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Date M, Miyamoto A, Honjo T, Shiokawa T, Tada H, Okada N, Futami J. Hydrophobicity and molecular mass-based separation method for autoantibody discovery from mammalian total cellular proteins. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4771. [PMID: 37638851 PMCID: PMC10503409 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Serum autoantibody profiles are unique to individuals and reflect the level and history of autoimmunity and tumor immunity. The identification of autoantibody biomarkers is critical for the development of immune monitoring systems for immune-related disorders. Here, we present a practical method for large-scale autoantibody discovery using total cellular proteins from cultured mammalian cells. We found that nucleic acid-free and fully denatured water-soluble total cellular proteins from mammalian cells were superior, allowing precise separation by reversed-phase HPLC after preparing a large set of homogeneous total cellular proteins. After separating the proteins based on hydrophobicity, the fractionated samples were subjected to molecular mass analysis using conventional SDS-PAGE. The resulting two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was successfully employed for immune blotting and LC-MS/MS analysis. All procedures, including TRIzol-based total cellular protein extraction, solubilization of denatured proteins, reversed-phase HPLC separation, and SDS-PAGE, were highly reproducible and easily scalable. We propose this novel two-dimensional gel electrophoresis system as an alternative proteomics-based methodology suitable for large-scale autoantibody discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirei Date
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health SystemsOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Ai Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health SystemsOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Tomoko Honjo
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health SystemsOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Tsugumi Shiokawa
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Department of Instrumental Analysis and Cryogenics, Advanced Science Research CenterOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Hiroko Tada
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Department of Instrumental Analysis and Cryogenics, Advanced Science Research CenterOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Nobuhiro Okada
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health SystemsOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Junichiro Futami
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health SystemsOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
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Vulsteke JB, Smith V, Bonroy C, Derua R, Blockmans D, De Haes P, Vanderschueren S, Lenaerts JL, Claeys KG, Wuyts WA, Verschueren P, Vanhandsaeme G, Piette Y, De Langhe E, Bossuyt X. Identification of new telomere- and telomerase-associated autoantigens in systemic sclerosis. J Autoimmun 2023; 135:102988. [PMID: 36634459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In up to 20% of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) no known autoantibody specificity can be identified. Recently discovered autoantigens, such as telomeric repeat binding factor 1 (TERF1), as well as established autoantigens, like RuvBL1/2, are associated with telomere and telomerase biology. We aimed to identify new telomere- and telomerase-associated autoantigens in patients with SSc without known autoantibody specificity. METHODS Unlabelled protein immunoprecipitation combined with gel-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (IP-MS) was performed with sera of 106 patients with SSc from two tertiary referral centres that had a nuclear pattern on HEp-2 indirect immunofluorescence without previously identified autoantibody. Telomere- or telomerase-associated proteins or protein complexes precipitated by individual sera were identified. Candidate autoantigens were confirmed through immunoprecipitation-western blot (IP-WB). A custom Luminex xMAP assay for 5 proteins was evaluated with sera from persons with SSc (n = 467), other systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (n = 923), non-rheumatic disease controls (n = 187) and healthy controls (n = 199). RESULTS Eight telomere- and telomerase-associated autoantigens were identified in a total of 11 index patients, including the THO complex (n = 3, all with interstitial lung disease and two with cardiac involvement), telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 (TERF2, n = 1), homeobox-containing protein 1 (HMBOX1, n = 2), regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1, n = 1), nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1 (NOLC1, n = 1), dyskerin (DKC1, n = 1), probable 28S rRNA (cytosine(4447)-C(5))-methyltransferase (NOP2, n = 1) and nuclear valosin-containing protein-like (NVL, n = 2). A Luminex xMAP assay for THO complex subunit 1 (THOC1), TERF2, NOLC1, NOP2 and NVL revealed high reactivity in all index patients, but also in other patients with SSc and disease controls. However, the reactivity by xMAP assay in these other patients was not confirmed by IP-WB. CONCLUSION IP-MS revealed key telomere- and telomerase-associated proteins and protein complexes as autoantigens in patients with SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Vulsteke
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Ghent University, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Ghent, Belgium; Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ERN ReCONNET), Belgium
| | - Carolien Bonroy
- Ghent University, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rita Derua
- KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, SyBioMa, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Blockmans
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory for Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, Leuven, Belgium; General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Petra De Haes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium; Dermatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Vanderschueren
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory for Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, Leuven, Belgium; General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European Reference Network on Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (ERN RITA), Belgium
| | - Jan L Lenaerts
- Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristl G Claeys
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Muscle Diseases and Neuropathies, Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European Reference Network on Rare Neuromuscular Diseases (ERN EURO-NMD), Belgium
| | - Wim A Wuyts
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Unit for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European Reference Network on Rare Respiratory Diseases (ERN LUNG), Belgium
| | - Patrick Verschueren
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Yves Piette
- Ghent University, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent, Belgium; Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Langhe
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ERN ReCONNET), Belgium; European Reference Network on Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (ERN RITA), Belgium
| | - Xavier Bossuyt
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Mulinacci G, Palermo A, Gerussi A, Asselta R, Gershwin ME, Invernizzi P. New insights on the role of human leukocyte antigen complex in primary biliary cholangitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:975115. [PMID: 36119102 PMCID: PMC9471323 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.975115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) is a rare autoimmune cholangiopathy. Genetic studies have shown that the strongest statistical association with PBC has been mapped in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus, a highly polymorphic area that mostly contribute to the genetic variance of the disease. Furthermore, PBC presents high variability throughout different population groups, which may explain the different geoepidemiology of the disease. A major role in defining HLA genetic contribution has been given by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) studies; more recently, new technologies have been developed to allow a deeper understanding. The study of the altered peptides transcribed by genetic alterations also allowed the development of novel therapeutic strategies in the context of immunotolerance. This review summarizes what is known about the immunogenetics of PBC with a focus on the HLA locus, the different distribution of HLA alleles worldwide, and how HLA modifications are associated with the pathogenesis of PBC. Novel therapeutic strategies are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Mulinacci
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Palermo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessio Gerussi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Merrill Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
- *Correspondence: Pietro Invernizzi,
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Abstract
Mycoplasmas are small, genome-reduced bacteria. They are obligate parasites that can be found in a wide range of host species, including the majority of livestock animals and humans. Colonization of the host can result in a wide spectrum of outcomes. In many cases, these successful parasites are considered commensal, as they are found in the microbiota of asymptomatic carriers. Conversely, mycoplasmas can also be pathogenic, as they are associated with a range of both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases which are problematic in veterinary and human medicine. The chronicity of mycoplasma infections and the ability of these bacteria to infect even recently vaccinated individuals clearly indicate that they are able to successfully evade their host’s humoral immune response. Over the years, multiple strategies of immune evasion have been identified in mycoplasmas, with a number of them aimed at generating important antigenic diversity. More recently, mycoplasma-specific anti-immunoglobulin strategies have also been characterized. Through the expression of the immunoglobulin-binding proteins protein M or mycoplasma immunoglobulin binding (MIB), mycoplasmas have the ability to target the host’s antibodies and to prevent them from interacting with their cognate antigens. In this review, we discuss how these discoveries shed new light on the relationship between mycoplasmas and their host’s immune system. We also propose that these strategies should be taken into consideration for future studies, as they are key to our understanding of mycoplasma diseases' chronic and inflammatory nature and are probably a contributing factor to reduce vaccine efficacy.
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Belousov PV. Analysis of the Repertoires of Circulating Autoantibodies' Specificities as a Tool for Identification of the Tumor-Associated Antigens: Current Problems and Solutions. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1225-1242. [PMID: 34903148 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Circulating autoantibodies against tumor-associated autoantigens (TAA) may serve as valuable biomarkers for a wide range of diagnostic purposes. Modern immunology offers a large variety of methods for in-depth comparative analysis of the repertoires of circulating antibodies' antigenic specificities in health and disease. Nevertheless, this research field so far has met somewhat limited clinical success, while numerous data on the repertoires of circulating autoantibodies' specificities in cancer patients are poorly integrated into the contemporary picture of the immunological and molecular landscapes of human tumors. This review is an attempt to identify and systematize the key and essentially universal conceptual and methodological limitations of analyses of the repertoires of circulating antibodies' antigenic specificities in cancer (expression bias, redundancy of TAA repertoires, identification of natural IgG, the absence of the pathogenetically relevant context in the experimental systems used to detect TAA), as well as to discuss potential and already known methodological improvements that may significantly increase the detectability of the pathogenetically relevant and diagnostically significant bona fide TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Belousov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- National Center for Personalized Medicine of Endocrine Diseases, National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 117036, Russia
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Biedka S, Schmidt BF, Frey NM, Boothman SM, Minden JS, Lucas A. Reversible Click Chemistry Tag for Universal Proteome Sample Preparation for Top-Down and Bottom-Up Analysis. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4787-4800. [PMID: 34524823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Successful proteome analysis requires reliable sample preparation beginning with protein solubilization and ending with a sample free of contaminants, ready for downstream analysis. Most proteome sample preparation technologies utilize precipitation or filter-based separation, both of which have significant disadvantages. None of the current technologies are able to prepare both intact proteins or digested peptides. Here, we introduce a reversible protein tag, ProMTag, that enables whole proteome capture, cleanup, and release of intact proteins for top-down analysis. Alternatively, the addition of a novel Trypsin derivative to the workflow generates peptides for bottom-up analysis. We show that the ProMTag workflow yields >90% for intact proteins and >85% for proteome digests. For top-down analysis, ProMTag cleanup improves resolution on 2D gels; for bottom-up exploration, this methodology produced reproducible mass spectrometry results, demonstrating that the ProMTag method is a truly universal approach that produces high-quality proteome samples compatible with multiple downstream analytical techniques. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Biedka
- Impact Proteomics, LLC., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206, United States
| | - Brigitte F Schmidt
- JGS Research Co., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, United States.,Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Nolan M Frey
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sarah M Boothman
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jonathan S Minden
- Impact Proteomics, LLC., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206, United States.,Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Amber Lucas
- Impact Proteomics, LLC., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206, United States
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7
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Seiringer P, Garzorz-Stark N, Eyerich K. T-Cell‒Mediated Autoimmunity: Mechanisms and Future Directions. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:804-810. [PMID: 34538423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
T cells are key drivers of autoimmunity in numerous noncommunicable inflammatory skin diseases by directly harming host tissue or through helping B cells in producing autoantibodies. Technological advances have contributed to identifying autoantigens, the Holy Grail of autoimmunity, in many inflammatory disorders of the skin. Novel therapeutic approaches such as chimeric (auto)antibody receptor T cells are a milestone on the way to finding individualized, well-tolerated, targeted therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on pathogenesis, immune response pattern‒related ontology, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options of autoimmune skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Seiringer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Helmholtz Center and Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalie Garzorz-Stark
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for molecular medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Dermatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kilian Eyerich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for molecular medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Dermatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Salinas VH, Stüve O. Systems Approaches to Unravel T Cell Function and Therapeutic Potential in Autoimmune Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:669-675. [PMID: 33526601 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Producing Ag-specific immune responses constrained to target tissues or cells that can be engaged or disengaged at will is predicated on understanding the network of genes governing immune cell function, defining the rules underlying Ag specificity, and synthesizing the tools to engineer them. The successes and limitations of chimeric Ag receptor (CAR) T cells emphasize this goal, and advances in high-throughput sequencing, large-scale genomic screens, single-cell profiling, and genetic modification are providing the necessary data to bring it to fruition-including a broader application into the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we delve into the implementation of these developments, survey the relevant works, and propose a framework for generating the next generation of synthetic T cells informed by the principles learned from these systems approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Salinas
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Olaf Stüve
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and .,Neurology Section, Medical Service, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX 75216
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9
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Moorman CD, Sohn SJ, Phee H. Emerging Therapeutics for Immune Tolerance: Tolerogenic Vaccines, T cell Therapy, and IL-2 Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:657768. [PMID: 33854514 PMCID: PMC8039385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.657768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases affect roughly 5-10% of the total population, with women affected more than men. The standard treatment for autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases had long been immunosuppressive agents until the advent of immunomodulatory biologic drugs, which aimed at blocking inflammatory mediators, including proinflammatory cytokines. At the frontier of these biologic drugs are TNF-α blockers. These therapies inhibit the proinflammatory action of TNF-α in common autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. TNF-α blockade quickly became the "standard of care" for these autoimmune diseases due to their effectiveness in controlling disease and decreasing patient's adverse risk profiles compared to broad-spectrum immunosuppressive agents. However, anti-TNF-α therapies have limitations, including known adverse safety risk, loss of therapeutic efficacy due to drug resistance, and lack of efficacy in numerous autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis. The next wave of truly transformative therapeutics should aspire to provide a cure by selectively suppressing pathogenic autoantigen-specific immune responses while leaving the rest of the immune system intact to control infectious diseases and malignancies. In this review, we will focus on three main areas of active research in immune tolerance. First, tolerogenic vaccines aiming at robust, lasting autoantigen-specific immune tolerance. Second, T cell therapies using Tregs (either polyclonal, antigen-specific, or genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to establish active dominant immune tolerance or T cells (engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to delete pathogenic immune cells. Third, IL-2 therapies aiming at expanding immunosuppressive regulatory T cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyewon Phee
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
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Macheleidt J, Kniemeyer O. Serological Proteome Analysis for the Characterization of Secreted Fungal Protein Antigens. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2260:15-26. [PMID: 33405028 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1182-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Defining the humoral immune response to infectious agents is important for gaining insights into infectious diseases and the response of the immune system. It can further aid development of serodiagnostic tests, discovery of vaccine antigen candidates, and immuno-epidemiological research. During the last three decades, serological proteome analyses (SERPAs) have played a significant role in characterizing the antibody response of humans or animals to fungal pathogens. SERPA combines 2D-gel electrophoresis with Western blotting. The introduction of multiplexing approaches by means of fluorescent dyes has greatly improved the reliability of the 2D technique and has boosted also the qualitative capabilities of the SERPA approach. In this chapter, we detail a SERPA protocol using fungal extracellular proteins from a fungal culture, here as an example the mold Aspergillus fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Macheleidt
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany.
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Hao S, Zhang Y, Hua L, Xie N, Xiao N, Wang H, Fu R, Shao Z. Antibodies specific to ferritin light chain polypeptide are frequently detected in patients with immune‑related pancytopenia. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2012-2020. [PMID: 32705249 PMCID: PMC7411336 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immuno-related pancytopenia (IRP) is characterized by pancytopenia resulting from bone marrow suppression or destruction mediated by auto-antibodies. In our previous study, a K562 cDNA library was established, which was used to screen for seven possible auto-antigens produced by hematopoietic cells in patients with IRP, including ferritin light chain (FTL). In the present study, FTL was expressed and purified, and the levels of the auto-antibodies specific to FTL were measured. Through ELISA, it was shown that the titer of anti-FTL antibodies was higher in patients with IRP without treatment compared with those who had recovered from IRP, those with severe aplastic anemia (SAA), those with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and the healthy controls. Furthermore, the expression levels of FTL-mRNA were upregulated in patients with IRP without treatment compared with those who had recovered from IRP, those with MDS and the normal controls. The results suggest that FTL antibody expression is upregulated in patients with IRP. Detecting FTL antibodies may therefore have certain clinical value in differentiating between IRP, SAA and MDS. Furthermore, in specific patients with IRP, FTL as an auto-antigen may induce immune attack on hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanfeng Hao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Luogang Hua
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Ning Xie
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Na Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Huaquan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Zonghong Shao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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Lee PY, Saraygord-Afshari N, Low TY. The evolution of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis - from proteomics to emerging alternative applications. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1615:460763. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Moritz CP, Paul S, Stoevesandt O, Tholance Y, Camdessanché JP, Antoine JC. Autoantigenomics: Holistic characterization of autoantigen repertoires for a better understanding of autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Music M, Soosaipillai A, Batruch I, Prassas I, Bogdanos DP, Diamandis EP. A proteome-wide immuno-mass spectrometric identification of serum autoantibodies. Clin Proteomics 2019; 16:25. [PMID: 31249498 PMCID: PMC6585069 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-019-9246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autoantibodies are produced when tolerance to self-antigens is broken and they can be mediators of tissue injury and systemic inflammation. They are excellent biomarkers because they are minimally invasive to screen and are highly abundant in serum due to limited proteolysis and slow clearance. Conventionally used methods of identifying autoantibodies in patient sera include indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays (ELISAs) and protein microarrays. Here we present a novel proteome-wide immuno-mass spectrometric method to identify serum autoantibody targets. Methods Serum samples from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were analyzed by ELISA for the presence of autoantibodies to CUB and zona pellucida-like domain-containing protein 1 (CUZD1). Protein was extracted from the human pancreas as well as 16 other human tissues to make a complex tissue lysate protein mixture. Antibodies in patient sera were immobilized and purified on protein G magnetic beads and subsequently incubated with pancreatic lysate containing CUZD1 or the aforementioned complex tissue lysate. After extensive washing, antibody-bound protein antigens were trypsin-digested and identified using shotgun mass spectrometry. Results The protocol was optimized for the immunoaffinity purification of autoantibody targets from tissue lysate, using CUZD1 from pancreatic lysate and anti-CUZD1 autoantibodies present in IBD patient serum as a proof-of-concept. Pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein 2, whose autoantibodies are a known biomarker of Crohn’s disease, was also immunoprecipitated from IBD patient serum, as an additional internal positive control. Conclusions This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a proteomic approach to identify serum autoantibody targets, using immunoaffinity purification followed by tandem mass spectrometry. Our methodology is applicable for proteome-wide analysis of autoantibody targets in a wide variety of clinical settings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12014-019-9246-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Music
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Antoninus Soosaipillai
- 2Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St [Box 32]; Flr 6 - Rm L6-201-1, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9 Canada
| | - Ihor Batruch
- 2Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St [Box 32]; Flr 6 - Rm L6-201-1, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9 Canada
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- 2Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St [Box 32]; Flr 6 - Rm L6-201-1, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9 Canada
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- 3Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,2Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St [Box 32]; Flr 6 - Rm L6-201-1, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9 Canada.,4Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,5Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St [Box 32]; Flr 6 - Rm L6-201-1, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9 Canada
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15
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Purcell AW, Sechi S, DiLorenzo TP. The Evolving Landscape of Autoantigen Discovery and Characterization in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2019; 68:879-886. [PMID: 31010879 PMCID: PMC6477901 DOI: 10.2337/dbi18-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that is caused, in part, by T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. High risk for disease, in those with genetic susceptibility, is predicted by the presence of two or more autoantibodies against insulin, the 65-kDa form of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2), and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8). Despite this knowledge, we still do not know what leads to the breakdown of tolerance to these autoantigens, and we have an incomplete understanding of T1D etiology and pathophysiology. Several new autoantibodies have recently been discovered using innovative technologies, but neither their potential utility in monitoring disease development and treatment nor their role in the pathophysiology and etiology of T1D has been explored. Moreover, neoantigen generation (through posttranslational modification, the formation of hybrid peptides containing two distinct regions of an antigen or antigens, alternative open reading frame usage, and translation of RNA splicing variants) has been reported, and autoreactive T cells that target these neoantigens have been identified. Collectively, these new studies provide a conceptual framework to understand the breakdown of self-tolerance, if such modifications occur in a tissue- or disease-specific context. A recent workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases brought together investigators who are using new methods and technologies to identify autoantigens and characterize immune responses toward these proteins. Researchers with diverse expertise shared ideas and identified resources to accelerate antigen discovery and the detection of autoimmune responses in T1D. The application of this knowledge will direct strategies for the identification of improved biomarkers for disease progression and treatment response monitoring and, ultimately, will form the foundation for novel antigen-specific therapeutics. This Perspective highlights the key issues that were addressed at the workshop and identifies areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W Purcell
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Salvatore Sechi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Teresa P DiLorenzo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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16
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The role of proteomics in the age of immunotherapies. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:757-769. [PMID: 30046851 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9763-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The antigenic landscape of the adaptive immune response is determined by the peptides presented by immune cells. In recent years, a number of immune-based cancer therapies have been shown to induce remarkable clinical responses through the activation of the patient's immune system. As a result, there is a need to identify immune biomarkers capable of predicting clinical response. Recent advances in proteomics have led to considerable developments in the more comprehensive profiling of the immune response. "Immunoproteomics" utilises a rapidly increasing collection of technologies in order to identify and quantify antigenic peptides or proteins. This includes gel-based, array-based, mass spectrometry (MS), DNA-based, or computer-based (in silico) approaches. Immunoproteomics is yielding an understanding of disease and disease progression, vaccine candidates, and biomarkers to a depth not before understood. This review gives an overview of the emerging role of proteomics in improving personalisation of immunotherapy treatment.
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17
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Patil PD, Burotto M, Velcheti V. Biomarkers for immune-related toxicities of checkpoint inhibitors: current progress and the road ahead. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:297-305. [PMID: 29430978 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1440209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoint pathways are key immune regulatory pathways that play a physiologic role in maintaining immune-homeostasis and are often co-opted by cancer cells to evade the host immune system. Recent developments in cancer immunotherapy, mainly drugs blocking the immune checkpoint pathways, have revolutionized the treatment paradigm for many solid tumors. A wide spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have been described with the use of these agents which necessitate treatment with immunosuppression, lead to disruption of therapy and can on occasion be life-threatening. There are currently no clinically validated biomarkers to predict the risk of irAEs. Areas covered: In this review, the authors describe the current progress in identifying biomarkers for irAEs and potential future directions. Literature search was conducted using PubMed-MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus. In addition, abstracts from major conference proceedings were reviewed for relevant content. Expert commentary: The discovery of biomarkers for irAEs is currently in its infancy, however there are a lot of promising candidate biomarkers that are currently being investigated. Biomarkers that can identify patients at a higher risk of developing irAEs or lead to early detection of autoimmune toxicities are crucial to optimize patient selection for immune-oncology agents and to minimize toxicity with their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradnya D Patil
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology , Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland , USA
| | - Mauricio Burotto
- b Department of Medical Oncology , Clinica Alemana de Santiago , Vitacura , Chile
| | - Vamsidhar Velcheti
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology , Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland , USA
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