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Three new species of Rhabdias Stiles et Hassall, 1905 (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) parasitic in Ptychadena spp. (Amphibia: Anura: Ptychadenidae) and an identification key to Rhabdias spp. from Afrotropical anurans. Parasitol Int 2022; 91:102649. [PMID: 35988899 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Three new species of lung-dwelling nematodes are described from the frogs Ptychadena anchietae (Bocage), P. oxyrhynchus (Smith), and P. uzungwensis (Loveridge) in southern Africa. All three species are medium-sized species of Rhabdias Stiles et Hassall, 1905, with the thick-walled buccal capsules measuring 11-13 μm × 6-11 μm, consisting of longer anterior and shorter posterior parts. Rhabdias athos n. sp. and R. porthos n. sp. are characterised by the rounded anterior end of the body and the presence of short dilatation of the oesophagus at its mid-length. Rhabdias porthos n. sp. has distinct excretory glands which are absent in two other species. Rhabdias aramis n. sp. is characterised by the truncated anterior end and the slight constriction of the oesophagus at the level of its mid-length. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS-28S rDNA sequences placed R. aramis n. sp. in the clade consisting of R. engelbrechti Kuzmin et al., 2017 from South Africa and Eurasian Rhabdias spp., while R. athos n. sp. and R. porthos n. sp. formed a sister group to that clade. Identification key to 14 Rhabdias spp. parasitic in anuran amphibians from the Afrotropical Realm is provided.
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Abdel-Hakeem SS, Fadladdin YA, El-Sagheer AM, Adel A. New host record, Sclerophrys regularis (Bufonidae), for Rhabdias africanus (Rhabdiasidae, ) based on molecular and morphological evidence. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103366. [PMID: 35860497 PMCID: PMC9289862 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With diversity of hosts range, most identified nematode species still lack the crucial connection between morphological and molecular make-up, which is important for precisely classifying the specimens. The present study provides the complete description of Rhabdias africanus in the new host record, Sclerophrys regularis. Fifty toad specimens were collected, and a high prevalence of R. africanus infection (74%) was observed. Morphology and ultrastructure were observed using light and scanning electron microscopes. Morphological characteristics, including peculiarities of the head, the shape and position of the lips, and the number of labial papillae, were described. The length of the body, the esophageal length, the distance from an anterior end to the nerve ring, and the tail length were reduced in the studied samples relative to previously described specimens. Furthermore, some variable matrices that have not previously been described, e.g., ovarian part widening, the nerve ring and its location, and eggs with different stages of larvae, were included in the present study. Genus and species identification was confirmed by comparing partial 12S (619 bp) and ITS (878 bp) gene sequences to those of Rhabdias species deposited in GenBank. The studied species showed a 99.34% resemblance to R. africanus from South Africa. We assume our findings will aid in the molecular identification of adult and larval stages of this genus in amphibians. We strongly recommend further studies on the environmental factors that promote Rhabdias infection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S. Abdel-Hakeem
- Parasitology Laboratory, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yousef A. Fadladdin
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atef M. El-Sagheer
- Agricultural Zoology and Nematology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Adel
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Egypt
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Marcaida AJB, Nakao M, Fukutani K, Nishikawa K, Urabe M. Phylogeography of Rhabdias spp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) collected from Bufo species in Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, Japan including possible cryptic species. Parasitol Int 2022; 90:102612. [PMID: 35752226 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The genus Rhabdias Stiles & Hassall, 1905 comprises lung parasites of amphibians and reptiles worldwide. In Japan, 9 species have been recorded, including Rhabdias incerta Wilkie, 1930 which has been reported only in Bufo species. In this study, to assess the diversity of R. incerta, we performed molecular analyses of Rhabdias species sampled from three species/subspecies of Japanese toads namely Bufo japonicus, B. japonicus formosus, and B. torrenticola, collected in various regions of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, Japan. DNA sequence divergence was compared using mtDNA (COI) and nuclear DNA (28S) to identify possible cryptic species. Morphological analysis was performed through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that Bufo spp. serve as hosts for at least three Rhabdias species. Morphologically, most samples were identified as R. incerta but with a longer body and larger buccal cavity than originally described. Rhabdias incerta appears to be specific to the genus Bufo and is further subdivided into two or three phylogroups based on subspecies divisions and biogeography of their host. Some Rhabdias specimens collected in this study resemble R. tokyoensis Wilkie, 1930, parasitic in hosts from the order Caudata, which suggests host switching. Both molecular and morphological analyses suggested the presence of undescribed and cryptic Rhabdias species within toads collected in Japan. This study was the first to molecularly characterize Rhabdias species in Japan, including novel sequences of R. incerta and two undescribed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Jet B Marcaida
- Department of Environmental Dynamics, Graduate School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Minoru Nakao
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazumi Fukutani
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanto Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan; Graduate School of Global Environmental Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Misako Urabe
- Department of Ecosystem Studies, Faculty of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Shiga, Japan
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Goldberg SR, Bursey CR, Mali FM, Kusamba C, Robbins AJ, Greenbaum E. Gastrointestinal Helminths in Amietia sp. (Anura: Pyxicephalidae) from the Albertine Rift of Central Africa. Helminthologia 2021; 58:328-332. [PMID: 34934395 PMCID: PMC8647955 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2021-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourteen Amietia sp. (Pyxicephalidae), from the Albertine Rift of Democratic Republic of the Congo were examined for helminths. Five species of Nematoda were found: Amphibiophilus chabaudi, Aplectana praeputialis, Falcaustra congoensis, Foleyellides duboisi and Orneoascaris chrysanthemoides. Amphibiophilus chabaudi was the most numerous nematode (n = 40) with the highest prevalence (57 %). Five new host records are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Goldberg
- Department of Biology, Whittier College, Whittier, California 90608. U.S.A
| | - C R Bursey
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, Shenango Campus, Sharon, Pennsylvania 16146, U.S.A
| | - F M Mali
- Department of Ecology and Biodiversity of Earth Resources, Centre de Surveillance de la Biodiversité de l' Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - C Kusamba
- Laboratoire d'Herpétologie, Département de Biologie, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles, Lwiro, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - A J Robbins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, UTEP Biodiversity Collections, El Paso, Texas 79968, U.S.A
| | - E Greenbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, UTEP Biodiversity Collections, El Paso, Texas 79968, U.S.A
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Kuzmin Y, Svitin R, Harnoster F, du Preez L. Description and molecular characterisation of a new nematode species parasitic in the lungs of Strongylopus grayii (Smith) (Anura: Pyxicephalidae) in South Africa. Syst Parasitol 2020; 97:369-378. [PMID: 32562125 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-020-09917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdias delangei n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) is described from the lungs of the clicking stream frog Strongylopus grayii (Smith) in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The new species is characterised by the nerve-ring being located just posterior to the mid-length of the oesophagus, a pre-equatorial vulva, as well as a thin-walled and apparently underdeveloped rectum. Pairwise analyses based on ITS-28S and partial cox1 gene fragments showed significant differences between R. delangei n. sp. and its congeners from the Afrotropical Realm. Rhabdias delangei n. sp. is the 12th species of Rhabdias Stiles & Hassall, 1905 recorded in Afrotropical amphibians and the second species of the genus found in pyxicephalid hosts. Our phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS-28S region showed that the new species is closely related to the European species R. rubrovenosa (Schneider, 1866). Furthermore, both species are similar with respect to the underdeveloped rectum and pre-equatorial position of vulva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Kuzmin
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, 15 Bogdan Khmelnytskyi Street, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine.,African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Roman Svitin
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, 15 Bogdan Khmelnytskyi Street, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine. .,African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. .,South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
| | - Florence Harnoster
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Louis du Preez
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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