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Tan XT, Amran FB, Thayan R, Ahmad N, Jaafar R, Haron R, Abdullah R, bin Shamsuddin SR, Md. Riffin NSB, Abdul-Rahman PS. Potential serum biomarkers associated with mild and severe leptospirosis infection: A cohort study in the Malaysian population. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2141-2149. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ting Tan
- Bacteriology Unit; Institute for Medical Research; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Fairuz binti Amran
- Bacteriology Unit; Institute for Medical Research; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Ravindran Thayan
- Virology Unit; Institute for Medical Research; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Norazah Ahmad
- Bacteriology Unit; Institute for Medical Research; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Roslinda Jaafar
- Microbiology Unit; Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah; Pahang Malaysia
| | - Rahimah Haron
- Department of Anesthesiology; Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah; Pahang Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Abdullah
- Department of Medical; Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah; Pahang Malaysia
| | | | | | - Puteri Shafinaz Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Andersen CBF, Stødkilde K, Sæderup KL, Kuhlee A, Raunser S, Graversen JH, Moestrup SK. Haptoglobin. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:814-831. [PMID: 27650279 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) is an abundant human plasma protein that tightly captures hemoglobin (Hb) during hemolysis. The Hb-Hp complex formation reduces the oxidative properties of heme/Hb and promotes recognition by the macrophage scavenger receptor CD163. This leads to Hb-Hp breakdown and heme catabolism by heme oxygenase and biliverdin reductase. Gene duplications of a part of or the entire Hp gene in the primate evolution have led to variant Hp gene products that collectively may be designated "the haptoglobins (Hps)" as they all bind Hb. These variant products include the human-specific multimeric Hp phenotypes in individuals, which are hetero- or homozygous for an Hp2 gene allele. The Hp-related protein (Hpr) is another Hp duplication product in humans and other primates. Alternative functions of the variant Hps are indicated by numerous reports on association between Hp phenotypes and disease as well as the elucidation of a specific role of Hpr in the innate immune defense. Recent Advances: Recent functional and structural information on Hp and receptor systems for Hb removal now provides insight on how Hp carries out essential functions such as the Hb detoxification/removal, and how Hpr, by acting as an Hp-lookalike, can sneak a lethal toxin into trypanosome parasites that cause mammalian sleeping sickness. Critical Issues and Future Directions: The new structural insight may facilitate ongoing attempts of developing Hp derivatives for prevention of Hb toxicity in hemolytic diseases such as sickle cell disease and other hemoglobinopathies. Furthermore, the new structural knowledge may help identifying yet unknown functions based on other disease-relevant biological interactions involving Hps. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 814-831.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kirstine Lindhardt Sæderup
- 2 Cancer and Inflammation, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark , Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anne Kuhlee
- 3 Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology , Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- 3 Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology , Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jonas H Graversen
- 2 Cancer and Inflammation, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark , Odense C, Denmark
| | - Søren Kragh Moestrup
- 1 Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus , Aarhus C, Denmark .,2 Cancer and Inflammation, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark , Odense C, Denmark .,4 Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital , Odense C, Denmark
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Shteinberg M, Rivlin J, Gur M, Konopnicki M, Stein N, Tunney MM, Elborn JS, Downey DG, Johnston E, Shalom H, Levy A. Lack of Association Between Haptoglobin Phenotype and Cystic Fibrosis Outcomes. Lung 2015; 193:1017-21. [PMID: 26370551 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-015-9801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp), a heme-Iron chelator, has different isoforms which are associated with variable tendency toward infections: Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1, and Hp 2-2. Cystic fibrosis (CF) outcomes are variable and influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine whether Hp phenotype influenced disease severity in CF. One hundred forty-two CF patients from two centers were analyzed for Haptoglobin phenotype using gel electrophoresis of hemoglobin enriched serum. Clinical and microbiological data including bacterial colonization status, lung function, presence of CF-related diabetes and liver disease, rate of exacerbation, and mortality were compared between Hp phenotype groups. We found a trend toward less mucoid PA among Hp 2-2 (20.4 %) compared with Hp 1-1 and Hp 2-1 individuals (33.3 %), p = 0.317. Hp 2-2 individuals also had less antibiotic courses, and lower inflammatory markers without statistical significance. Haptoglobin phenotype is unlikely to be an important modifier of CF phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Shteinberg
- CF Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. .,Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK. .,The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. .,Pulnonary Institute, Carmel Medical Center, 7 Michal St., 3463209, Haifa, Israel.
| | | | - Michal Gur
- CF Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Nili Stein
- CF Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Hadar Shalom
- The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andrew Levy
- The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Zaworski EM, Shriver-Munsch CM, Fadden NA, Sanchez WK, Yoon I, Bobe G. Effects of feeding various dosages of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:3081-98. [PMID: 24612807 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Feeding 56 versus 0 g/d of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP; Diamond V Original XP; Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) can increase feed intake and milk production in transition dairy cows. To evaluate the effects of various dosages of SCFP, Holstein cows were given individually a supplement containing 0 (n=14), 56 (n=15), or 112 g (n=13) of SCFP daily during morning lockup as a topdressing to their total mixed ration. The supplement consisted of 0, 56, or 112 g of SCFP mixed with 84 g of molasses and 168, 112, or 56 g of corn meal, respectively. Supplement feeding began 28 d before predicted calving date (no less than 14 d) and ended 28 d postpartum, and supplement intake was evaluated daily. Blood samples were collected at d -21, -14, -7, -3, -1, 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 to measure serum concentrations of macrominerals, metabolites, acute-phase proteins, immunoglobulin, and hormones. Milk weights were measured and milk samples were collected 2 times/wk on nonconsecutive days and analyzed for milk fat, protein, lactose, and somatic cell count (SCC). During the first day after calving, feeding SCFP versus no SCFP decreased serum cortisol concentrations and at least tended to increase supplement intake and serum concentrations of calcium, glucose, urea N, and serum amyloid A. During the first 4 wk postpartum, feeding SCFP versus no SCFP decreased milk SCC and increased milk production and serum phosphorus concentrations. Feeding 112 versus 56 g of SCFP/d did not show additional effects. Feeding SCFP may have a dosage-independent beneficial effect in supporting the physiologic adaptations after parturition, resulting in higher milk production and lower milk SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Zaworski
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - C M Shriver-Munsch
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - N A Fadden
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | | | - I Yoon
- Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA 52404
| | - G Bobe
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331.
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Costa MM, Dos Anjos Lopes ST, França RT, da Silva AS, Paim FC, Palma HE, Maciel RM, Dornelles GL, de Azevedo MI, Tonin AA, Santurio JM, Duarte MMMF, Monteiro SG. Role of acute phase proteins in the immune response of rabbits infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:182-8. [PMID: 23462620 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the response of acute phase proteins (APP) in rabbits experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi), and to relate the findings with serum immunoglobulins levels, in order to verify the relation between APP and the immune response of rabbits. A total of 12 animals were used in this experiment and divided into 2 groups, control and infected, of six rabbits each. The experimental period was 118 days, and blood was collected on days 0, 5, 20, 35, 65, 95 and 118 post-infection (PI). The infection with T. evansi stimulated APP and immunoglobulins production, once the infected animals showed an increase in C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, alpha 2-macroglobulin and IgM levels. The elevation in IgM levels observed in this study, when related to the increase in C-reactive protein and haptoglobin levels, suggests the involvement of these proteins in host defense against flagellated protozoa, with possible participation in the control of the parasitemia in rabbits infected with T. evansi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Machado Costa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria - RS, Brazil.
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A genome-wide association study identifies rs2000999 as a strong genetic determinant of circulating haptoglobin levels. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32327. [PMID: 22403646 PMCID: PMC3293812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Haptoglobin is an acute phase inflammatory marker. Its main function is to bind hemoglobin released from erythrocytes to aid its elimination, and thereby haptoglobin prevents the generation of reactive oxygen species in the blood. Haptoglobin levels have been repeatedly associated with a variety of inflammation-linked infectious and non-infectious diseases, including malaria, tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C, diabetes, carotid atherosclerosis, and acute myocardial infarction. However, a comprehensive genetic assessment of the inter-individual variability of circulating haptoglobin levels has not been conducted so far. We used a genome-wide association study initially conducted in 631 French children followed by a replication in three additional European sample sets and we identified a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs2000999 located in the Haptoglobin gene (HP) as a strong genetic predictor of circulating Haptoglobin levels (Poverall = 8.1×10−59), explaining 45.4% of its genetic variability (11.8% of Hp global variance). The functional relevance of rs2000999 was further demonstrated by its specific association with HP mRNA levels (β = 0.23±0.08, P = 0.007). Finally, SNP rs2000999 was associated with decreased total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 8,789 European children (Ptotal cholesterol = 0.002 and PLDL = 0.0008). Given the central position of haptoglobin in many inflammation-related metabolic pathways, the relevance of rs2000999 genotyping when evaluating haptoglobin concentration should be further investigated in order to improve its diagnostic/therapeutic and/or prevention impact.
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Speeckaert R, Van Vlierberghe H, Troisi R, De Bacquer D, Speeckaert MM, De Buyzere ML, Claeys L, de Hemptinne B, Delanghe JR. Donor haptoglobin phenotype determines outcome following liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2011; 24:619-26. [PMID: 21401731 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) is a polymorphic plasma protein with multiple functions defined by three major phenotypes (Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1, and Hp 2-2). In this article, the effects of the donor Hp phenotype (determined by starch gel electrophoresis) on the outcome and the iron status after liver transplantation were investigated. A total of 450 liver transplant patients were enrolled in this study with a median follow-up of 37 months. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression survival analyses showed a significantly worse graft survival for liver transplantation cases with an Hp 2-2 donor phenotype, which was associated with an increased mortality rate in this group. In male patients, the Hp 2-2 phenotype was associated with higher serum ferritin concentrations, which may be linked to the significantly increased likelihood of infectious complications in this phenotype. Liver transplant patients with Hp 1-1 and Hp 2-1 grafts had a better outcome probability than recipients of an Hp 2-2 graft, which may be explained by differences in iron metabolism induced by the Hp genotype of the graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhart Speeckaert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 85, Gent, Belgium
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Kasvosve I, Speeckaert MM, Speeckaert R, Masukume G, Delanghe JR. Haptoglobin polymorphism and infection. Adv Clin Chem 2010; 50:23-46. [PMID: 20521439 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2423(10)50002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The haptoglobin gene is highly polymorphic in humans with strong evidence of functionally distinct biochemical phenotypes. In all human populations, three major haptoglobin phenotypes Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1, and Hp 2-2 are present, but additional phenotypes have been identified. Haptoglobin polymorphism has important biological and clinical significance. In this review, we examine the putative role of haptoglobin polymorphism in parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections. Despite many striking effects of haptoglobin polymorphism in infectious conditions, the effects of haptoglobin genetic variation upon infections are not always predictable due to the multifunctional character of the plasma protein (e.g., antibody-like properties, immunomodulation, iron metabolism). More studies on the interplay of haptoglobin polymorphism, vaccination, and susceptibility or resistance to common infections seem warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishmael Kasvosve
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Wicher KB, Fries E. Convergent Evolution of Human and Bovine Haptoglobin: Partial Duplication of the Genes. J Mol Evol 2007; 65:373-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00239-007-9002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wasserzug O, Blum S, Klement E, Lejbkowicz F, Miller-Lotan R, Levy AP. Haptoglobin 1-1 genotype and the risk of life-threatening streptococcus infection: Evolutionary implications. J Infect 2007; 54:410. [PMID: 16815553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2006] [Revised: 05/07/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Morton DJ, VanWagoner TM, Seale TW, Whitby PW, Stull TL. Differential utilization by Haemophilus influenzae of haemoglobin complexed to the three human haptoglobin phenotypes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 46:426-32. [PMID: 16553817 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2006.00052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae has an absolute requirement for heme, which may be supplied as the haemoglobin-haptoglobin complex. Utilization of haemoglobin-haptoglobin by H. influenzae is mediated by a family of proteins termed the haemoglobin-haptoglobin binding proteins (Hgps), of which a given strain may contain up to four genes. Human haptoglobin occurs in three phenotypes (1-1, 2-1 and 2-2). Using mutant derivatives of an H. influenzae type b strain that expressed single Hgps we analysed the ability of each Hgp to utilize haemoglobin complexed to the various haptoglobin phenotypes. A strain expressing only HgpB was able to utilize haemoglobin bound to all haptoglobin phenotypes significantly better than strains expressing either HgpA or HgpC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Morton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Levy AP, Hochberg I, Jablonski K, Resnick HE, Lee ET, Best L, Howard BV. Haptoglobin phenotype is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in individuals with diabetes: The Strong Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40:1984-90. [PMID: 12475459 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to determine if the haptoglobin phenotype was predictive of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetic mellitus (DM). BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the most frequent, severe, and costly complication of type 2 DM. There are clear geographic and ethnic differences in the risk of CVD among diabetic patients that cannot be fully explained by differences in conventional CVD risk factors. We have demonstrated that a functional allelic polymorphism in the haptoglobin gene acts as a major determinant of susceptibility for the development of diabetic microvascular complications. METHODS We sought to determine if this paradigm concerning the haptoglobin gene could be extended to CVD in DM. We tested this hypothesis in a case-control sample from the Strong Heart study, a population-based longitudinal study of CVD in American Indians. Haptoglobin phenotype was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 206 CVD cases and 206 matched controls age 45 to 74 years. Median follow-up was six years. RESULTS In multivariate analyses controlling for conventional CVD risk factors, haptoglobin phenotype was a highly statistically significant, independent predictor of CVD in DM. The odds ratio of having CVD in DM with the haptoglobin 2-2 phenotype was 5.0 times greater than in DM with the haptoglobin 1-1 phenotype (p = 0.002). An intermediate risk of CVD was associated with the haptoglobin 2-1 phenotype. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that determination of haptoglobin phenotype may contribute to the algorithm used in CVD risk stratification, and in evaluation of new therapies to prevent CVD in the diabetic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Levy
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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