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Jaksik R, Szumała K, Dinh KN, Śmieja J. Multiomics-Based Feature Extraction and Selection for the Prediction of Lung Cancer Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3661. [PMID: 38612473 PMCID: PMC11011391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a global health challenge, hindered by delayed diagnosis and the disease's complex molecular landscape. Accurate patient survival prediction is critical, motivating the exploration of various -omics datasets using machine learning methods. Leveraging multi-omics data, this study seeks to enhance the accuracy of survival prediction by proposing new feature extraction techniques combined with unbiased feature selection. Two lung adenocarcinoma multi-omics datasets, originating from the TCGA and CPTAC-3 projects, were employed for this purpose, emphasizing gene expression, methylation, and mutations as the most relevant data sources that provide features for the survival prediction models. Additionally, gene set aggregation was shown to be the most effective feature extraction method for mutation and copy number variation data. Using the TCGA dataset, we identified 32 molecular features that allowed the construction of a 2-year survival prediction model with an AUC of 0.839. The selected features were additionally tested on an independent CPTAC-3 dataset, achieving an AUC of 0.815 in nested cross-validation, which confirmed the robustness of the identified features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Jaksik
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Kamila Szumała
- Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Khanh Ngoc Dinh
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics and Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Jarosław Śmieja
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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A tumor microenvironment-related mRNA-ncRNA signature for prediction early relapse and chemotherapeutic sensitivity in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:3195-3209. [PMID: 34291356 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postoperative early relapse of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma is implicated in poor prognosis. The purpose of our study was to develop an integrated mRNA and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) signature to identify patients at high risk of early relapse in stage I-II lung adenocarcinoma who underwent complete resection. METHODS Early-stage lung adenocarcinoma data from Gene Expression Omnibus database were divided into training set and testing set. Propensity score matching analysis was performed between patients in early relapse group and long-term nonrelapse group from training set. Transcriptome analysis, random survival forest and LASSO Cox regression model were used to build an early relapse-related multigene signature. The robustness of the signature was evaluated in testing set and RNA-Seq dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The chemotherapy sensitivity, tumor microenvironment and mutation landscape related to the signature were explored using bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS Twelve mRNAs and one ncRNA were selected. The multigene signature achieved a strong power for early relapse prediction in training set (HR 3.19, 95% CI 2.16-4.72, P < 0.001) and testing set (HR 2.91, 95% CI 1.63-5.20, P = 0.002). Decision curve analyses revealed that the signature had a good clinical usefulness. Groups divided by the signature exhibited different chemotherapy sensitivity, tumor microenvironment characteristics and mutation landscapes. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that the integrated mRNA-ncRNA signature may be an innovative biomarker to predict early relapse of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, and may provide more effective treatment strategies.
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Xie W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xiang Y, Wu N, Wu L, Li C, Cai T, Ma X, Yu Z, Bai L, Li Y. Single-nucleotide polymorphism rs4142441 and MYC co-modulated long non-coding RNA OSER1-AS1 suppresses non-small cell lung cancer by sequestering ELAVL1. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2272-2286. [PMID: 33113263 PMCID: PMC8177763 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been involved in the process of lung cancer. Following clues given by lung cancer risk‐associated SNP, we aimed to find novel functional lncRNAs as candidate targets in lung cancer. We identified a lncRNA Oxidative Stress Responsive Serine Rich 1 Antisense RNA 1 (OSER1‐AS1) through a lung cancer risk‐associated SNP rs4142441. OSER1‐AS1 was down‐regulated in tumor tissue and its low expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival among non‐smokers in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies showed that OSER1‐AS1 acted as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting lung cancer cell growth, migration and invasion in vitro. Xenograft tumor assays and a metastasis mouse model confirmed that OSER1‐AS1 suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. The promoter of OSER1‐AS1 was repressed by MYC, and the 3′‐end of OSER1‐AS1 was competitively targeted by microRNA hsa‐miR‐17‐5p and RNA‐binding protein ELAVL1. Our results indicated that OSER1‐AS1 exerted tumor‐suppressive functions by acting as an ELAVL1 decoy to keep it away from its target mRNAs. Our findings characterized OSER1‐AS1 as a new tumor‐suppressive lncRNA in NSCLC, suggesting that OSER1‐AS1 may be suitable as a potential biomarker for prognosis, and a potential target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Youhao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chengying Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tongjian Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zubin Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Li Bai
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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4
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Dai J, Lv J, Zhu M, Wang Y, Qin N, Ma H, He YQ, Zhang R, Tan W, Fan J, Wang T, Zheng H, Sun Q, Wang L, Huang M, Ge Z, Yu C, Guo Y, Wang TM, Wang J, Xu L, Wu W, Chen L, Bian Z, Walters R, Millwood I, Li XZ, Wang X, Hung RJ, Chen H, Wang M, Wang C, Jiang Y, Chen K, Chen Z, Jin G, Wu T, Lin D, Hu Z, Amos CI, Wu C, Wei Q, Jia WH, Li L, Shen H, Shen H. Identification of risk loci and a polygenic risk score for lung cancer: a large-scale prospective cohort study in Chinese populations. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2019; 7:881-891. [PMID: 31326317 PMCID: PMC7015703 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(19)30144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation has an important role in the development of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, genetic factors for lung cancer have not been fully identified, especially in Chinese populations, which limits the use of existing polygenic risk scores (PRS) to identify subpopulations at high risk of lung cancer for prevention. We therefore aimed to identify novel loci associated with NSCLC risk, and generate a PRS and evaluate its utility and effectiveness in the prediction of lung cancer risk in Chinese populations. METHODS To systematically identify genetic variants for NSCLC risk, we newly genotyped 19 546 samples from Chinese NSCLC cases and controls from the Nanjing Medical University Global Screening Array Project and did a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of 27 120 individuals with NSCLC and 27 355 without NSCLC (13 327 cases and 13 328 controls of Chinese descent as well as 13 793 cases and 14 027 controls of European descent). We then built a PRS for Chinese populations from all reported single-nucleotide polymorphisms that have been reported to be associated with lung cancer risk at genome-wide significance level. We evaluated the utility and effectiveness of the generated PRS in predicting subpopulations at high-risk of lung cancer in an independent prospective cohort of 95 408 individuals from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) with more than 10 years' follow-up. FINDINGS We identified 19 susceptibility loci to be significantly associated with NSCLC risk at p≤5·0 × 10-8, including six novel loci. When applied to the CKB cohort, the PRS of the risk loci successfully predicted lung cancer incident cases in a dose-response manner in participants at a high genetic risk (top 10%) than those at a low genetic risk (bottom 10%; adjusted hazard ratio 1·96, 95% CI 1·53-2·51; ptrend=2·02 × 10-9). Specially, we observed consistently separated curves of lung cancer events in individuals at low, intermediate, and high genetic risk, respectively, and PRS was an independent effective risk stratification indicator beyond age and smoking pack-years. INTERPRETATION We have shown for the first time that GWAS-derived PRS can be effectively used in discriminating subpopulations at high risk of lung cancer, who might benefit from a practically feasible PRS-based lung cancer screening programme for precision prevention in Chinese populations. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Priority Academic Program for the Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, National Key R&D Program of China, Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu, and China's Thousand Talents Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoxin Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Tan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianpei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingtao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijun Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Robin Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xi-Zhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rayjean J. Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Haiquan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Correspondence to: Hongbing Shen, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 21116, China, Phone: 86-25-86868439, ; or Liming Li, ; or Wei-Hua Jia, ; or Qingyi Wei, ; or Christopher I. Amos, ; or Chen Wu, ; or Zhibin Hu,
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Baylor College of Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Houston, Texas, United States of America,Correspondence to: Hongbing Shen, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 21116, China, Phone: 86-25-86868439, ; or Liming Li, ; or Wei-Hua Jia, ; or Qingyi Wei, ; or Christopher I. Amos, ; or Chen Wu, ; or Zhibin Hu,
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Correspondence to: Hongbing Shen, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 21116, China, Phone: 86-25-86868439, ; or Liming Li, ; or Wei-Hua Jia, ; or Qingyi Wei, ; or Christopher I. Amos, ; or Chen Wu, ; or Zhibin Hu,
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America,Correspondence to: Hongbing Shen, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 21116, China, Phone: 86-25-86868439, ; or Liming Li, ; or Wei-Hua Jia, ; or Qingyi Wei, ; or Christopher I. Amos, ; or Chen Wu, ; or Zhibin Hu,
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China,Correspondence to: Hongbing Shen, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 21116, China, Phone: 86-25-86868439, ; or Liming Li, ; or Wei-Hua Jia, ; or Qingyi Wei, ; or Christopher I. Amos, ; or Chen Wu, ; or Zhibin Hu,
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China,Correspondence to: Hongbing Shen, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 21116, China, Phone: 86-25-86868439, ; or Liming Li, ; or Wei-Hua Jia, ; or Qingyi Wei, ; or Christopher I. Amos, ; or Chen Wu, ; or Zhibin Hu,
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Hill T, Conolly RB. Development of a Novel AOP for Cyp2F2-Mediated Lung Cancer in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:1-10. [PMID: 31407013 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Traditional methods for carcinogenicity testing rely heavily on the rodent bioassay as the standard for identification of tumorigenic risk. As such, identification of species-specific outcomes and/or metabolism are a frequent argument for regulatory exemption. One example is the association of tumor formation in the mouse lung after exposure to Cyp2F2 ligands. The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework offers a theoretical platform to address issues of species specificity that is consistent, transparent, and capable of integrating data from new approach methodologies as well as traditional data streams. A central premise of the AOP concept is that pathway progression from the molecular initiating event (MIE) implies a definable “response-response” (R-R) relationship between each key event (KE) that drives the pathway towards a specific adverse outcome (AO). This article describes an AOP for lung cancer in the mouse from an MIE of Cyp2F2-specific reactive metabolite formation, advancing through KE that include protein and/or nucleic acid adducts, diminished Club Cell 10 kDa (CC10) protein expression, hyperplasia of CC10 deficient Club cells, and culminating in the AO of mixed-cell tumor formation in the distal airways. This tumor formation is independent of route of exposure and our AOP construct is based on overlapping mechanistic events for naphthalene, styrene, ethyl benzene, isoniazid, and fluensulfone in the mouse. This AOP is intended to accelerate the explication of an apparent mouse-specific outcome and serve as a starting point for a quantitative analysis of mouse-human differences in susceptibility to the tumorigenic effects of Cyp2F2 ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hill
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow at the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Rory B Conolly
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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Zuo S, Wei M, Zhang H, Chen A, Wu J, Wei J, Dong J. A robust six-gene prognostic signature for prediction of both disease-free and overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer. J Transl Med 2019; 17:152. [PMID: 31088477 PMCID: PMC6515678 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The high mortality of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) emphasizes the necessity of identifying a robust and reliable prognostic signature for NSCLC patients. This study aimed to identify and validate a prognostic signature for the prediction of both disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of NSCLC patients by integrating multiple datasets. Methods We firstly downloaded three independent datasets under the accessing number of GSE31210, GSE37745 and GSE50081, and then performed an univariate regression analysis to identify the candidate prognostic genes from each dataset, and identified the gene signature by overlapping the candidates. Then, we built a prognostic model to predict DFS and OS using a risk score method. Kaplan–Meier curve with log-rank test was used to determine the prognostic significance. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were implemented to evaluate the influences of various variables on DFS and OS. The robustness of the prognostic gene signature was evaluated by re-sampling tests based on the combined GEO dataset (GSE31210, GSE37745 and GSE50081). Furthermore, a The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-NSCLC cohort was utilized to validate the prediction power of the gene signature. Finally, the correlation of the risk score of the gene signature and the Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) score of cancer hallmark gene sets was investigated. Results We identified and validated a six-gene prognostic signature in this study. This prognostic signature stratified NSCLC patients into the low-risk and high-risk groups. Multivariate regression and stratification analyses demonstrated that the six-gene signature was an independent predictive factor for both DFS and OS when adjusting for other clinical factors. Re-sampling analysis implicated that this six-gene signature for predicting prognosis of NSCLC patients is robust. Moreover, the risk score of the gene signature is correlated with the GSVA score of 7 cancer hallmark gene sets. Conclusion This study provided a robust and reliable gene signature that had significant implications in the prediction of both DFS and OS of NSCLC patients, and may provide more effective treatment strategies and personalized therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1899-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Zuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Center for Translational Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan Province, China
| | - Min Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Anxian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Junhua Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jiwu Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China. .,Nanjing University Hightech Institute at Suzhou, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Jie Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Feliciano A, Garcia-Mayea Y, Jubierre L, Mir C, Hummel M, Castellvi J, Hernández-Losa J, Paciucci R, Sansano I, Sun Y, Ramón Y Cajal S, Kondon H, Soriano A, Segura M, Lyakhovich A, LLeonart ME. miR-99a reveals two novel oncogenic proteins E2F2 and EMR2 and represses stemness in lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3141. [PMID: 29072692 PMCID: PMC5680913 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most aggressive tumours with very low life expectancy. Altered microRNA expression is found in human tumours because it is involved in tumour growth, progression and metastasis. In this study, we analysed microRNA expression in 47 lung cancer biopsies. Among the most downregulated microRNAs we focussed on the miR-99a characterisation. In vitro experiments showed that miR-99a expression decreases the proliferation of H1650, H1975 and H1299 lung cancer cells causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We identified two novel proteins, E2F2 (E2F transcription factor 2) and EMR2 (EGF-like module-containing, mucin-like, hormone receptor-like 2), downregulated by miR-99a by its direct binding to their 3′-UTR. Moreover, miR-99a expression prevented cancer cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and repressed the tumourigenic potential of the cancer stem cell (CSC) population in both these cell lines and mice tumours originated from H1975 cells. The expression of E2F2 and EMR2 at protein level was studied in 119 lung cancer biopsies. E2F2 and EMR2 are preferentially expressed in adenocarcinomas subtypes versus other tumour types (squamous and others). Interestingly, the expression of E2F2 correlates with the presence of vimentin and both E2F2 and EMR2 correlate with the presence of β-catenin. Moreover, miR-99a expression correlates inversely with E2F2 and directly with β-catenin expression in lung cancer biopsies. In conclusion, miR-99a reveals two novel targets E2F2 and EMR2 that play a key role in lung tumourigenesis. By inhibiting E2F2 and EMR2, miR-99a represses in vivo the transition of epithelial cells through an EMT process concomitantly with the inhibition of stemness features and consequently decreasing the CSC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Feliciano
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoelsis Garcia-Mayea
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luz Jubierre
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mir
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuela Hummel
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Core Facilities - Microarray Unit, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Castellvi
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Hernández-Losa
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosanna Paciucci
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Sansano
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yilin Sun
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Kondon
- Geriatric Unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Aroa Soriano
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Segura
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde E LLeonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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He P, Wu W, Yang K, Tan D, Tang M, Liu H, Wu T, Zhang S, Wang H. Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 5 Increases Lung Cancer Cell Tumorigenesis via MMP-2 and Cyclin D1 Upregulation. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1671-9. [PMID: 25777963 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping He
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deli Tan
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongxiang Liu
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shixin Zhang
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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9
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Mehta RS, Liman AD, Passero VA, Liman AK. Lung cancer with gastrointestinal metastasis - review of theories of metastasis with three rare case descriptions. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2013; 6:203-11. [PMID: 23963996 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-013-0135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 1 in 14 men and women during their lifetime will be diagnosed with lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. As of January 1, 2008, there were about 373,500 men and women living with lung cancer in the United States. Fewer than 60,000 of these are estimated to be alive by January 2013, reflecting a poor overall 5-year relative survival rate of under 16 %. With metastatic cancer, the overall 5-year survival is meager 4 %. On the other hand, the overall five-year survival is over 50 % when the cancer is still in the localized stage. However, unfortunately, more than half of cases of lung cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage Howlader et al. (2010). Cancer metastasis, the single most critical prognostic factor, is still poorly understood and a highly complex phenomenon. The most common sites of lung cancer metastasis are the lymph nodes, liver, adrenals, brain and bones. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is an exceptionally rare site of metastasis; with only a handful of cases reported in the literature Centeno et al. (Lung Cancer, 18: 101-105, 1997); Hirasaki et al. (World J Gastroenterol, 14: 5481-5483, 2008); Carr and Boulos (Br J Surg, 83: 647, 1996); Otera et al. (Eur Respir Rev, 19: 248-252, 2010); Antler et al. (Cancer, 49: 170-172, 1982); Fujiwara et al. (Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 59: 748-752, 2011); Stinchcombe et al. (J Clin Oncol, 24: 4939-4940, 2006); John et al. (J Postgrad Med, 48: 199-200, 2002); Carroll and Rajesh (Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 19: 719-720, 2001); Brown et al. (Dis Colon Rectum, 23: 343-345, 1980). We report three cases of non-small cell (squamous cell) lung cancer with GI tract metastasis-two in the colon and one in the jejunum. Then we present a review of literature exploring various theories of metastasis, as an attempt to understand the reason of preferential tumor metastasis.
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10
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Zheng CX, Gu ZH, Han B, Zhang RX, Pan CM, Xiang Y, Rong XJ, Chen X, Li QY, Wan HY. Whole-exome sequencing to identify novel somatic mutations in squamous cell lung cancers. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:755-64. [PMID: 23799614 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell lung cancer is a major histotype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is distinct from lung adenocarcinoma. We used whole-exome sequencing to identify novel non-synonymous somatic mutations in squamous cell lung cancer. We identified 101 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) including 77 non-synonymous SNVs (67 missense and 10 nonsense mutations) and 11 INDELs causing frameshifts. We also found four SNVs located within splicing sites. We verified 62 of the SNVs (51 missense, 10 nonsense and 1 splicing-site mutation) and 10 of the INDELs as somatic mutations in lung cancer tissue. Sixteen of the mutated genes were also mutated in at least one patient with a different type of lung cancer in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutation in Cancer (COSMIC) database. Four genes (LPHN2, TP53, MYH2 and TGM2) were mutated in approximately 10% of the samples in the COSMIC database. We identified two missense mutations in C10orf137 and MS4A3 that also occurred in other solid-tumor tissues in the COSMIC database. We found another somatic mutation in EP300 that was mutated in 4.2% of the 2,020 solid-tumor samples in the COSMIC database. Taken together, our results implicate TP53, EP300, LPHN2, C10orf137, MYH2, TGM2 and MS4A3 as potential driver genes of squamous cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Xia Zheng
- Department of Respiration, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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11
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Wang H, Mattes WB, Richter P, Mendrick DL. An omics strategy for discovering pulmonary biomarkers potentially relevant to the evaluation of tobacco products. Biomark Med 2013; 6:849-60. [PMID: 23227851 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.12.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is known to cause serious lung diseases including chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive lung disease, obstruction of small airways, emphysema and cancer. Tobacco smoke is a complex chemical aerosol containing at least 8000 chemical constituents, either tobacco derived or added by tobacco product manufacturers. Identification of all of the toxic agents in tobacco smoke is challenging, and efforts to understand the mechanisms by which tobacco use causes disease will be informed by new biomarkers of exposure and harm. In 2009, President Obama signed into law the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act granting the US FDA the authority to regulate tobacco products to protect public health. This perspective article presents the background, rationale and strategy for using omics technologies to develop new biomarkers, which may be of interest to the FDA when implementing the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Wang
- Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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12
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Li Y, Tang H, Sun Z, Bungum AO, Edell ES, Lingle WL, Stoddard SM, Zhang M, Jen J, Yang P, Wang L. Network-based approach identified cell cycle genes as predictor of overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Lung Cancer 2013; 80:91-8. [PMID: 23357462 PMCID: PMC3595338 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2012.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of primary lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to delineate gene expression patterns for survival prediction in lung adenocarcinoma. Gene expression profiles of 82 (discovery set) and 442 (validation set 1) lung adenocarcinoma tumor tissues were analyzed using a systems biology-based network approach. We also examined the expression profiles of 78 adjacent normal lung tissues from 82 patients. We found a significant correlation of an expression module with overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio or HR=1.71; 95% CI=1.06-2.74 in discovery set; adjusted HR=1.26; 95% CI=1.08-1.49 in validation set 1). This expression module contained genes enriched in the biological process of the cell cycle. Interestingly, the cell cycle gene module and overall survival association were also significant in normal lung tissues (adjusted HR=1.91; 95% CI, 1.32-2.75). From these survival-related modules, we further defined three hub genes (UBE2C, TPX2, and MELK) whose expression-based risk indices were more strongly associated with poor 5-year survival (HR=3.85, 95% CI=1.34-11.05 in discovery set; HR=1.72, 95% CI=1.21-2.46 in validation set 1; and HR=3.35, 95% CI=1.08-10.04 in normal lung set). The 3-gene prognostic result was further validated using 92 adenocarcinoma tumor samples (validation set 2); patients with a high-risk gene signature have a 1.52-fold increased risk (95% CI, 1.02-2.24) of death than patients with a low-risk gene signature. These results suggest that a network-based approach may facilitate discovery of key genes that are closely linked to survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Zhifu Sun
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Aaron O. Bungum
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Eric S. Edell
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Wilma L. Lingle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Shawn M. Stoddard
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Mingrui Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Winona State University, Winona, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Jin Jen
- Department of Advanced Genomics Technology Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
- Department of Pathology, MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
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Dong QZ, Wang Y, Tang ZP, Fu L, Li QC, Wang ED, Wang EH. Derlin-1 is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer and promotes cancer cell invasion via EGFR-ERK-mediated up-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:954-64. [PMID: 23306155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicated a role of Derlin-1 in human cancers; however, its expression pattern in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the molecular mechanism of Derlin-1 on cancer progression have not been characterized. In the present study, Derlin-1 expression was examined in lung cancer cell lines and human tissues. Derlin-1 overexpression correlated with pTNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor overall survival. siRNA knockdown of Derlin-1 impaired anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent cell growth and invasion in A549 and H1299 cell lines, and its overexpression promoted proliferation and invasion in HBE and LTE cell lines. Derlin-1 depletion decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 at both protein and mRNA levels, with decreased MAP kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/ERK phosphorylation. Derlin-1 overexpression up-regulated MMP-2/9 expression and ERK phosphorylation, which could be reversed by MAP kinase/ERK kinase inhibitor, PD98059. The effect of Derlin-1 on MMP-2/9 up-regulation was abolished in ERK1/2 siRNA-treated cells. Further analysis showed that Derlin-1 overexpression induced EGFR phosphorylation. EGFR inhibitor blocked Derlin-1-mediated up-regulation of EGFR and ERK phosphorylation. MMP-2/9 and p-ERK up-regulation by Derlin-1 was partly blocked in EGFR-depleted cells with siRNA treatment. Immunoprecipitation confirmed the association between Derlin-1 and EGFR. In summary, our results showed that Derlin-1 is overexpressed in NSCLC and promotes invasion by EGFR-ERK-mediated up-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Derlin-1 may serve as a therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-ze Dong
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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14
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Xu Y, Li Y, Pang Y, Ling M, Shen L, Yang X, Zhang J, Zhou J, Wang X, Liu Q. EMT and stem cell-like properties associated with HIF-2α are involved in arsenite-induced transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37765. [PMID: 22662215 PMCID: PMC3360629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic is well-established as a human carcinogen, but the molecular mechanisms leading to arsenic-induced carcinogenesis are complex and elusive. It is not been determined if the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem cell-like properties contribute in causing to carcinogen-induced malignant transformation and subsequent tumor formation. METHODS To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying EMT and the emergence of cancer stem cell-like properties during neoplastic transformation of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells induced by chronic exposure to arsenite. HBE cells were continuously exposed to arsenite. Spheroid formation assays and analyses of side populations (SPs) were performed to confirm that arsenite induces the acquired EMT and cancer stem cell-like phenotype. Treated HBE cells were molecularly characterized by RT-PCR, Western blots, immunofluorescence, Southwestern assays, reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS With chronic exposure to arsenite, HBE cells undergo an EMT and then acquire a malignant cancer stem cell-like phenotype. Twist1 and Bmi1 are involved in arsenite-induced EMT. The process is directly regulated by HIF-2α. The self-renewal genes, Oct4, Bmi1, and ALDH1, are necessary for arsenite-mediated maintenance of stem cells. CONCLUSIONS EMT, regulated by HIF-2α, and the development of a cancer stem cell-like phenotype are associated with arsenite-induced transformation of HBE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Pang
- Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ling
- Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Shen
- Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinru Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Keenan J, Joyce H, Aherne S, O'Dea S, Doolan P, Lynch V, Clynes M. Olfactomedin III expression contributes to anoikis-resistance in clonal variants of a human lung squamous carcinoma cell line. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:593-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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16
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Tong BC, Harpole DH. Molecular Markers for Incidence, Prognosis, and Response to Therapy. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2012; 21:161-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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17
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Mazzone P, Mekhail T. Current and emerging medical treatments for non-small cell lung cancer: a primer for pulmonologists. Respir Med 2011; 106:473-92. [PMID: 22119173 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary physicians commonly develop relationships with lung cancer patients through the evaluation and staging of the disease prior to the discussion of treatment options with oncologists. Given the relationship that develops, a pulmonologist is often asked about aspects of the treatment plan that may be slightly outside of their comfort zone. The aim of this overview of medical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer is to provide the pulmonologist with an overview of the evidence guiding current practice so that they can be more comfortable answering their patients' questions while awaiting the expert opinion of the oncologist. We discuss standard chemotherapeutic agents, their common side effects, and their use in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting, as definitive therapy for locally advanced disease, as palliative therapy for advanced disease, and as maintenance therapy. We also discuss the mechanisms of action and side effects of targeted therapies (including inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR] signaling and the anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ALK] protein), their currently accepted uses, and upcoming phase III trials, the results of which may influence standard practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mazzone
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Mail Code A90, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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18
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Daraselia N, Wang Y, Budoff A, Lituev A, Potapova O, Vansant G, Monforte J, Mazo I, Ossovskaya VS. Molecular signature and pathway analysis of human primary squamous and adenocarcinoma lung cancers. Am J Cancer Res 2011; 2:93-103. [PMID: 22206048 PMCID: PMC3238469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, with a poor response to chemotherapy and low survival rate. This unfavorable treatment response is likely to derive from both late diagnosis and from complex, incompletely understood biology, and heterogeneity among NSCLC subtypes. To define the relative contributions of major cellular pathways to the biogenesis of NSCLC and highlight major differences between NSCLC subtypes, we studied the molecular signatures of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), based on analysis of gene expression and comparison of tumor samples with normal lung tissue. Our results suggest the existence of specific molecular networks and subtype-specific differences between lung ADC and SCC subtypes, mostly found in cell cycle, DNA repair, and metabolic pathways. However, we also observed similarities across major gene interaction networks and pathways in ADC and SCC. These data provide a new insight into the biology of ADC and SCC and can be used to explore novel therapeutic interventions in lung cancer chemoprevention and treatment.
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19
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Hu Y, Galkin AV, Wu C, Reddy V, Su AI. CAFET algorithm reveals Wnt/PCP signature in lung squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25807. [PMID: 22016777 PMCID: PMC3189939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the gene expression patterns of 138 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) samples and developed a new algorithm called Coverage Analysis with Fisher’s Exact Test (CAFET) to identify molecular pathways that are differentially activated in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) subtypes. Analysis of the lung cancer samples demonstrated hierarchical clustering according to the histological subtype and revealed a strong enrichment for the Wnt signaling pathway components in the cluster consisting predominantly of SCC samples. The specific gene expression pattern observed correlated with enhanced activation of the Wnt Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathway and inhibition of the canonical Wnt signaling branch. Further real time RT-PCR follow-up with additional primary tumor samples and lung cancer cell lines confirmed enrichment of Wnt/PCP pathway associated genes in the SCC subtype. Dysregulation of the canonical Wnt pathway, characterized by increased levels of β-catenin and epigenetic silencing of negative regulators, has been reported in adenocarcinoma of the lung. Our results suggest that SCC and AC utilize different branches of the Wnt pathway during oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Anna V. Galkin
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Chunlei Wu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Venkateshwar Reddy
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew I. Su
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Scagliotti GV, Novello S. The role of the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer and other solid tumors. Cancer Treat Rev 2011; 38:292-302. [PMID: 21907495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and its downstream signaling components have become increasingly recognized as having a driving role in the development of malignancy, and consequently IGF-1R has become a potential target for cancer therapy. Several inhibitors of IGF-1R are in clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These IGF-1R-targeted agents include monoclonal antibodies such as cixutumumab (IMC-A12), AMG-479, AVE1642, BIIB022, dalotuzumab (MK-0646), and robatumumab (Sch717454), the ligand neutralizing antibody Medi-573, and the small molecule inhibitors BMS-754807, linsitinib (OSI-906), XL228, and AXL1717. Two phase III trials of the anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody, figitumumab (CP-751,871), were discontinued in 2010 as it was considered unlikely either trial would meet their primary endpoints. In light of disappointing clinical data with figitumumab and other targeted agents, it is likely that the use of molecular markers will become important in predicting response to treatment. This review outlines the role of IGF-1R signaling in solid tumors with a particular focus on NSCLC, and provides an overview of clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio V Scagliotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Thoracic Oncology Unit, University of Turin, S. Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy.
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21
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Mancini R, Giarnieri E, De Vitis C, Malanga D, Roscilli G, Noto A, Marra E, Laudanna C, Zoppoli P, De Luca P, Affuso A, Ruco L, Di Napoli A, Mesiti G, Aurisicchio L, Ricci A, Mariotta S, Pisani L, Andreetti C, Viglietto G, Rendina EA, Giovagnoli MR, Ciliberto G. Spheres derived from lung adenocarcinoma pleural effusions: molecular characterization and tumor engraftment. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21320. [PMID: 21789168 PMCID: PMC3138755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) could represent an excellent source to culture a wide variety of cancer cells from different donors. In this study, we set up culture conditions for cancer cells deriving from MPEs of several patients affected by the most frequent form of lung cancer, namely the subset of non small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) classified as Lung Adenocarcinomas (AdenoCa) which account for approximately 40% of lung cancer cases. AdenoCa malignant pleural effusions gave rise to in vitro cultures both in adherent and/or in spheroid conditions in almost all cases analyzed. We characterized in greater detail two samples which showed the most efficient propagation in vitro. In these samples we also compared gene profiles of spheroid vs adherent cultures and identified a set of differentially expressed genes. Finally we achieved efficient tumor engraftment in recipient NOD/SCID mice, also upon inoculation of small number of cells, thus suggesting indirectly the presence of tumor initiating cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Separation
- Computational Biology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunophenotyping
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant/genetics
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant/pathology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Mancini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza S Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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22
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Tellez CS, Juri DE, Do K, Bernauer AM, Thomas CL, Damiani LA, Tessema M, Leng S, Belinsky SA. EMT and stem cell-like properties associated with miR-205 and miR-200 epigenetic silencing are early manifestations during carcinogen-induced transformation of human lung epithelial cells. Cancer Res 2011; 71:3087-97. [PMID: 21363915 PMCID: PMC3078195 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is strongly associated with cancer progression, but its potential role during premalignant development has not been studied. Here, we show that a 4-week exposure of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) to tobacco carcinogens can induce a persistent, irreversible, and multifaceted dedifferentiation program marked by EMT and the emergence of stem cell-like properties. EMT induction was epigenetically driven, initially by chromatin remodeling through H3K27me3 enrichment and later by ensuing DNA methylation to sustain silencing of tumor-suppressive microRNAs (miRNA), miR-200b, miR-200c, and miR-205, which were implicated in the dedifferentiation program in HBECs and also in primary lung tumors. Carcinogen-treated HBECs acquired stem cell-like features characterized by their ability to form spheroids with branching tubules and enrichment of the CD44(high)/CD24(low), CD133, and ALDH1 stem cell-like markers. miRNA overexpression studies indicated that regulation of the EMT, stem-like, and transformed phenotypes in HBECs were distinct events. Our findings extend present concepts of how EMT participates in cancer pathophysiology by showing that EMT induction can participate in cancer initiation to promote the clonal expansion of premalignant lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen S Tellez
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA
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Oncogenic role of EAPII in lung cancer development and its activation of the MAPK-ERK pathway. Oncogene 2011; 30:3802-12. [PMID: 21478903 PMCID: PMC3220271 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression involves multiple complex and interdependent steps, including progressive proliferation, angiogenesis and metastases. The complexity of these processes requires a comprehensive elucidation of the integrated signaling networks for better understanding. EAPII interacts with multiple cancer-related proteins, but its biological significance in cancer development remains unknown. In this report we identified the elevated level of EAPII protein in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients and NSCLC cell lines in culture. The oncogenic role of EAPII in lung cancer development was demonstrated using NSCLC cells with genetic manipulations that influence EAPII expression: EAPII overexpression increases proliferation of NSCLC cells with an accelerated transition of cell cycle and facilitates xenograft tumor growth in vivo; EAPII knockdown results in apoptosis of NSCLC cells and reduces xenograft tumor formation. To further explore the mechanism of EAPII's oncogenic role in lung cancer development and to elucidate the potential signaling pathway(s) that EAPII may impact, we employed antibody array to investigate the alternation of the major signaling pathways in NSCLC cells with altered EAPII level. We found that EAPII overexpression significantly activated Raf1 and ERK1/2, but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 pathways. Consistently, the protein and mRNA levels of MYC and cyclin D1, which are targets of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK–ERK) pathway, are significantly increased by EAPII overexpression. Taken together, we demonstrated that EAPII is an oncogenic factor and the activation of MAPK–ERK signaling pathway by EAPII may contribute to lung cancer development.
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Bronchial resection margin length and clinical outcome in non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 40:1151-6. [PMID: 21450488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2011.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Complete surgical resection with pathologic negative margin is associated with the best prognosis in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the impact of the length of the bronchial margin remains unknown. This study aimed to determine whether an increased bronchial resection margin length is correlated with an improved disease-free and overall survival rate. METHODS A total of 3936 consecutive pulmonary resections were performed between 25 June 1992 and 31 December 2007 at Mayo Clinic Rochester. A subset consisting of 496 patients with completely resected lesions (R0-resection), and a documented bronchial margin length was analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS There were 340 men (68.5%) and 156 women (31.5%), with a mean age of 65.9±10.6 years. All patients underwent anatomic lobectomy or larger resection. Final pathology confirmed complete resection without microscopic residual tumor (R0-resection) in all patients. Mean length of the bronchial resection margin was 23.3±15.9mm. Overall, 190 patients (38.3%) suffered from disease recurrence with local recurrence in 35 patients, distant recurrence in 101, and both local and distant recurrence in 54 patients. Overall 5-year and 10-year local recurrence-free survival was 72.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 67.3-78.1) and 68.0% (95% CI: 62.1-74.4), distant recurrence free survival 61.0% (95% CI: 55.8-66.6) and 52.9% (95% CI: 46.7-60.1) and overall survival 50.0% (95% CI: 45.1-55.3) and 28.8% (95% CI: 23.8-34.7). Tumor size and N-stage were associated with a worse prognosis in terms of local and distant recurrence, as well as survival (p<0.05). Histology was not significantly associated with local recurrence (p=0.28), though adenocarcinoma relative to squamous cell carcinoma was associated with an increased risk of distant recurrence (p<0.01). There was no significant association between type of surgical resection and local (p=0.37) or distant recurrence (p=0.37). Neither local (p=0.56) or distant recurrence (p=0.46), nor survival (p=0.54) was associated with the bronchial margin length. In multivariate models including age, N-stage, and gender there were no significant overall associations of margin length (≤5, 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, >20mm) and local recurrence (p=0.51), distant recurrence (p=0.33), or survival (p=0.75). CONCLUSIONS When complete surgical resection is achieved, the extent of the bronchial margin has no clinically relevant impact on disease-free and overall survival in NSCLC.
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Reynolds HY. Bronchoalveolar lavage and other methods to define the human respiratory tract milieu in health and disease. Lung 2011; 189:87-99. [PMID: 21350888 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-011-9284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
During fiber-optic bronchoscopy (FOB), surface sampling of the human respiratory airways and alveolar unit can be done with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), plus selective sites can be brushed for cells and transbronchial biopsies made in adjacent tissue. This permits analysis of the respiratory tract's milieu in healthy normals, in those with disease, and in control subjects. These combined procedures have been an established approach for obtaining specimens for research and for clinical assessment for over four decades. However, now new less invasive sampling methods are emerging. This review emphasizes BAL and the cellular and noncellular components recovered in fluid that have contributed to improving knowledge of how the respiratory tree's innate immunity can protect, and how airway structures can become deranged and manifest disease. After a discussion of training for FOB and procedural issues, a spectrum of respiratory diseases studied with BAL is presented, including airway illness (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), diffuse interstitial lung diseases [idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, rheumatoid interstitial lung disease (ILD), granulomatous ILDs], lung infections, lung malignancy, and upper and lower tract airway problems. Some recent studies with exhaled breath condensate analyses are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Y Reynolds
- Lung Biology and Disease Branch, Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung & Blood Institute, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Suite 10042, Two Rockledge Center, MSC 7952, Bethesda, MD 20892-7952, USA.
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Abstract
In the past few years, we have witnessed a revolution in the molecular understanding of non-small cell lung cancer. Major progress has also been made in the clinic, with the introduction of EGFR-targeted and anti-angiogenic therapies. These advances have led to the development of a multitude of commercially available prognostic and predictive biomarkers. In particular, EGFR mutation and EML4/ALK testing have reached clinical validation and are incorporated into current treatment paradigms. This overview will present the scientific background of the biology of the relevant biomarkers and the studies conducted for their clinical validation. The technical challenges and shortcomings of these assays are also discussed. Furthermore, ongoing biomarker-driven clinical studies and the appropriate clinical use of available tests will be reviewed to assist the clinician with the proper incorporation of molecular testing into the routine care of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Cheng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Eramo A, Haas TL, De Maria R. Lung cancer stem cells: tools and targets to fight lung cancer. Oncogene 2010; 29:4625-35. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
The histologic distinction between bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and other adenocarcinomas is tissue invasion. The clinical importance of lung adenocarcinoma invasion is supported by several recent studies indicating that the risk of death in nonmucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is significantly lower than that of pure invasive tumors and in tumors with greater than 0.5 cm of fibrosis or linear invasion. Using microarray gene expression profiling of human tumors, dysregulation of transforming growth factor-beta signaling was identified as an important mediator of tumor invasion. Subsequent studies showed that the CC chemokine regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed, and presumably secreted was up-regulated in invasive tumors and was required for invasion in cells with repressed levels of the transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor. Taken together, these studies illustrate how information gained from global expression profiling of tumors can be used to identify key pathways and genes mediating tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.
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Panico F, Rizzi F, Fabbri LM, Bettuzzi S, Luppi F. Clusterin (CLU) and lung cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2010; 105:63-76. [PMID: 19879423 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(09)05004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. It is categorized into two histological groups that have distinct clinical behaviors, the nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and the small cell lung cancer (SCLC). When identified at an early stage, NSCLC is treated by surgical resection. However, patients who undergo surgical resection still have a relative low survival rate, primarily for tumor recurrence. Unfortunately, advances in cytotoxic therapy have reached a plateau and new approaches to treatment are needed together with new and better parameters for more accurate prediction of the outcome and more precise indication of the efficacy of the treatment. Several in vitro studies have examined the role of Clusterin (CLU) in carcinogenesis, lung cancer progression, and response to chemo- and radiotherapy. Studies performed in lung cancer cell lines and animal models showed that CLU is upregulated after exposure to chemo- and radiotherapy. A potential role proposed for the protein is cytoprotective. In vitro, CLU silencing by antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and small-interfering RNAs (siRNA) directed against CLU mRNA in CLU-rich lung cancer cell lines sensitized cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and decreased their metastatic potential. In vivo, a recent work analyzed the prognostic role of CLU in NSCLC, showing that CLU-positive patients with lung cancer had a better overall survival and disease-free survival than those with CLU-negative tumors. These data are contradictory to the promising in vitro results. From the results of these studies we may hypothesize that in early-stage lung cancers CLU represents a positive biomarker correlating with better overall survival. In advanced patients, already treated with chemo- and radiotherapy, the induction of CLU may confer resistance to the treatments. However, many studies are needed to better understand the role of CLU in early-stage and advanced lung cancers with the aim to discriminate patients and specific local conditions that could benefit for a CLU knocking down treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Panico
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Respiratory Diseases, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
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