ortholog TILLERS ABSENT 1 (TAB1) promotes stem cell fate in axillary meristem development, but its function is unrelated to shoot apical meristem maintenance in vegetative development. In this study, we examined the role of TAB1 in flower development. The ovule, which originates directly from the flower meristem, failed to differentiate in tab1 mutants, suggesting that TAB1 is required for ovule formation. Expression of a stem cell marker was completely absent in the flower meristem at the ovule initiation stage, indicating that TAB1 is essential for stem cell maintenance in the 'final' flower meristem. The ovule defect in tab1 was partially rescued by floral organ number 2 mutation, which causes overproliferation of stem cells. Collectively, it is likely that TAB1 promotes ovule formation by maintaining stem cells at a later stage of flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Tanaka
- Program of Food and AgriLife Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Suzuha Ohmori
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Higashimita 1-1-1, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Naoto Kawakami
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Higashimita 1-1-1, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hiro-Yuki Hirano
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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Yoshida A, Taoka KI, Hosaka A, Tanaka K, Kobayashi H, Muranaka T, Toyooka K, Oyama T, Tsuji H. Characterization of Frond and Flower Development and Identification of FT and FD Genes From Duckweed Lemna aequinoctialis Nd. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:697206. [PMID: 34707626 PMCID: PMC8542802 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.697206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Duckweeds (Araceae: Lemnoideae) are aquatic monocotyledonous plants that are characterized by their small size, rapid growth, and wide distribution. Developmental processes regulating the formation of their small leaf-like structures, called fronds, and tiny flowers are not well characterized. In many plant species, flowering is promoted by the florigen activation complex, whose major components are florigen FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein and transcription factor FD protein. How this complex is regulated at the molecular level during duckweed flowering is also not well understood. In this study, we characterized the course of developmental changes during frond development and flower formation in Lemna aequinoctialis Nd, a short-day plant. Detailed observations of frond and flower development revealed that cell proliferation in the early stages of frond development is active as can be seen in the separate regions corresponding to two budding pouches in the proximal region of the mother frond. L. aequinoctialis produces two stamens of different lengths with the longer stamen growing more rapidly. Using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and de novo assembly of transcripts from plants induced to flower, we identified the L. aequinoctialis FT and FD genes, whose products in other angiosperms form a transcriptional complex to promote flowering. We characterized the protein-protein interaction of duckweed FT and FD in yeast and examined the functions of the two gene products by overexpression in Arabidopsis. We found that L. aequinoctialis FTL1 promotes flowering, whereas FTL2 suppresses flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Yoshida
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Taoka
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aoi Hosaka
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisato Kobayashi
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Embryology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Kiminori Toyooka
- Technology Platform Division, Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tokitaka Oyama
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuji
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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Tanaka W, Hirano HY. The Roles of Two FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER Genes, FON1 and FON2, Differ in Axillary Meristem Development. CYTOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.85.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Tanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiro-Yuki Hirano
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo
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