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Rabti H, Amrane M, Lalaouna A, Flilissa A, Benguerba Y. Optimization and validation of a bioanalytical HPLC-UV technique for simultaneous determination of underivatized phenylalanine and tyrosine in the blood for phenylketonuria diagnosis and monitoring. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5758. [PMID: 37795814 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a fast, accurate, and precise high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection method for simultaneous analysis of underivatized phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (Tyr) in biological samples. Separation of the analytes was accomplished using a Discovery HS F5-3 column, which offered better retention and peak symmetry for the tested analytes. Chromatographic conditions were optimized using central composite experimental design, and three factors were investigated: the concentration of ammonium acetate (A), the acetonitrile proportion in the mobile phase (B) and the column oven temperature (C). The approach was verified using β-expectation tolerance intervals for total error measurement that did not exceed 15%. Optimal settings were A = 50 mm, B = 24% and C = 28°C. The method applicability was determined using human plasma from 75 volunteers. The limits of detection and quantification of the technique were satisfactory at 9 and 29 μm for Phe and 4 and 13 μm for Tyr. The mean analytical bias in spiking levels was acceptable, ranging from -1.649 to +1.659% for both substances, with RSD <5% in all instances. The suggested approach was successfully used to analyze Phe and Tyr in human blood samples and calculate the Phe/Tyr ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadjira Rabti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases with Genetic and Nutritional Origin (LMCGN), Ferhat Abbas-Setif 1 University, Setif, Algeria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, Salah Boubnider-Constantine 3 University, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Mounira Amrane
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases with Genetic and Nutritional Origin (LMCGN), Ferhat Abbas-Setif 1 University, Setif, Algeria
- Mokhtari Abdelghani Cancer Center, Elbez, Setif, Algeria
| | - Abdeldjalil Lalaouna
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Salah Boubnider-Constantine 3 University, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Abdenacer Flilissa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases with Genetic and Nutritional Origin (LMCGN), Ferhat Abbas-Setif 1 University, Setif, Algeria
| | - Yacine Benguerba
- Biopharmacy and Pharmatechnie Laboratory (LBPT), Ferhat ABBAS University- Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
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Laštovičková L, Kopčil M, Kanďár R. Dried blood spot as an alternative sample for screening of fatty acids, amino acids, and keto acids metabolism in humans. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5431. [PMID: 35732590 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The dried blood spot is a simple and non-invasive sample collection technique allowing self-collection at home. It can be used as an alternative sample for the screening of metabolism in humans since changes in the levels of some fatty acids, amino acids, and keto acids can be associated with metabolic disorders (for example diabetes mellitus). In this study we optimized three different methods that are sensitive enough for the determination of above-mentioned analytes from a small volume of a biological material in dried blood spot. In total 20 amino acids, 5 keto acids, and 24 fatty acids were determined. This sample technique was applied to prepare samples from 60 individuals by a finger prick. Samples were analysed with chromatographic methods and acquired data were statistically evaluated. Even though most analytes were higher in men, only 5 amino acids, 3 keto acids and 8 fatty acids showed significant gender-dependency (α = 0.05). Asparagine, serine, α- and γ-linolenic acids showed significant age-dependency (α = 0.05). The most of statistically significant correlations were positive and were found within one category. This work shows that because of many benefits, the dried blood spot sample could be a good alternative to whole blood sample collection for the screening of metabolism in humans in general or in individualised medicine. The chromatographic methods can be used in the next research, for example to set reference range or plasma-correction factors (various aspects as age or gender should be considered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Laštovičková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kopčil
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Kanďár
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Qi C, Li W, Shi Q, Zhao LL, Jin W, Zhe Min J. Determination of N-acetyl-DL-leucine in the saliva of healthy volunteers and diabetic patients using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 526:66-73. [PMID: 34971571 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have indicated that N-acetyl-leucine (N-Ac-Leu) is a potential biomarker of diabetes. This study aimed to measure the levels of enantiomers of the chiral molecule N-Ac-DL-Leu in the saliva of patients with type 2 diabetes and further determine the potential association between them. METHOD A novel validated method was established using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with fluorescence (FL) detection, in which precolumn derivatization of (R)-(-)-4-(N, N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-(3-aminopyrrolidin-l-yl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole [(R)-(-)-DBD-APy] was used for the simultaneous determination and chiral separation of N-Ac-DL-Leu in human saliva. RESULTS The labeled N-Ac-DL-Leu diastereomers were completely separated, with a resolution value of 1.93. Additionally, excellent linearity for N-Ac-DL-Leu was observed, with high coefficients of correlation (r2 ≥ 0.9999) in the range of 10-300 μM; the limit of quantitation (signal-to-noise ratio=10) was 40-120 pmol/mL, and the mean recoveries of N-Ac-L-Leu and N-Ac-D-Leu were 102.48% and 104.68%, respectively. The levels of N-Ac-Leu in the saliva of diabetic patients and healthy volunteers were determined, and it was found that the levels of N-Ac-DL-Leu in the saliva of diabetic patients were significantly lower than those in healthy volunteers. (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The proposed method was successfully applied for the measurement of N-Ac-DL-Leu enantiomers in the saliva of diabetic patients and healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Department of Endocrinology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, Province, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Department of Endocrinology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, Province, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Department of Endocrinology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, Province, China
| | - Li-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Department of Endocrinology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, Province, China
| | - Wenlong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Department of Endocrinology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, Province, China.
| | - Jun Zhe Min
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Department of Endocrinology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, Province, China.
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Piestansky J, Matuskova M, Cizmarova I, Olesova D, Mikus P. Determination of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Food Supplements and Human Plasma by a CE-MS/MS Method with Enhanced Resolution. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158261. [PMID: 34361026 PMCID: PMC8348851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the presented study, a capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry method combining high separation efficiency and sensitive detection has been developed and validated, for the first time, to quantify branched chain amino acids (valine, isoleucine, leucine) in commercial food and sport supplement samples and human plasma samples. The separations were performed in a bare fused silica capillary. The background electrolyte was composed of 500 mM formic acid with pH 2.0. The plasma sample pretreatment was realized by simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Injection of a short zone of highly basic electrolyte before the sample injection and application of the negative pressure on the separation were accompanied by enhanced resolution of the isobaric amino acids—isoleucine and leucine. The developed method was characterized by favorable validation parameters, such as linearity (r2 > 0.99), accuracy and precision, the limit of detection, lower limit of quantification, or robustness. These parameters were more than sufficient for the quantification of branched chain amino acids in various samples. The determined concentrations of branched chain amino acids in food and sports supplements were in very good agreement with the content declared by the manufacturer. The investigated concentrations of branched chain amino acids were in the range 294.68–359.24 µM for valine, 91.76–95.67 µM for isoleucine, and 196.78–251.24 µM for leucine. These concentrations fall within the physiological limits. The developed CE-MS/MS method represents a suitable alternative to traditional approaches used in branched chain amino acid quality control and bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Piestansky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (I.C.)
- Toxicologic and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (P.M.); Tel.: +421-2-50-117-250 (J.P.); +421-2-50-117-243 (P.M.)
| | - Michaela Matuskova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Ivana Cizmarova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Dominika Olesova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Science, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (I.C.)
- Toxicologic and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (P.M.); Tel.: +421-2-50-117-250 (J.P.); +421-2-50-117-243 (P.M.)
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Fedorova EN, Varlamova DO, Kivero AD, Guk KD, Ptitsyn LR. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) for the determination of organic acids – The intermediates of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli strains. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1832894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Biswas D, Tozer K, Dao KT, Perez LJ, Mercer A, Brown A, Hossain I, Yip AM, Aguiar C, Motawea H, Brunt KR, Shea J, Legare JF, Hassan A, Kienesberger PC, Pulinilkunnil T. Adverse Outcomes in Obese Cardiac Surgery Patients Correlates With Altered Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolism in Adipose Tissue and Heart. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:534. [PMID: 32903728 PMCID: PMC7438793 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Predicting relapses of post-operative complications in obese patients who undergo cardiac surgery is significantly complicated by persistent metabolic maladaptation associated with obesity. Despite studies supporting the linkages of increased systemic branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) driving the pathogenesis of obesity, metabolome wide studies have either supported or challenged association of circulating BCAAs with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Objective: We interrogated whether BCAA catabolic changes precipitated by obesity in the heart and adipose tissue can be reliable prognosticators of adverse outcomes following cardiac surgery. Our study specifically clarified the correlation between BCAA catabolizing enzymes, cellular BCAAs and branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs) with the severity of cardiometabolic outcomes in obese patients pre and post cardiac surgery. Methods: Male and female patients of ages between 44 and 75 were stratified across different body mass index (BMI) (non-obese = 17, pre-obese = 19, obese class I = 14, class II = 17, class III = 12) and blood, atrial appendage (AA), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) collected during cardiac surgery. Plasma and intracellular BCAAs and BC ketoacids (BCKAs), tissue mRNA and protein expression and activity of BCAA catabolizing enzymes were assessed and correlated with clinical parameters. Results: Intramyocellular, but not systemic, BCAAs increased with BMI in cardiac surgery patients. In SAT, from class III obese patients, mRNA and protein expression of BCAA catabolic enzymes and BCKA dehydrogenase (BCKDH) enzyme activity was decreased. Within AA, a concomitant increase in mRNA levels of BCAA metabolizing enzymes was observed, independent of changes in BCKDH protein expression or activity. BMI, indices of tissue dysfunction and duration of hospital stay following surgery correlated with BCAA metabolizing enzyme expression and metabolite levels in AA and SAT. Conclusion: This study proposes that in a setting of obesity, dysregulated BCAA catabolism could be an effective surrogate to determine cardiac surgery outcomes and plausibly predict premature re-hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipsikha Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Kathleen Tozer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Khoi T. Dao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Lester J. Perez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Angella Mercer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Amy Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Intekhab Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Alexandra M. Yip
- New Brunswick Heart Centre, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Christie Aguiar
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, NB, Canada
- New Brunswick Heart Centre, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Hany Motawea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Keith R. Brunt
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, NB, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Jennifer Shea
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Saint John, NB, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Jean F. Legare
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, NB, Canada
- New Brunswick Heart Centre, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Ansar Hassan
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, NB, Canada
- New Brunswick Heart Centre, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Petra C. Kienesberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Thomas Pulinilkunnil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, NB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Thomas Pulinilkunnil
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Determination of Branched-Chain Keto Acids in Serum and Muscles Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010147. [PMID: 29324714 PMCID: PMC6017427 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs) are derivatives from the first step in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and can provide important information on animal health and disease. Here, a simple, reliable and effective method was developed for the determination of three BCKAs (α-ketoisocaproate, α-keto-β-methylvalerate and α-ketoisovalerate) in serum and muscle samples using high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF/MS). The samples were extracted using methanol and separated on a 1.8 μm Eclipse Plus C18 column within 10 min. The mobile phase was 10 mmol L−1 ammonium acetate aqueous solution and acetonitrile. The results showed that recoveries for the three BCKAs ranged from 78.4% to 114.3% with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 9.7%. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.06~0.23 μmol L−1 and 0.09~0.27 nmol g−1 for serum and muscle samples, respectively. The proposed method can be applied to the determination of three BCKAs in animal serum and muscle samples.
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8
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Liu J, Yan A, Yang Y, Wan YQ. Determination of 4-Hydroxyphenyllactic Acid in Human Urine by Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction and High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1175468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Liu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Aiping Yan
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yongli Yang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi-Qun Wan
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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9
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Dong W, Zhou M, Dong M, Pan B, Liu Y, Shao J, Gu X, Huang Y, Li G, Wang Y, Sun H. Keto acid metabolites of branched-chain amino acids inhibit oxidative stress-induced necrosis and attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 101:90-98. [PMID: 27832938 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Branched chain α-keto acids (BCKAs) are endogenous metabolites of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). BCAA and BCKA are significantly elevated in pathologically stressed heart and contribute to chronic pathological remodeling and dysfunction. However, their direct impact on acute cardiac injury is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that elevated BCKAs significantly attenuated ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and preserved post I/R function in isolated mouse hearts. BCKAs protected cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress-induced cell death in vitro. Mechanistically, BCKA protected oxidative stress induced cell death by inhibiting necrosis without affecting apoptosis or autophagy. Furthermore, BCKAs, but not BCAAs, protected mitochondria and energy production from oxidative injury. Finally, administration of BCKAs during reperfusion was sufficient to significantly attenuate cardiac I/R injury. These findings uncover an unexpected role of BCAA metabolites in cardioprotection against acute ischemia/reperfusion injury, and demonstrate the potential use of BCKA treatment to preserve ischemic tissue during reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Meiyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Bangfen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yunxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine and Physiology, Molecular Biology Institute, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Haipeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine and Physiology, Molecular Biology Institute, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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10
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Kühnreich R, Holzgrabe U. Impurity profiling of l-methionine by HPLC on a mixed mode column. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 122:118-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Wessels AG, Kluge H, Hirche F, Kiowski A, Schutkowski A, Corrent E, Bartelt J, König B, Stangl GI. High Leucine Diets Stimulate Cerebral Branched-Chain Amino Acid Degradation and Modify Serotonin and Ketone Body Concentrations in a Pig Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150376. [PMID: 26930301 PMCID: PMC4773154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to its role as an essential protein component, leucine (Leu) displays several other metabolic functions such as activation of protein synthesis. This property makes it an interesting amino acid for the therapy of human muscle atrophy and for livestock production. However, Leu can stimulate its own degradation via the branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDH). To examine the response of several tissues to excessive Leu, pigs were fed diets containing two- (L2) and four-fold (L4) higher Leu contents than the recommended amount (control). We found that the L4 diet led to a pronounced increase in BCKDH activity in the brain (2.5-fold, P < 0.05), liver (1.8-fold, P < 0.05) and cardiac muscle (1.7-fold, P < 0.05), whereas we found no changes in enzyme activity in the pancreas, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and intestinal mucosa. The L2 diet had only weak effects on BCKDH activity. Both high Leu diets reduced the concentrations of free valine and isoleucine in nearly all tissues. In the brain, high Leu diets modified the amount of tryptophan available: for serotonin synthesis. Compared to the controls, pigs treated with the high Leu diets consumed less food, showed increased plasma concentrations of 3-hydroxybutyrate and reduced levels of circulating serotonin. In conclusion, excessive Leu can stimulate BCKDH activity in several tissues, including the brain. Changes in cerebral tryptophan, along with the changes in amino acid-derived metabolites in the plasma may limit the use of high Leu diets to treat muscle atrophy or to increase muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Wessels
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Holger Kluge
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frank Hirche
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andreas Kiowski
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexandra Schutkowski
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Jörg Bartelt
- Lohmann Animal Nutrition GmbH, 27472, Cuxhaven, Germany
| | - Bettina König
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gabriele I. Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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12
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Holecek M, Siman P, Vodenicarovova M, Kandar R. Alterations in protein and amino acid metabolism in rats fed a branched-chain amino acid- or leucine-enriched diet during postprandial and postabsorptive states. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:12. [PMID: 26877757 PMCID: PMC4751732 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many people believe in favourable effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, leucine, and isoleucine), especially leucine, on muscle protein balance and consume BCAAs for many years. We determined the effects of the chronic intake of a BCAA- or leucine-enriched diet on protein and amino acid metabolism in fed and postabsorptive states. Methods Rats were fed a standard diet, a diet with a high content of valine, leucine, and isoleucine (HVLID), or a high content of leucine (HLD) for 2 months. Half of the animals in each group were sacrificed in the fed state on the last day, and the other half were sacrificed after overnight fast. Protein synthesis was assessed using the flooding dose method (L-[3,4,5-3H]phenylalanine), proteolysis on the basis of chymotrypsin-like activity (CHTLA) of proteasome and cathepsin B and L activities. Results Chronic intake of HVLID or HLD enhanced plasma levels of urea, alanine and glutamine. HVLID also increased levels of all three BCAA and branched-chain keto acids (BCKA), HLD increased leucine, ketoisocaproate and alanine aminotransferase and decreased valine, ketovaline, isoleucine, ketoisoleucine, and LDL cholesterol. Tissue weight and protein content were lower in extensor digitorum longus muscles in the HLD group and higher in kidneys in the HVLID and HLD groups. Muscle protein synthesis in postprandial state was higher in the HVLID group, and CHTLA was lower in muscles of the HVLID and HLD groups compared to controls. Overnight starvation enhanced alanine aminotransferase activity in muscles, and decreased protein synthesis in gastrocnemius (in HVLID group) and extensor digitorum longus (in HLD group) muscles more than in controls. Effect of HVLID and HLD on CHTLA in muscles in postabsorptive state was insignificant. Conclusions The results failed to demonstrate positive effects of the chronic consumption of a BCAA-enriched diet on protein balance in skeletal muscle and indicate rather negative effects from a leucine-enriched diet. The primary effects of both diets are an activated catabolism of BCAAs, which leads to an enhanced production of BCKA, alanine and glutamine and their utilization in visceral tissues and an impaired protein synthesis in postabsorptive state, particularly in fast-twitch (white) muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holecek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove, 500 38 Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Siman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Melita Vodenicarovova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove, 500 38 Czech Republic
| | - Roman Kandar
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Forteschi M, Sotgia S, Assaretti S, Arru D, Cambedda D, Sotgiu E, Zinellu A, Carru C. Simultaneous determination of aromatic amino acids in human blood plasma by capillary electrophoresis with UV-absorption detection. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1794-9. [PMID: 25736071 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, also known as aromatic amino acids, are involved in many physiological and pathophysiological conditions and are indicative of the liver and kidney function. In this work, we describe a simple and accurate method for their simultaneous quantification, in a single capillary electrophoresis run. This method requires minimal sample manipulation, no derivatization procedures, and methyl tryptophan as internal standard. The human blood plasma sample was precipitated using sulfosalicylic acid and the supernatant was used for the analysis. All the analytes were baseline resolved within 16 min and detected at 200 nm using Tris phosphate 80 mmol/L at pH 1.4 as the background electrolyte. The proposed method showed good linearity (r = 0.998) and repeatability (intra-assay RSD < 2.78%, interassay RSD < 5.4%) for all the analytes. The limit of quantification was 13 μmol/L for phenylalanine and 5 μmol/L for tyrosine and tryptophan. The method suitability was tested measuring aromatic amino acids level in 20 chronic kidney disease patients at basal level and after simvastatin/ezetimibe treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Forteschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Assaretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Dionigia Arru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Debora Cambedda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Sotgiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Quality Control Unit, Hospital University of Sassari (AOU), Sassari, Italy
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Voluntary exercise under a food restriction condition decreases blood branched-chain amino acid levels, in addition to improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism, in db mice, animal model of type 2 diabetes. Environ Health Prev Med 2014; 19:339-47. [PMID: 25085431 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-014-0400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exercise is effective for preventing the onset and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in human cases; however, the effect of exercise on the pathophysiology using animal models of T2DM has not been fully evaluated. METHODS We applied voluntary exercise under pair-fed (P) conditions in db mice, an animal model of T2DM. Exercising (Ex) and sedentary (Se) mice were placed in a cage, equipped with a free or locked running wheel, for 4 weeks, respectively. The amount of food consumed by ad libitum-fed wild-type mice under the Se condition (ad-WT) was supplied to all mice, except ad libitum db mice (ad-db). Blood parameters and expression of the genes involved in nutrient metabolism were analyzed. RESULTS PEx-db (pair-fed and exercising) mice showed significantly lower HbA1c, body weight and liver weight than PSe-db and ad-db mice. Decreased hepatic triglycerides in PEx-db mice corresponded to a lower expression of lipogenic enzyme genes in the liver. Moreover, PEx-db mice showed significantly lower plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), arginine, proline, and tyrosine, in addition to increased skeletal muscle (SM) weight, than PSe-db and ad-db mice, in spite of little influence on the expression of the BCAA transaminase gene, in SM and WAT. CONCLUSION We found that exercise under a food restriction condition decreases several amino acids, including BCAA, and may improve insulin sensitivity more than mere food restriction. We propose that the decreased concentration of blood amino acids may be a valuable marker evaluating the effects of exercise on diabetic conditions.
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Pecce R, Scolamiero E, Ingenito L, Parenti G, Ruoppolo M. Optimization of an HPLC method for phenylalanine and tyrosine quantization in dried blood spot. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1892-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lackey DE, Lynch CJ, Olson KC, Mostaedi R, Ali M, Smith WH, Karpe F, Humphreys S, Bedinger DH, Dunn TN, Thomas AP, Oort PJ, Kieffer DA, Amin R, Bettaieb A, Haj FG, Permana P, Anthony TG, Adams SH. Regulation of adipose branched-chain amino acid catabolism enzyme expression and cross-adipose amino acid flux in human obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E1175-87. [PMID: 23512805 PMCID: PMC3680678 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00630.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated blood branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are often associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, which might result from a reduced cellular utilization and/or incomplete BCAA oxidation. White adipose tissue (WAT) has become appreciated as a potential player in whole body BCAA metabolism. We tested if expression of the mitochondrial BCAA oxidation checkpoint, branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) complex, is reduced in obese WAT and regulated by metabolic signals. WAT BCKD protein (E1α subunit) was significantly reduced by 35-50% in various obesity models (fa/fa rats, db/db mice, diet-induced obese mice), and BCKD component transcripts significantly lower in subcutaneous (SC) adipocytes from obese vs. lean Pima Indians. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes or mice with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists increased WAT BCAA catabolism enzyme mRNAs, whereas the nonmetabolizable glucose analog 2-deoxy-d-glucose had the opposite effect. The results support the hypothesis that suboptimal insulin action and/or perturbed metabolic signals in WAT, as would be seen with insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, could impair WAT BCAA utilization. However, cross-tissue flux studies comparing lean vs. insulin-sensitive or insulin-resistant obese subjects revealed an unexpected negligible uptake of BCAA from human abdominal SC WAT. This suggests that SC WAT may not be an important contributor to blood BCAA phenotypes associated with insulin resistance in the overnight-fasted state. mRNA abundances for BCAA catabolic enzymes were markedly reduced in omental (but not SC) WAT of obese persons with metabolic syndrome compared with weight-matched healthy obese subjects, raising the possibility that visceral WAT contributes to the BCAA metabolic phenotype of metabolically compromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise E Lackey
- Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Fast and quantitative analysis of branched-chain amino acids in biological samples using a pillar array column. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7993-9. [PMID: 23708693 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a fast and quantitative determination method for branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), namely leucine, isoleucine, and valine, was developed using a pillar array column. A pillar array column with low-dispersion turns was fabricated on a 20 × 20-mm(2) microchip using multistep ultraviolet photolithography and deep reactive ion etching. The BCAAs were fluorescently labeled with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F), followed by reversed-phase separation on the pillar array column. The NBD derivatives of the three BCAAs and an internal standard (6-aminocaproic acid) were separated in 100 s. The calibration curves for the NBD-BCAAs had good linearity in the range of 0.4-20 μM, using an internal standard. The intra- and interday precisions were found to be in the ranges of 1.42-3.80 and 2.74-6.97%, respectively. The accuracies for the NBD-BCAA were from 90.2 to 99.1%. The method was used for the analysis of sports drink and human plasma samples. The concentrations of BCAAs determined by the developed method showed good agreements with those determined using a conventional high-performance liquid chromatography system. As BCAAs are important biomarkers of some diseases, these results showed that the developed method could be a potential diagnostic tool in clinical research.
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18
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Olson KC, Chen G, Lynch CJ. Quantification of branched-chain keto acids in tissue by ultra fast liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2013; 439:116-22. [PMID: 23684523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs) are associated with increased susceptibility to several degenerative diseases. However, BCKA concentrations in tissues or the amounts of tissue available are frequently at the limit of detection for standard plasma methods. To accurately and quickly determine tissue BCKAs, we have developed a sensitive ultra fast liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS) method. BCKAs from deproteinized tissue extractions were o-phenylenediamine (OPD) derivatized, ethyl acetate extracted, lyophilized in a vacuum centrifuge, and reconstituted in 200 mM ammonium acetate. Samples were injected onto a Shimadzu UFLC system coupled to an AB-Sciex 5600 Triple TOF mass spectrometer instrument that detected masses of the OPD BCKA products using a multiple reaction monitoring method. An OPD-derivatized (13)C-labeled keto acid was used as an internal standard. Application of the method for C57BL/6J (wild-type) and PP2Cm knockout mouse tissues, including kidney, adipose tissue, liver, gastrocnemius, and hypothalamus, is shown. The lowest tissue concentration measured by this method was 20 nM, with the standard curve covering a wide range (7.8-32,000 nM). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry run times for this assay were less than 5 min, facilitating high throughput, and the OPD derivatives were found to be stable over several days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine C Olson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Leucine and protein metabolism in obese Zucker rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59443. [PMID: 23527196 PMCID: PMC3603883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are circulating nutrient signals for protein accretion, however, they increase in obesity and elevations appear to be prognostic of diabetes. To understand the mechanisms whereby obesity affects BCAAs and protein metabolism, we employed metabolomics and measured rates of [1-14C]-leucine metabolism, tissue-specific protein synthesis and branched-chain keto-acid (BCKA) dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC) activities. Male obese Zucker rats (11-weeks old) had increased body weight (BW, 53%), liver (107%) and fat (∼300%), but lower plantaris and gastrocnemius masses (−21–24%). Plasma BCAAs and BCKAs were elevated 45–69% and ∼100%, respectively, in obese rats. Processes facilitating these rises appeared to include increased dietary intake (23%), leucine (Leu) turnover and proteolysis [35% per g fat free mass (FFM), urinary markers of proteolysis: 3-methylhistidine (183%) and 4-hydroxyproline (766%)] and decreased BCKDC per g kidney, heart, gastrocnemius and liver (−47–66%). A process disposing of circulating BCAAs, protein synthesis, was increased 23–29% by obesity in whole-body (FFM corrected), gastrocnemius and liver. Despite the observed decreases in BCKDC activities per gm tissue, rates of whole-body Leu oxidation in obese rats were 22% and 59% higher normalized to BW and FFM, respectively. Consistently, urinary concentrations of eight BCAA catabolism-derived acylcarnitines were also elevated. The unexpected increase in BCAA oxidation may be due to a substrate effect in liver. Supporting this idea, BCKAs were elevated more in liver (193–418%) than plasma or muscle, and per g losses of hepatic BCKDC activities were completely offset by increased liver mass, in contrast to other tissues. In summary, our results indicate that plasma BCKAs may represent a more sensitive metabolic signature for obesity than BCAAs. Processes supporting elevated BCAA]BCKAs in the obese Zucker rat include increased dietary intake, Leu and protein turnover along with impaired BCKDC activity. Elevated BCAAs/BCKAs may contribute to observed elevations in protein synthesis and BCAA oxidation.
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Thakkar R, Saravaia H, Ambasana M, Shah A. ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOME KETO-ANALOGUES OF ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID CALCIUM SALT USED IN SEVERE RENAL FAILURE. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.629385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakshit Thakkar
- a Department of Chemistry , National Facility for Drug Discovery through NCE's Development & Instrumentation Support to SMPE's, Saurashtra University , Rajkot , Gujarat , India
| | - Hitesh Saravaia
- a Department of Chemistry , National Facility for Drug Discovery through NCE's Development & Instrumentation Support to SMPE's, Saurashtra University , Rajkot , Gujarat , India
| | - Mrunal Ambasana
- a Department of Chemistry , National Facility for Drug Discovery through NCE's Development & Instrumentation Support to SMPE's, Saurashtra University , Rajkot , Gujarat , India
| | - Anamik Shah
- a Department of Chemistry , National Facility for Drug Discovery through NCE's Development & Instrumentation Support to SMPE's, Saurashtra University , Rajkot , Gujarat , India
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Jeong JS, Sim HJ, Lee YM, Yoon HR, Kwon HJ, Hong SP. Chromatographic diagnosis of maple syrup urine disease by measuring the l-alloisoleucine/l-phenylalanine ratio in dried blood spots. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2171-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Li Y, Tang AG, Mu S. HPLC–FLD determination of serum aromatic amino acids: Application in chronic kidney disease patients. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1032-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sowell J, Pollard L, Wood T. Quantification of branched-chain amino acids in blood spots and plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the diagnosis of maple syrup urine disease. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:631-9. [PMID: 21328532 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) have an inherited metabolic disorder resulting in a deficiency in the branched-chain keto-acid dehydrogenase complex. As a result, these individuals have elevated concentrations of the branched-chain amino acids valine, isoluecine, allo-isoleucine, and leucine. MSUD presents in the first few days of life and progression may lead to irreversible intellectual disability, coma, cerebral edema, and death. However, early diagnosis and intervention can mitigate or eliminate many of the potential adverse effects. Consequently, it is important to develop techniques to screen for MSUD. We have developed an LC-MS/MS assay for the diagnosis of MSUD. The method is amenable to high-throughput formats due to the minimal sample prep required. The assay was shown to be robust, precise, and accurate. Finally, we identified and addressed some of the problems associated with working with bloodspots and implemented satisfactory approaches to overcoming these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Sowell
- Biochemical Genetics, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA.
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Holecek M, Kandar R, Sispera L, Kovarik M. Acute hyperammonemia activates branched-chain amino acid catabolism and decreases their extracellular concentrations: different sensitivity of red and white muscle. Amino Acids 2010; 40:575-84. [PMID: 20614225 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperammonemia is considered to be the main cause of decreased levels of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), valine, leucine, and isoleucine, in liver cirrhosis. In this study we investigated whether the decrease in BCAA is caused by the direct effect of ammonia on BCAA metabolism and the effect of ammonia on BCAA and protein metabolism in different types of skeletal muscle. M. soleus (SOL, slow-twitch, red muscle) and m. extensor digitorum longus (EDL, fast-twitch, white muscle) of white rat were isolated and incubated in a medium with or without 500 μM ammonia. We measured the exchange of amino acids between the muscle and the medium, amino acid concentrations in the muscle, release of branched-chain keto acids (BCKA), leucine oxidation, total and myofibrillar proteolysis, and protein synthesis. Hyperammonemia inhibited the BCAA release (81% in SOL and 60% in EDL vs. controls), increased the release of BCKA (133% in SOL and 161% in EDL vs. controls) and glutamine (138% in SOL and 145% in EDL vs. controls), and increased the leucine oxidation in EDL (174% of controls). Ammonia also induced a significant increase in glutamine concentration in skeletal muscle. The effect of ammonia on intracellular BCAA concentration, protein synthesis and on total and myofibrillar proteolysis was insignificant. The data indicates that hyperammonemia directly affects the BCAA metabolism in skeletal muscle which results in decreased levels of BCAA in the extracellular fluid. The effect is associated with activated synthesis of glutamine, increased BCAA oxidation, decreased release of BCAA, and enhanced release of BCKA. These metabolic changes are not directly associated with marked changes in protein turnover. The effect of ammonia is more pronounced in muscles with high content of white fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holecek
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, 500 38, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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