1
|
Ravera F, Efeoglu E, Byrne HJ. A comparative analysis of stem cell differentiation on 2D and 3D substrates using Raman microspectroscopy. Analyst 2024; 149:4041-4053. [PMID: 38973486 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00315b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Chondrogenesis is a complex cellular process that involves the transformation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into chondrocytes, the specialised cells that form cartilage. In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems have emerged as a promising approach to studying cell behaviour and development in a more physiologically relevant environment compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture. The use of these systems provided insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate chondrogenesis and has the potential to revolutionise the development of new therapies for cartilage repair and regeneration. This study demonstrates the successful application of Raman microspectroscopy (RMS) as a label-free, non-destructive, and sensitive method to monitor the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) in a collagen type I hydrogel, and explores the potential benefits of 3D hydrogels compared to conventional 2D cell culture environments. rMSCs were cultured on 3D substrates for 3 weeks and their differentiation was monitored by measuring the spectral signatures of their subcellular compartments. Additionally, the evolution of high-density micromass cultures was investigated to provide a comprehensive understanding of the process and complex interactions between cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix. For comparison, rMSCs were induced into chondrogenesis in identical medium conditions for 21 days in monolayer culture. Raman spectra showed that rMSCs cultured in a collagen type I hydrogel are able to undergo a distinct chondrogenic differentiation pathway at a significantly higher rate than the 2D culture cells. 3D cultures expressed stronger and more homogeneous chondrogenesis-associated peaks such as collagens, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and aggrecan while manifesting changes in proteins and lipidic content. These results suggest that 3D type I collagen hydrogel substrates are promising for in vitro chondrogenesis studies, and that RMS is a valuable tool for monitoring chondrogenesis in 3D environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Ravera
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - E Efeoglu
- NICB (National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology) at Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - H J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu YH, Lee CH, Hsu YH, Chou YC, Yu PC, Huang CT, Liu SJ. Anti-Adhesive Resorbable Indomethacin/Bupivacaine-Eluting Nanofibers for Tendon Rupture Repair: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16235. [PMID: 38003425 PMCID: PMC10671766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment and surgical repair of torn Achilles tendons seldom return the wounded tendon to its original elasticity and stiffness. This study explored the in vitro and in vivo simultaneous release of indomethacin and bupivacaine from electrospun polylactide-polyglycolide composite membranes for their capacity to repair torn Achilles tendons. These membranes were fabricated by mixing polylactide-polyglycolide/indomethacin, polylactide-polyglycolide/collagen, and polylactide-polyglycolide/bupivacaine with 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol into sandwich-structured composites. Subsequently, the in vitro pharmaceutic release rates over 30 days were determined, and the in vivo release behavior and effectiveness of the loaded drugs were assessed using an animal surgical model. High concentrations of indomethacin and bupivacaine were released for over four weeks. The released pharmaceutics resulted in complete recovery of rat tendons, and the nanofibrous composite membranes exhibited exceptional mechanical strength. Additionally, the anti-adhesion capacity of the developed membrane was confirmed. Using the electrospinning technique developed in this study, we plan on manufacturing degradable composite membranes for tendon healing, which can deliver sustained pharmaceutical release and provide a collagenous habitat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsun Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Y.-H.Y.)
| | - Chen-Hung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Heng Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Y.-H.Y.)
| | - Ying-Chao Chou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Y.-H.Y.)
| | - Ping-Chun Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Tsai Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Jung Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Y.-H.Y.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Protective Effect of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Glucocorticoid-induced Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:909-915. [PMID: 34689292 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on preventing rats from glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (GCONFH) in the early stage in vivo and to investigate the possible mechanism of hUC-MSCs in regulating the balance of osteogenesis and adipogenesis. METHODS All rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (C group), model group (M group), and intervention group (I group). The model of GC-ONFH was developed by a sequential administration of lipopolysaccharide and methylprednisolone. The rats in the I group were treated with caudal vein injection of hUC-MSCs. Six weeks later, the blood samples were obtained to measure the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the content of triglyceride (TG) in serum, and the femoral heads were harvested and observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Micro-CT, Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS After intervention of hUC-MSCs, the necrosis rate of femoral head decreased from 83% (10/12) to 33% (4/12), the rate of empty bone lacuna was significantly decreased, the activity of ALP increased significantly, the content of TG decreased significantly, the bone density increased obviously, the expression of RUNX2 and Col I increased significantly and the expression of PPARγ decreased significantly. CONCLUSION These results revealed that caudal vein injection of hUC-MSCs can effectively reduce the incidence of GC-ONFH in rats by increasing ALP activity and reducing TG content in serum, increasing bone mineral density, promoting the expression of RUNX2 and Col I, and inhibiting the expression of PPARγ.
Collapse
|
4
|
Shen BY, Li JX, Wang XF, Zhou Q. Impact of Different Proportions of 2D and 3D Scaffolds on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 79:1580.e1-1580.e11. [PMID: 33675701 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To observe the proliferation and differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) on 2D and 3D scaffolds, the sodium alginate and collagen interpenetrating network hydrogel were developed to determine optimal properties for bone tissue engineering. METHODS Three groups of scaffold materials were prepared according to the ratio of sodium alginate to collagen: A (4:1), B (2:1), and C (1:1), respectively. For each group, gel beads (3D surfaces) and freeze-dried films (2D surfaces) were respectively prepared. For gel beads, hADSCs were mixed during the preparation of the beads, and then stem cells were applied to the surface of each film after freeze-drying and sterilization during the preparation of the freeze-dried films. Cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential were detected by cell counting kit, viable/dead cell staining kit, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescent staining, respectively. RESULTS Results showed that cell proliferation rate progressively increased with the increase of collagen ratio, with group C of 3D surfaces of gel beads achieving the highest rate. In particular, highest cell viability on the 2D surfaces was achieved in group B. Differences in BGLAP and RUNX2 expression in hADSCs on 2D or 3D surfaces of the 3 groups were statistically significant. Particularly, BGLAP and RUNX2 gene expression levels were highest in group C of freeze-dried films and were highest in group B of gel beads. Furthermore, the trend of immunofluorescence expression of RUNX2 and osteocalcin expression were consistent with the genetic testing results. CONCLUSIONS All data indicated that sodium alginate-collagen scaffolding materials had no adverse impact on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs. Cell differentiation and proliferation of bone tissue engineering can be promoted with the use of sodium alginate and collagen interpenetrating network hydrogel, and the appropriate ratio of sodium alginate and collagen is 2:1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Yong Shen
- Resident, Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Second Peoples Hospital, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun-Xin Li
- Resident, Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Second Peoples Hospital, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- Resident, Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Second Peoples Hospital, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department Head, Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Second Peoples Hospital, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cai H, Wang P, Xu Y, Yao Y, Liu J, Li T, Sun Y, Liang J, Fan Y, Zhang X. BMSCs-assisted injectable Col I hydrogel-regenerated cartilage defect by reconstructing superficial and calcified cartilage. Regen Biomater 2020; 7:35-45. [PMID: 32153990 PMCID: PMC7053261 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-healing capacity of cartilage was limited due to absence of vascular, nervous and lymphatic systems. Although many clinical treatments have been used in cartilage defect repair and shown a promising repair result in short term, however, regeneration of complete zonal structure with physiological function, reconstruction cartilage homeostasis and maintaining long-term repair was still an unbridgeable chasm. Cartilage has complex zonal structure and multiple physiological functions, especially, superficial and calcified cartilage played an important role in keeping homeostasis. To address this hurdle of regenerating superficial and calcified cartilage, injectable tissue-induced type I collagen (Col I) hydrogel-encapsulated BMSCs was chosen to repair cartilage damage. After 1 month implantation, the results demonstrated that Col I gel was able to induce BMSCs differentiation into chondrocytes, and formed hyaline-like cartilage and the superficial layer with lubrication function. After 3 months post-surgery, chondrocytes at the bottom of the cartilage layer would undergo hypertrophy and promote the regeneration of calcified cartilage. Six months later, a continuous anatomical tidemark and complete calcified interface were restored. The regeneration of neo-hyaline cartilage was similar with adjacent normal tissue on the thickness of the cartilage, matrix secretion, collagen type and arrangement. Complete multilayer zonal structure with physiological function remodeling indicated that BMSCs-assisted injectable Col I hydrogel could reconstruct cartilage homeostasis and maintain long-term therapeutic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanxu Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Peilei Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ya Yao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 20 Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 20 Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yong Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qian Y, Zhou X, Zhang F, Diekwisch TG, Luan X, Yang J. Triple PLGA/PCL Scaffold Modification Including Silver Impregnation, Collagen Coating, and Electrospinning Significantly Improve Biocompatibility, Antimicrobial, and Osteogenic Properties for Orofacial Tissue Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:37381-37396. [PMID: 31517483 PMCID: PMC7220812 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable synthetic scaffolds hold great promise for oral and craniofacial guided tissue regeneration and bone regeneration. To overcome the limitations of current scaffold materials in terms of osteogenic and antimicrobial properties, we have developed a novel silver-modified/collagen-coated electrospun poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid/polycaprolactone (PLGA/PCL) scaffold (PP-pDA-Ag-COL) with improved antimicrobial and osteogenic properties. Our novel scaffold was generated by electrospinning a basic PLGA/PCL matrix, followed by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) impregnation via in situ reduction, polydopamine coating, and then coating by collagen I. The three intermediate materials involved in the fabrication of our scaffolds, namely, PLGA/PCL (PP), PLGA/PCL-polydopamine (PP-pDA), and PLGA/PCL-polydopamine-Ag (PP-pDA-Ag), were used as control scaffolds. Scanning electron micrographs and mechanical testing indicated that the unique three-dimensional structures with randomly oriented nanofibrous electrospun scaffold architectures, the elasticity modulus, and the tensile strength were maintained after modifications. CCK-8 cell proliferation analysis demonstrated that the PP-pDA-Ag-COL scaffold was associated with higher MC3T3 proliferation rates than the three control scaffolds employed. Scanning electron and fluorescence light microscopy illustrated that PP-pDA-Ag-COL scaffolds significantly enhanced MC3T3 cell adhesion compared to the control scaffolds after 12 and 24 h culture, in tandem with the highest β1 integrin expression levels, both at the mRNA level and the protein level. Alkaline phosphatase activity, BMP2, and RUNX2 expression levels of MC3T3 cells cultured on PP-pDA-Ag-COL scaffolds for 7 and 14 days were also significantly higher when compared to controls (P < 0.001). There was a wider antibacterial zone associated in PP-pDA-Ag-COL and PP-pDA-Ag scaffolds versus control scaffolds (P < 0.05), and bacterial fluorescence was reduced on the Ag-modified scaffolds after 24 h inoculation against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. In a mouse periodontal disease model, the PP-pDA-Ag-COL scaffold enhanced alveolar bone regeneration (31.8%) and was effective for periodontitis treatment. These results demonstrate that our novel PP-pDA-Ag-COL scaffold enhanced biocompatibility and osteogenic and antibacterial properties and has therapeutic potential for alveolar/craniofacial bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhu Qian
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Suzhou 215004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding Author: (J.Y) , (X.Z) , (X.L)
| | - Feimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Thomas G.H. Diekwisch
- Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Dallas, Texas 75246, United States
| | - Xianghong Luan
- Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Dallas, Texas 75246, United States
- Corresponding Author: (J.Y) , (X.Z) , (X.L)
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Suzhou 215004, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding Author: (J.Y) , (X.Z) , (X.L)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
5-Azacytidine and trichostatin A enhance the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells isolated from steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head in rabbit. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
Abstract
Background: Collagens of marine origin are applied increasingly as alternatives to mammalian collagens in tissue engineering. The aim of the present study was to develop a biphasic scaffold from exclusively marine collagens supporting both osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation and to find a suitable setup for in vitro chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stroma cells (hMSC). Methods: Biphasic scaffolds from biomimetically mineralized salmon collagen and fibrillized jellyfish collagen were fabricated by joint freeze-drying and crosslinking. Different experiments were performed to analyze the influence of cell density and TGF-β on osteogenic differentiation of the cells in the scaffolds. Gene expression analysis and analysis of cartilage extracellular matrix components were performed and activity of alkaline phosphatase was determined. Furthermore, histological sections of differentiated cells in the biphasic scaffolds were analyzed. Results: Stable biphasic scaffolds from two different marine collagens were prepared. An in vitro setup for osteochondral differentiation was developed involving (1) different seeding densities in the phases; (2) additional application of alginate hydrogel in the chondral part; (3) pre-differentiation and sequential seeding of the scaffolds and (4) osteochondral medium. Spatially separated osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSC was achieved in this setup, while osteochondral medium in combination with the biphasic scaffolds alone was not sufficient to reach this ambition. Conclusions: Biphasic, but monolithic scaffolds from exclusively marine collagens are suitable for the development of osteochondral constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bernhardt
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Birgit Paul
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
McKee C, Chaudhry GR. Advances and challenges in stem cell culture. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:62-77. [PMID: 28780462 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) hold great promise for cell therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine as well as pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. They have the capacity to self-renew and the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types depending upon their source of isolation. However, use of SCs for clinical applications requires a high quality and quantity of cells. This necessitates large-scale expansion of SCs followed by efficient and homogeneous differentiation into functional derivatives. Traditional methods for maintenance and expansion of cells rely on two-dimensional (2-D) culturing techniques using plastic culture plates and xenogenic media. These methods provide limited expansion and cells tend to lose clonal and differentiation capacity upon long-term passaging. Recently, new approaches for the expansion of SCs have emphasized three-dimensional (3-D) cell growth to mimic the in vivo environment. This review provides a comprehensive compendium of recent advancements in culturing SCs using 2-D and 3-D techniques involving spheroids, biomaterials, and bioreactors. In addition, potential challenges to achieve billion-fold expansion of cells are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences , Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA; OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences , Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA; OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang T, Teng S, Zhang Y, Wang F, Ding H, Guo L. Role of mesenchymal stem cells on differentiation in steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:669-675. [PMID: 28352349 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroids are known to inhibit osteogenic differentiation and decrease bone formation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), while concomitantly inducing steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the function of MSCs on differentiation in SANFH and investigate the pathobiological mechanisms underlying SANFH in a rabbit model. MSCs in the control, trauma-induced ANFH (TANFH) and SANFH groups were incubated with low-glucose complete Dulbeccos modified Eagles medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. A number of adipocytes in the MSCs were stained with Sudan III and counted using a light microscope. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the adipose-specific 422 (AP2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), RUNX2, collagen type I (Col I) and miR-103 in the MSCs were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. In addition, the activities of osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and triglyceride (TG) in MSCs were analyzed using radioimmunoassay and determination kits. In the MSCs of the SANFH group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of AP2 and PPARγ were increased, while those of RUNX2 and Col I were reduced. Furthermore, the levels of OC and ALP activity in the MSCs of the SANFH group were decreased, and the activity of TG in the MSCs of the SANFH group was increased. In addition, the expression of miR-103 in the MSCs of the SANFH group was elevated. Following routine culture of the MSCs for 3 weeks, the number of adipocytes among the MSC population of the SANFH group was increased. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in the SANFH was mitigated, while fat differentiation was promoted, which provides a novel explanation for the pathological changes associated with SANFH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiansheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 463 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Shoufa Teng
- Department of Orthopedics, 463 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Yingxia Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, 463 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Fa Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 463 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Haijiao Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, 463 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, 463 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Watson N, Divers R, Kedar R, Mehindru A, Mehindru A, Borlongan MC, Borlongan CV. Discarded Wharton jelly of the human umbilical cord: a viable source for mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2014; 17:18-24. [PMID: 25442786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multi-potent cells that have the capability of differentiating into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and neural cells. With these multiple capabilities, MSCs have been highly regarded as an effective transplantable cell source for regenerative medicine. A large bank of these cells can be found in several regions of the human umbilical cord, including the umbilical cord lining, the subendothelial layer, the perivascular zone and, most important, in Wharton jelly (WJ). These cells, all umbilical cord-derived MSCs, are durable, have large loading capacities and are considered ethical to harvest because the umbilical cord is often considered waste. These logistical advantages make WJ as appealing source of stem cells for transplant therapy. In particular, WJ is a predominantly good source of cells because MSCs in WJ are maintained in an early embryologic phase and therefore have retained some of the primitive stemness properties. WJ-MSCs can easily differentiate into a plethora of cell types leading to a variety of applications. In addition, WJ-MSCs are slightly easier to harvest compared with other MSCs (such as bone marrow-derived MSCs). The fascinating stemness properties and therapeutic potential of WJ-MSCs provide great promise in many aspects of regenerative medicine and should be considered for further investigations as safe and effective donor cells for transplantation therapy in many debilitating disorders, which are discussed here. We previously reviewed the therapeutic potential of WJ-MSCs and now provide an update on their recent preclinical and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nate Watson
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ryan Divers
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Roshan Kedar
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ankur Mehindru
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Anuj Mehindru
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mia C Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.
| |
Collapse
|