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Naselli F, Cardinale PS, Volpes S, Martino C, Cruciata I, Valenti R, Luparello C, Caradonna F, Chiarelli R. An alternative approach of TUNEL assay to specifically characterize DNA fragmentation in cell model systems. Histochem Cell Biol 2024:10.1007/s00418-024-02306-9. [PMID: 38940846 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
DNA damage is one of the most important effects induced by chemical agents. We report a comparative analysis of DNA fragmentation on three different cell lines using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, generally applied to detect apoptosis. Our approach combines cytogenetic techniques and investigation in detached cellular structures, recovered from the culture medium with the aim to compare the DNA fragmentation of three different cell line even beyond the cells adherent to substrate. Consequently, we detect any fragmentation points on single chromosomes, whole nuclei and other cellular structures. Cells were exposed to resveratrol (RSV) and doxorubicin (Doxo), in single and combined treatments. Control and treated astrocytes showed DNA damage in condensed nuclei and detached structures. Caco-2 cells showed fragmented DNA only after Doxo-treatment, while controls showed fragmented chromosomes, indicating DNA damage in replicating cells. MDA-MB-231 cells showed nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation above all after RSV-treatment and related to detached structures. This model proved to perform a grading of genomic instability (GI). Astrocytes show a hybrid level of GI. Caco-2 cells showed fragmented metaphase chromosomes, proving that the DNA damage was transmitted to the daughter cells probably due to an absence of DNA repair mechanisms. Instead, MDA-MB-231 cells showed few or no fragmented metaphase, suggesting a probable activation of DNA repair mechanisms. By applying this alternative approach of TUNEL test, we obtained data that can more specifically characterize DNA fragmentation for a suitable application in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flores Naselli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Sofia Cardinale
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sara Volpes
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Martino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cruciata
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rossella Valenti
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Caradonna
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Roberto Chiarelli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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2
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Edwards CM, Kane JF, Smith JA, Grant DM, Johnson JA, Diaz MAH, Vecchi LA, Bracey KM, Omokehinde TN, Fontana JR, Karno BA, Scott HT, Vogel CJ, Lowery JW, Martin TJ, Johnson RW. PTHrP intracrine actions divergently influence breast cancer growth through p27 and LIFR. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:34. [PMID: 38409028 PMCID: PMC10897994 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related protein (PTHrP) in breast cancer remains controversial, with reports of PTHrP inhibiting or promoting primary tumor growth in preclinical studies. Here, we provide insight into these conflicting findings by assessing the role of specific biological domains of PTHrP in tumor progression through stable expression of PTHrP (-36-139aa) or truncated forms with deletion of the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) alone or in combination with the C-terminus. Although the full-length PTHrP molecule (-36-139aa) did not alter tumorigenesis, PTHrP lacking the NLS alone accelerated primary tumor growth by downregulating p27, while PTHrP lacking the NLS and C-terminus repressed tumor growth through p27 induction driven by the tumor suppressor leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR). Induction of p27 by PTHrP lacking the NLS and C-terminus persisted in bone disseminated cells, but did not prevent metastatic outgrowth, in contrast to the primary tumor site. These data suggest that the PTHrP NLS functions as a tumor suppressor, while the PTHrP C-terminus may act as an oncogenic switch to promote tumor progression through differential regulation of p27 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Edwards
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeremy F Kane
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jailyn A Smith
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Déja M Grant
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jasmine A Johnson
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria A Hernandez Diaz
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lawrence A Vecchi
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kai M Bracey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tolu N Omokehinde
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph R Fontana
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Breelyn A Karno
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Halee T Scott
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Carolina J Vogel
- Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Bone and Muscle Research Group, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan W Lowery
- Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Bone and Muscle Research Group, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Academic Affairs, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - T John Martin
- Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachelle W Johnson
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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3
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Yuan G, Zou T, He Z, Xiao Q, Li G, Liu S, Xiong P, Chen H, Peng K, Zhang X, Luo T, Zhou D, Yang S, Zhou F, Zhang K, Zheng K, Han Y, Zhu J, Liang Y, Deng Q, Wang S, Sun C, Yu X, Liu H, Wang L, Li P, Li S. SWOLLEN TAPETUM AND STERILITY 1 is required for tapetum degeneration and pollen wall formation in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:352-370. [PMID: 35748750 PMCID: PMC9434214 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The pollen wall is important for protecting the male gametophyte and for fertilization. The lipid components of the pollen wall are mainly synthesized and transported from the sporophytic tapetum. Although several factors related to lipid biosynthesis have been characterized, the molecular mechanisms underlying lipid biosynthesis during pollen development in rice (Oryza sativa L.) remain elusive. Here, we showed that mutation in the SWOLLEN TAPETUM AND STERILITY 1 (STS1) gene causes delayed tapetum degradation and aborted pollen wall formation in rice. STS1 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized protein that contains domain of unknown function (DUF) 726 and exhibits lipase activity. Lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that STS1 is involved in anther lipid homeostasis. Moreover, STS1 interacts with Polyketide Synthase 2 (OsPKS2) and Acyl-CoA Synthetase 12 (OsACOS12), two enzymes crucial in lipidic sporopollenin biosynthesis in pollen wall formation, suggesting a potentially lipidic metabolon for sporopollenin biosynthesis in rice. Collectively, our results indicate that STS1 is an important factor for lipid biosynthesis in reproduction, providing a target for the artificial control of male fertility in hybrid rice breeding and insight into the function of DUF726-containing protein in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhiyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gongwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pingping Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shangyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kaiyou Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuhao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yueyang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huainian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ping Li
- Author for correspondence: (S.L.), (P.L.)
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Novel role of COX6c in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation and diseases. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:336. [PMID: 35879322 PMCID: PMC9314418 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIc (COX6c) is one of the most important subunits of the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain in mitochondria. Numerous studies have demonstrated that COX6c plays a critical role in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and energy production. The release of COX6c from the mitochondria may be a hallmark of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Moreover, The changes in COX6c expression are widespread in a variety of diseases and can be chosen as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and treatment. In light of its exclusive effects, we present the elaborate roles that COX6c plays in various diseases. In this review, we first introduced basic knowledge regarding COX6c and its functions in the OXPHOS and apoptosis pathways. Subsequently, we described the regulation of COX6c expression and activity in both positive and negative ways. Furthermore, we summarized the elaborate roles that COX6c plays in various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, brain injury, skeletal muscle injury, and tumors. This review highlights recent advances and provides a comprehensive summary of COX6c in the regulation of OXPHOS in multiple diseases and may be helpful for drug design and the prediction, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases.
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5
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Luparello C, Librizzi M. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)-dependent modulation of gene expression signatures in cancer cells. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 120:179-214. [PMID: 35953109 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PTHrP is encoded by PTHLH gene which can generate by alternative promoter usage and splicing mechanisms at least three mature peptides of 139, 141 and 173 amino acids with distinct carboxy terminus. PTHrP may undergo proteolytic processing into smaller bioactive forms, comprising an amino terminus peptide, which is the mediator of the "classical" PTH-like effect, as well as midregion and carboxy terminus peptides that act as multifaceted critical regulator of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis via the reprogramming of gene expression in normal and neoplastic cells. Moreover, a nuclear/nucleolar localization signal sequence is present in the [87-107] domain allowing PTHrP nuclear import and "intracrine" effect additional to the autocrine/paracrine one. Within the large number of data available in the literature on PTHrP bioactivities, the goal of this chapter is to pick up selected studies that report the detection of molecular signatures of cancer cell exposure to PTHrP, either as full-length protein or discrete peptides, demonstrated by individual gene or whole genome expression profiling, briefly recapitulating the biological implications associated with the specific gene activation or silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italia.
| | - Mariangela Librizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italia
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6
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Luparello C, Librizzi M, Asaro DML, Cruciata I, Caradonna F. Mid-region parathyroid hormone-related protein is a genome-wide chromatin-binding factor that promotes growth and differentiation of HB2 epithelial cells from the human breast. Biofactors 2019; 45:279-288. [PMID: 30561100 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Human parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a polyhormone that undergoes proteolytic cleavage producing smaller peptides which exert diversified biological effects. PTHrP signalization is prominently involved in breast development and physiology, but the studies have been focused onto either N-terminal species or full-length protein introduced by gene transfer techniques. Our present work investigates for the first time the effect of the mid-region PTHrP secretory form, that is, the fragment [38-94], on HB2 non-tumoral breast epithelial cells. We examined viability/proliferation of cells grown in PTHrP-containing media supplemented with different serum concentration and on different substrates, extending our investigation to check whether (a) by analogy with MDA-MB231 cells, also HB2 cell chromatin possesses genome-wide binding sites for mid-region PTHrP, and (b) the peptide is endowed with modulating properties toward the expression of proliferation/differentiation signatures by HB2 cells. Our results indicate that mid-region PTHrP acts as a cell growth/differentiation stimulator in routine and "nutrient stress" culture conditions, accordingly reprogramming gene expression, and is able to bind to cytogenetic preparations from HB2 cells. This supports the concept that the physiological mechanisms involving PTHrP during breast development may include mature processed forms of the protein different from the N-terminal fragment. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(2):279-288, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariangela Librizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Dalia M L Asaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cruciata
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Caradonna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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7
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Pedro NF, Biselli JM, Maniglia JV, Santi-Neto DD, Pavarino ÉC, Goloni-Bertollo EM, Biselli-Chicote PM. Candidate Biomarkers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Differential Expression of Oxidative Stress-Related Genes. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1343-1349. [PMID: 29802697 PMCID: PMC6031819 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.5.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alteration in the biotransformation of exogenous compounds can result in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can predispose cells to malignant transformation in the head and neck. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of genes involved in antioxidant metabolism in the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: The expression of eighty-four genes was evaluated in OSCC and non-tumor tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using the TaqMan Gene Expression Array. The biological mechanisms related to the differentially expressed genes were investigated using Gene – NCBI, KEGG, UNIPROT and REACTOME databases. Results: Twenty-one genes encoding enzymes involved in antioxidant metabolism were differentially expressed in the OSCC case. Four genes (ATOX1, PRDX4, PRNP, and SOD2) were up-regulated, and seventeen (ALOX12, CAT, CSDE1, DHCR24, DUOX1, DUOX2, EPHX2, GLRX2, GPX3, GSR, GSTZ1, MGST3, PRDX1, OXR1, OXSR1, SOD1, and SOD3) were down-regulated. We identified 14 possible novel biomarkers for OSCC. The differentially expressed genes appeared related to important biological processes involved in carcinogenesis, such as inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, genomic instability, invasion, survival, and cell proliferation. Conclusions: Our study identified novel biomarkers which might warrant further investigation regarding OSCC pathogenesis since the altered expression in the genes can modulate biological processes related to oxidative stress and predispose cells to malignant transformation in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Fernandes Pedro
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM), São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000, São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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8
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Effect of transfection with PLP2 antisense oligonucleotides on gene expression of cadmium-treated MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:1893-901. [PMID: 22729357 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that cadmium (Cd) is able to regulate gene expression, drastically affecting the pattern of transcriptional activity in human normal and pathological cells. We have already shown that exposure of MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells to 5 μM CdCl(2) for 96 h, apart from significantly affecting mitochondrial metabolism, induces modifications of the expression level of genes coding for members of stress response-, mitochondrial respiration-, MAP kinase-, NF-κB-, and apoptosis-related pathways. In the present study, we have expanded the knowledge on the biological effects of Cd-breast cancer cell interactions, indicating PLP2 (proteolipid protein-2) as a novel member of the list of Cd-upregulated genes by MDA-MB231 cancer cells and, through the application of transfection techniques with specific antisense oligonucleotides, we have demonstrated that such over-expression may be an upstream event to some of the changes of gene expression levels already observed in Cd-treated cells, thus unveiling new possible molecular relationship between PLP2 and genes linked to the stress and apoptotic responses.
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9
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Luparello C, Sirchia R, Longo A. Type V collagen and protein kinase C η down-regulation in 8701-BC breast cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2011; 52:348-58. [PMID: 22213077 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that ductal infiltrating carcinomas (d.i.c.) of the human breast display profound modifications of the stromal architecture, associated with anomalous collagen composition. Among the major alterations observed in the interstitial collagen, the relative increase of type V collagen content was detected. When type V collagen was used as an "in vitro" substrate for 8701-BC d.i.c. cells, it appeared able to restrain cell growth, inhibit cell motility and invasion "in vitro", and modify the expression levels of genes coding for apoptosis factors, caspases and stress response proteins. In the present paper we demonstrate that type V collagen induces the down-regulation of protein kinase C η, an event that may be, at least in part, responsible of the previously-reported modifications of cell morphology and growth rate, and that appears to be involved in the already-observed changes of expression levels of genes encoding for anti- (Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic factors (Bad, Dapk, Bcl-Xs) and enzymes (caspase 5 and 8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari e Biomolecolari, STEMBIO, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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10
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Noncanonical intracrine action. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 5:435-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Luparello C, Longo A, Vetrano M. Exposure to cadmium chloride influences astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) expression in MDA-MB231 human breast cancer cells. Biochimie 2011; 94:207-13. [PMID: 22041583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is known that cadmium (Cd) is able to regulate gene expression, drastically affecting the pattern of transcriptional activity and intracellular signalization in normal and pathological human cells. We have already shown that Cd exerts a cytotoxic effect on neoplastic MDA-MB231 cells from the human breast, which is characterized by the onset of a "non-classical" apoptotic kind of death, impairment of mitochondrial activity and drastic changes in gene expression pattern. In the present study, employing a combination of conventional and differential display-PCR techniques, immunocytochemical, ELISA and Western analyses, we extended the knowledge on the transcriptional modulation exerted by the metal demonstrating that in MDA-MB231 cells 5 μM CdCl(2) treatment for 96 h selectively down-regulates astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) and reduces the accumulation of its protein product which appears to be associated with the internal cytomembranes and also present in the nucleoplasm. In addition, due to the acknowledged role of AEG-1 in the intranuclear shuttling of NF-κB p65 subunit, we also showed that CdCl(2) treatment determines the decrease of p65 amount in nuclear extracts and the down-regulation of the NF-κB downstream genes c-fos and c-jun, thus providing a new contribution to the comprehension of the intracellular molecular mechanisms implicated in Cd-breast cancer cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari e Biomolecolari (STEMBIO), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
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12
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Luparello C. Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein (PTHrP): A Key Regulator of Life/Death Decisions by Tumor Cells with Potential Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:396-407. [PMID: 24212621 PMCID: PMC3756367 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3010396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), classically regarded as the mediator of the humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy syndrome, is a polyhormone that undergoes proteolytic processing into smaller bioactive forms. These bioactive forms comprise an N-terminal- as well as midregion- and C-terminal peptides, which have been shown to regulate various biological events, such as survival, proliferation and differentiation, in diverse cell model systems, both normal and pathological. A number of experimental data have demonstrated that PTHrP is also able to modulate tumor-relevant phenotypic expressions, thereby playing a role in early and advanced tumorigenesis, and in the response to treatment. In particular, interest has mainly been focused on the effects of PTHrP on cell proliferation/apoptosis, migration and invasion, which are the main roles involved in cancer development in vivo. The objective of this review is to discuss collectively the literature data on the molecular and biochemical basis of the mechanisms underlying the different, and sometimes opposite, effects exerted by PTHrP on various neoplastic cytotypes, with some final comments on both present and potential utilization of PTHrP as a target for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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Luparello C, Sirchia R, Lo Sasso B. Midregion PTHrP regulates Rip1 and caspase expression in MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 111:461-74. [PMID: 18030616 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-007-9816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It was previously reported that the midregion PTHrP domain (38-94)-amide restrains growth and invasion "in vitro", causes striking toxicity and accelerates death of some breast cancer cell lines, the most responsive being MDA-MB231 whose tumorigenesis was also attenuated "in vivo". In addition, we have demonstrated that midregion PTHrP is imported in the nucleoplasm of cultured MDA-MB231 cells, and that "in vitro" it can bind chromatin of metaphase spread preparations and also an isolated 20-mer oligonucleotide, thereby appearing endowed with a putative transcription factor-like DNA-binding ability. Here, we examined whether PTHrP (38-94)-amide was able to modulate the expression of genes encoding for apoptosis factors and caspases. Employing a combination of conventional and semi-quantitative multiplex PCR techniques, antisense oligonucleotide (asODN) transfections, proliferation/invasion assays and protein analyses, here we report that PTHrP treatment induces the up-regulation of Bcl-xS, Bad and Rip1 and switches-on the expression of caspase-2, -5, -6, -7 and -8 in MDA-MB231 cells. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that asODN-induced under-expression of Rip1 can lead to a more pronounced up-regulation of some caspases due, at least in part, to JNK inactivation, thus providing a new example of factor involved in the transcriptional regulation of the apoptotic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
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