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Matsuda M, Itoh K, Sugai T, Hoshiyama Y, Kikuchi T, Terai S. Improving diagnostic performance of coronavirus disease 2019 rapid antigen testing through computer-based feedback training using open-source experimental psychology software. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:292-299. [PMID: 37890527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rapid antigen testing (RAT) results are visually read as whether colored line is present or absent. The subjective interpretation potentially misses detecting weak lines due to lower analyte concentration in samples tested, requiring training. Although routine test experience has improved the result readout skills, it consumes time and resources. Therefore, we created a computer-based feedback training method using open-source experimental psychology software, wherein participants accumulate RAT result readout experience by repeatedly responding positive/negative to randomly presented pictures showing RAT results; then, they receive feedback on their answers as correct or incorrect and are asked to stare at the pictures again with the knowledge of correct answer. This study aimed to examine the training effects in improving the skills, using coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) RAT. METHODS Twenty-two medical technologists were randomly divided into two groups: the feedback-training and test-experience groups. Using several pictures showing positive and negative results of COVID-19 RAT, after examination of their initial result readout skills, feedback-training group received the feedback training, whereas test-experience group performed an equal number of tests without feedback to accumulate test experience, and their skills were examined again. The ratio of "positive" answers to the pictures showing positive results (i.e., hit rate) was statistically analyzed. RESULTS The feedback-training group showed a significantly higher hit rate after their training, whereas the test-experience group did not. The feedback training effects were manifested in weak line detection. CONCLUSIONS This computer-based feedback training method can be an effective tool for improving RAT result readout skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Matsuda
- Medical Laboratory Division, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 1-754, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Itoh
- Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sugai
- Medical Laboratory Division, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 1-754, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hoshiyama
- Medical Laboratory Division, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 1-754, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kikuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Medical Laboratory Division, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 1-754, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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Wang R, Duan Y, Hu M, Liu X, Li Y, Gao Q, Tong T, Tan T. LightR-YOLOv5: A compact rotating detector for SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detection rapid diagnostic test results. DISPLAYS 2023; 78:102403. [PMID: 36937555 PMCID: PMC10011043 DOI: 10.1016/j.displa.2023.102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid testing is currently the golden reference for coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2) detection, while the SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detection rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) is an important adjunct. RDT can be widely used in the community or regional screening management as self-test tools and may need to be verified by healthcare authorities. However, manual verification of RDT results is a time-consuming task, and existing object detection algorithms usually suffer from high model complexity and computational effort, making them difficult to deploy. We propose LightR-YOLOv5, a compact rotating SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detection RDT results detector. Firstly, we employ an extremely light-weight L-ShuffleNetV2 network as a feature extraction network with a slight reduction in recognition accuracy. Secondly, we combine semantic and texture features in different layers by judiciously combining and employing GSConv, depth-wise convolution, and other modules, and further employ the NAM attention to locate the RDT result detection region. Furthermore, we propose a new data augmentation approach, Single-Copy-Paste, for increasing data samples for the specific task of RDT result detection while achieving a small improvement in model accuracy. Compared with some mainstream rotating object detection networks, the model size of our LightR-YOLOv5 is only 2.03MB, and it is 12.6%, 6.4%, and 7.3% higher in mAP@.5:.95 metrics compared to RetianNet, FCOS, and R3Det, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsheng Wang
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Rua de Luís Gonzaga Gomes, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yaofei Duan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Rua de Luís Gonzaga Gomes, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Menghan Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- John Hopcroft Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yukun Li
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Rua de Luís Gonzaga Gomes, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Qinquan Gao
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Tong Tong
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Rua de Luís Gonzaga Gomes, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
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Pighi L, Henry BM, De Nitto S, Gianfilippi G, Salvagno GL, Lippi G. Real-world assessment of the clinical performance of COVID-VIRO ALL IN rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen test. Diagnosis (Berl) 2023; 10:187-192. [PMID: 36656638 DOI: 10.1515/dx-2022-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since the external validation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antigen rapid diagnostic tests (SARS-CoV-2 RDT-Ags) is a necessary requisite before they can be introduced into routine clinical practice, this study reports the results of a real-world assessment of the clinical performance of the new COVID-VIRO ALL IN device. METHODS The study population consisted in 165 outpatients (median age: 43 years, range: 14-68 years; 66.1% females) who had paired nasal and nasopharyngeal samples collected upon hospital presentation. The samples were concomitantly tested with the AAZ-LMB COVID-VIRO ALL IN SARS-CoV-2 RDT-Ag and with Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS The number of subjects with positive RT-PCR results (i.e., mean Ct value <45) was 116 (70.3%), 109 (66.1%) and 86 (52.1%) with mean Ct values <37 and <30, respectively. In all RT-PCR positive samples, COVID-VIRO ALL IN displayed 78.8% agreement, 0.698 sensitivity, 1.000 specificity, 0.583 negative predictive value (NPV) and 1.000 positive predictive value (PPV) compared to RT-PCR. The median Ct value of samples testing positive with COVID-VIRO ALL IN was significantly lower than those testing negative (22.8 vs. 32.2; p<0.001). In samples with high viral load (i.e., Ct value <30), COVID-VIRO ALL IN displayed 92.1% agreement, 0.895 sensitivity, 0.949 specificity, 0.983 NPV and 0.951 PPV compared to RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Although the diagnostic performance of COVID-VIRO ALL IN do not exactly match those of the manufacturer, its high NPV in high viral load samples would enable fast-track and rapid identification of highly contagious subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pighi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Service of Laboratory Medicine, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Brandon M Henry
- Medical Direction, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Simone De Nitto
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Service of Laboratory Medicine, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gianfilippi
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gian Luca Salvagno
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Service of Laboratory Medicine, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Lippi G, Henry BM, Plebani M. An overview of the most important preanalytical factors influencing the clinical performance of SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs). Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:196-204. [PMID: 36343376 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Due to the many technical limitations of molecular biology, the possibility to sustain enormous volumes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnostic testing relies strongly on the use of antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs). Besides a limited analytical sensitivity, the manually intensive test procedures needed for performing these tests, very often performed by unskilled personnel or by the patients themselves, may contribute to considerably impair their diagnostic accuracy. We provide here an updated overview on the leading preanalytical drawbacks that may impair SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDT accuracy, and which encompass lower diagnostic sensitivity in certain age groups, in asymptomatic subjects and those with a longer time from symptoms onset, in vaccine recipients, in individuals not appropriately trained to their usage, in those recently using oral or nasal virucidal agents, in oropharyngeal swabs and saliva, as well as in circumstances when instructions provided by the manufacturers are unclear, incomplete or scarcely readable and intelligible. Acknowledging these important preanalytical limitations will lead the way to a better, more clinically efficient and even safer use of this important technology, which represents an extremely valuable resource for management of the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- IFCC Task Force on COVID-19, Milan, Italy
- IFCC Working Group on SARS-COV-2 Variants, Milan, Italy
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Brandon M Henry
- IFCC Task Force on COVID-19, Milan, Italy
- IFCC Working Group on SARS-COV-2 Variants, Milan, Italy
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mario Plebani
- IFCC Working Group on SARS-COV-2 Variants, Milan, Italy
- University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Favresse J, Douxfils J, Henry B, Lippi G, Plebani M. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine celebrates 60 years – narrative review devoted to the contribution of the journal to the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 61:811-821. [PMID: 36420539 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This review is an integral part of the special issue for the 60 years of the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM). The aim of the review is to highlight the role of the clinical laboratory since the emergence of the “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2), which causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with special focus on the contribution of the journal in generating knowledge in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. As of October 30, 2022, a total of 186 CCLM publications were dedicated to COVID-19. Of importance, major International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) guidelines related to the diagnosis of COVID-19 were published in CCLM. Between early-2020 and late October 2022, COVID-19 publications represented around 27% of all articles in CCLM, highlighting the willingness of the editorial board to help the field in order to better describe and diagnose this new emerging disease. First launched in 1963 under the name “Zeitschrift für Klinische Chemie”, the Journal was entirely devoted to clinical chemistry in the strict sense. The various topics published in relation to COVID-19 including its diagnosis, its impact on biochemical or hematological measures, as well as biosafety measures, is the perfect example that shows that the journal has greatly diversified over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Favresse
- IFCC SARS-CoV-2 Variants Working Group , Verona , Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine , Clinique St-Luc Bouge , Namur , Belgium
- Department of Pharmacy , Namur Research Institute for Lifes Sciences, University of Namur , Namur , Belgium
| | - Jonathan Douxfils
- Department of Pharmacy , Namur Research Institute for Lifes Sciences, University of Namur , Namur , Belgium
- Qualiblood s.a. , Namur , Belgium
| | - Brandon Henry
- IFCC SARS-CoV-2 Variants Working Group , Verona , Italy
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- IFCC SARS-CoV-2 Variants Working Group , Verona , Italy
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- IFCC SARS-CoV-2 Variants Working Group , Verona , Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine , University-Hospital of Padova , Padova , Italy
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