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Chalvon-Demersay T, Luise D, Le Floc'h N, Tesseraud S, Lambert W, Bosi P, Trevisi P, Beaumont M, Corrent E. Functional Amino Acids in Pigs and Chickens: Implication for Gut Health. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:663727. [PMID: 34113671 PMCID: PMC8185281 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.663727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In pigs and broiler chickens, the gastrointestinal tract or gut is subjected to many challenges which alter performance, animal health, welfare and livability. Preventive strategies are needed to mitigate the impacts of these challenges on gut health while reducing the need to use antimicrobials. In the first part of the review, we propose a common definition of gut health for pig and chickens relying on four pillars, which correspond to the main functions of the digestive tract: (i) epithelial barrier and digestion, (ii) immune fitness, (iii) microbiota balance and (iv) oxidative stress homeostasis. For each pillar, we describe the most commonly associated indicators. In the second part of the review, we present the potential of functional amino acid supplementation to preserve and improve gut health in piglets and chickens. We highlight that amino acid supplementation strategies, based on their roles as precursors of energy and functional molecules, as signaling molecules and as microbiota modulators can positively contribute to gut health by supporting or restoring its four intertwined pillars. Additional work is still needed in order to determine the effective dose of supplementation and mode of administration that ensure the full benefits of amino acids. For this purpose, synergy between amino acids, effects of amino acid-derived metabolites and differences in the metabolic fate between free and protein-bound amino acids are research topics that need to be furtherly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Bosi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martin Beaumont
- GenPhySE, Université De Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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Star L, Tesseraud S, van Tol M, Minussi I, Corrent E, Lambert W. Production performance and plasma metabolite concentrations of broiler chickens fed low crude protein diets differing in Thr and Gly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:472-480. [PMID: 34258435 PMCID: PMC8245817 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to test the interaction between Thr and Gly in low crude protein (CP) diets in 7 to 28 d broilers on production performance and plasma metabolites. A total of 2,040 broilers were allocated to 17 treatments. A positive control (PC) diet (20.5% CP) was formulated to be adequate in dietary Thr and Gly. A negative control (NC) diet (18.5% CP, deficient in Thr and Gly) was supplemented with crystalline l-Thr and Gly to obtain a 4 Thr × 4 Gly design. Dietary Thr was tested at an apparent faecal digestibility (AFD) Thr-to-Lys ratio, which was 55%, 58%, 61% or 64%, and dietary Gly was tested at an AFD (Gly + Ser)-to-Lys ratio, which was 135%, 142%, 149% or 156%. Plasma samples were collected at 28 d. The low CP diet, formulated at 64% Thr and 156% Gly, resulted in a higher body weight gain (BWG) (P < 0.01) and similar feed conversion ratio (FCR) as the high CP treatment (PC). FCR was improved (P < 0.001) by l-Thr supplementation. Quadratic response to dietary Thr was significant for feed intake (FI), BWG and FCR (P < 0.01). A near-significant interaction for Thr × Gly was observed for FI and BWG (Plinear = 0.091 and P = 0.074, respectively). Gly did not affect production performance. An interaction between Thr × Gly on plasma free AA level was observed (P < 0.05). Free AA concentration in plasma linearly decreased with increase in AFD Thr-to-Lys ratio, and increased with increase in AFD (Gly + Ser)-to-Lys ratio. Plasma uric acid concentration was higher in PC than in all of the other diets, and plasma triglyceride concentration was decreased by l-Thr supplementation, but not by Gly. In conclusion, Gly was not limiting for growth at low dietary CP level unless Thr was deficient, showing that adequate amounts of Thr in broiler diets can overcome marginal supply of Gly and Ser and allow reduction of dietary CP from 20.5% to 18.5% for broilers from 7 to 28 d of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Star
- Schothorst Feed Research, Meerkoetenweg 26, 8218 NA Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marije van Tol
- Orffa Additives B.V., Vierlinghstraat 51, 4251 LC Werkendam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilaria Minussi
- Ajinomoto Animal Nutrition Europe, 32 rue Guersant, 75017 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Corrent
- Ajinomoto Animal Nutrition Europe, 32 rue Guersant, 75017 Paris, France
| | - William Lambert
- Ajinomoto Animal Nutrition Europe, 32 rue Guersant, 75017 Paris, France
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Vieira da Silva I, P. Soares B, Pimpão C, M. A. Pinto R, Costa T, Freire JPB, Corrent E, Chalvon-Demersay T, Prates JAM, Lopes PA, Soveral G. Glutamine and cystine-enriched diets modulate aquaporins gene expression in the small intestine of piglets. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245739. [PMID: 33465153 PMCID: PMC7815100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of glycerol permeability in the gastrointestinal tract is crucial to control fat deposition, lipolysis and gluconeogenesis. Knowing that the amino acid glutamine is a physiological regulator of gluconeogenesis, whereas cystine promotes adiposity, herein we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with glutamine and cystine on the serum biochemical parameters of piglets fed on amino acid-enriched diets, as well as on the transcriptional profile of membrane water and glycerol channels aquaporins (AQPs) in the ileum portion of the small intestine and its impact on intestinal permeability. Twenty male piglets with an initial body weight of 8.8 ± 0.89 kg were allocated to four dietary treatments (n = 5) and received, during a four week-period, a basal diet without supplementation (control) or supplemented with 8 kg/ton of glutamine (Gln), cystine (Cys) or the combination of the two amino acids in equal proportions (Gln + Cys). Most biochemical parameters were found improved in piglets fed Gln and Cys diet. mRNA levels of AQP3 were found predominant over the others. Both amino acids, individually or combined, were responsible for a consistent downregulation of AQP1, AQP7 and AQP10, without impacting on water permeability. Conversely, Cys enriched diet upregulated AQP3 enhancing basolateral membranes glycerol permeability and downregulating glycerol kinase (GK) of intestinal cells. Altogether, our data reveal that amino acids dietary supplementation can modulate intestinal AQPs expression and unveil AQP3 as a promising target for adipogenesis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Vieira da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Dept. Bioquímica e Biologia Humana, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bárbara P. Soares
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Dept. Bioquímica e Biologia Humana, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pimpão
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Dept. Bioquímica e Biologia Humana, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui M. A. Pinto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- JCS, Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Dr. Joaquim Chaves, Algés, Portugal
| | - Teresa Costa
- Indukern Portugal, Lda., Centro Empresarial Sintra Estoril II, Sintra, Portugal
| | - João P. B. Freire
- LEAF—Linking Engineering, Agriculture and Food, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia de Biossistemas, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - José A. M. Prates
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Lopes
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail: (PAL); (GS)
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Dept. Bioquímica e Biologia Humana, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail: (PAL); (GS)
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Remus A, Hauschild L, Létourneau-Montminy MP, Corrent E, Pomar C. The ideal protein profile for late-finishing pigs in precision feeding systems: Threonine. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Millet S, Aluwé M, Le Gall E, Corrent E, Lambert W, De Sutter J, Ampe B, De Campeneere S. PSIII-30 The standardised ileal lysine requirement for optimal performance of piglets between 4 and 9 weeks of age. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Millet
- Flanders research institute for agriculture, fisheries and food (ILVO),Melle, Belgium
| | - M Aluwé
- Flanders research institute for agriculture, fisheries and food (ILVO),Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - E Le Gall
- Ajinomoto Eurolysine S.A.S.,Paris, France
| | - E Corrent
- Ajinomoto Eurolysine S.A.S.,Paris, France
| | - W Lambert
- Ajinomoto Eurolysine S.A.S.,Paris, France
| | | | - B Ampe
- Flanders research institute for agriculture, fisheries and food (ILVO),Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S De Campeneere
- Flanders research institute for agriculture, fisheries and food (ILVO),Merelbeke, Belgium
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Le Floc'h N, Simongiovanni A, Corrent E, Matte JJ. Comparison of plasma tryptophan-related metabolites in crossbred Piétrain and Duroc pigs. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:1606-1613. [PMID: 28464103 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides being incorporated into proteins, Trp, an indispensable AA, is involved in numerous metabolic pathways. Previous data showed that Trp conversion into kynurenine (Kyn) and nicotinamide (Nam) differs among studies, and such differences cannot be explained by different dietary niacin supplies. We hypothesized that pig genotype influences Trp metabolism and thus the conversion of Trp into its metabolites. The objective of this study was to compare plasma appearance of Trp and related metabolites in 12 Duroc and 12 Piétrain crossbred postweaning pigs fed 2 contrasting dietary Trp levels. Within each genotype, 6 pigs were fed a basal (B-Trp: 17% and 15% standardized ileal digestible [SID] Trp:Lys for starter and prestarter diets) or supplemented (S-Trp: 24% and 23% SID Trp:Lys for starter and prestarter diets) Trp diet. Growth was monitored, and plasma fasted concentrations were measured over 4 wk, and then pigs were fitted with a jugular catheter for frequent blood samplings. After overnight fasting, 350 g of the experimental diets were offered to each pig, and plasma concentrations of Trp, Kyn, Nam, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were measured for 6 h. The activities of Trp-degrading enzymes were measured in different tissues collected after pig slaughtering. Plasma Trp fasted concentrations did not differ between B-Trp and S-Trp diets and increased from weaning to 2 and 4 wk after weaning for Piétrain but not for Duroc crossbred pigs (time × genotype, = 0.001). Plasma Kyn concentrations were greater 4 wk after weaning ( = 0.002) than at weaning and for Piétrain compared to Duroc genetics ( = 0.008). Plasma Nam concentrations were greater for pigs fed the S-Trp diet than for those fed the B-Trp diet ( = 0.0001) and for Duroc than for Piétrain genetic lines ( = 0.001); this difference tends to be greater at weaning than after ( = 0.055). Our data showed an increase in plasma concentrations of Trp, Kyn, Nam, and 5-HT according to time after a meal and to the dietary Trp content. However, postprandial plasma concentrations of Trp metabolites and enzyme activities were not significantly different between Duroc and Piétrain crossbred pigs. In conclusion, our results suggest that Nam endogenous synthesis capacity from Trp is greater in Duroc than in Piétrain crossbred pigs, but this was apparent only at weaning.
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Le Floc’h N, Simongiovanni A, Corrent E, Matte JJ. Comparison of plasma tryptophan-related metabolites in crossbred Piétrain and Duroc pigs. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Soumeh EA, Hedemann MS, Corrent E, van Milgen J, Nørgaard JV. Potential of blood biomarkers to estimate optimum amino acid requirements for pig growth. Anim Prod Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/anv57n12ab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Soumeh EA, Hedemann MS, Poulsen HD, Corrent E, van Milgen J, Nørgaard JV. Nontargeted LC-MS Metabolomics Approach for Metabolic Profiling of Plasma and Urine from Pigs Fed Branched Chain Amino Acids for Maximum Growth Performance. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4195-4207. [PMID: 27704848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic response in plasma and urine of pigs when feeding an optimum level of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) for best growth performance is unknown. The objective of the current study was to identify the metabolic phenotype associated with the BCAAs intake level that could be linked to the animal growth performance. Three dose-response studies were carried out to collect blood and urine samples from pigs fed increasing levels of Ile, Val, or Leu followed by a nontargeted LC-MS approach to characterize the metabolic profile of biofluids when dietary BCAAs are optimum for animal growth. Results showed that concentrations of plasma hypoxanthine and tyrosine (Tyr) were higher while concentrations of glycocholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, and taurocholic acid were lower when the dietary Ile was optimum. Plasma 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid and creatine were lower when dietary Leu was optimum. The optimum dietary Leu resulted in increased urinary excretion of ascorbic acid and choline and relatively decreased excretion of 2-aminoadipic acid, acetyl-dl-valine, Ile, 2-methylbutyrylglycine, and Tyr. In conclusion, plasma glycocholic acid and taurocholic acid were discriminating metabolites to the optimum dietary Ile. The optimum dietary Leu was associated with reduced plasma creatine and urinary 2-aminoadipic acid and elevated urinary excretion of ascorbic acid and choline. The optimum dietary Val had a less pronounced metabolic response reflected in plasma or urine than other BCAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham A Soumeh
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum , DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mette S Hedemann
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum , DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Hanne D Poulsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum , DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jan V Nørgaard
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum , DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Molist F, Pijlman J, van der Aar PJ, Rovers M, Ensink J, Corrent E. Effect of low crude protein diets on growth performance and carcass characteristics of grower-finisher pigs. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wessels AG, Kluge H, Hirche F, Kiowski A, Bartelt J, Corrent E, Stangl GI. High leucine intake reduces the concentration of hypothalamic serotonin in piglets1. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Wessels
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - H. Kluge
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - F. Hirche
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - A. Kiowski
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - J. Bartelt
- Lohmann Animal Nutrition GmbH, D-27472 Cuxhaven, Germany
| | - E. Corrent
- Ajinomoto Eurolysine S.A.S., F-75817 Paris Cedex 17, France
| | - G. I. Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Matte JJ, Corrent E, Simongiovanni A, Le Floc'h N. Tryptophan metabolism, growth responses, and postprandial insulin metabolism in weaned piglets according to the dietary provision of niacin (vitamin B3) and tryptophan1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1961-71. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wessels AG, Kluge H, Hirche F, Kiowski A, Schutkowski A, Corrent E, Bartelt J, König B, Stangl GI. High Leucine Diets Stimulate Cerebral Branched-Chain Amino Acid Degradation and Modify Serotonin and Ketone Body Concentrations in a Pig Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150376. [PMID: 26930301 PMCID: PMC4773154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to its role as an essential protein component, leucine (Leu) displays several other metabolic functions such as activation of protein synthesis. This property makes it an interesting amino acid for the therapy of human muscle atrophy and for livestock production. However, Leu can stimulate its own degradation via the branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDH). To examine the response of several tissues to excessive Leu, pigs were fed diets containing two- (L2) and four-fold (L4) higher Leu contents than the recommended amount (control). We found that the L4 diet led to a pronounced increase in BCKDH activity in the brain (2.5-fold, P < 0.05), liver (1.8-fold, P < 0.05) and cardiac muscle (1.7-fold, P < 0.05), whereas we found no changes in enzyme activity in the pancreas, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and intestinal mucosa. The L2 diet had only weak effects on BCKDH activity. Both high Leu diets reduced the concentrations of free valine and isoleucine in nearly all tissues. In the brain, high Leu diets modified the amount of tryptophan available: for serotonin synthesis. Compared to the controls, pigs treated with the high Leu diets consumed less food, showed increased plasma concentrations of 3-hydroxybutyrate and reduced levels of circulating serotonin. In conclusion, excessive Leu can stimulate BCKDH activity in several tissues, including the brain. Changes in cerebral tryptophan, along with the changes in amino acid-derived metabolites in the plasma may limit the use of high Leu diets to treat muscle atrophy or to increase muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Wessels
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Holger Kluge
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frank Hirche
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andreas Kiowski
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexandra Schutkowski
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Jörg Bartelt
- Lohmann Animal Nutrition GmbH, 27472, Cuxhaven, Germany
| | - Bettina König
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gabriele I. Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Soumeh EA, van Milgen J, Sloth NM, Corrent E, Poulsen HD, Nørgaard JV. The optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible leucine to lysine for 8 to 12 kg female pigs1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:2218-24. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Soumeh
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | | | - N. M. Sloth
- Pig Research Centre, Agro Food Park 15, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - E. Corrent
- Ajinomoto Eurolysine S.A.S., F-75817 Paris Cedex 17, France
| | - H. D. Poulsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - J. V. Nørgaard
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Trevisi P, Corrent E, Mazzoni M, Messori S, Priori D, Gherpelli Y, Simongiovanni A, Bosi P. Effect of added dietary threonine on growth performance, health, immunity and gastrointestinal function of weaning pigs with differing genetic susceptibility to Escherichia coli infection and challenged with E. coli K88ac. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 99:511-20. [PMID: 24965751 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Threonine (Thr) is important for mucin and immunoglobulin production. We studied the effect of added dietary Thr on growth performance, health, immunity and gastrointestinal function of weaning pigs with differing genetic susceptibility to E. coli K88ac (ETEC) infection and challenged with ETEC. Forty-eight 24-day-old weaned pigs were divided into two groups by their ETEC susceptibility using mucin 4 (MUC4) gene as a marker (2 MUC4(-/-) , not-susceptible, and 2 MUC4(+/+) , susceptible, pigs per litter). Within genotype, pigs were fed two different diets: 8.5 (LThr) or 9.0 (HThr) g Thr/kg. Pigs were orally challenged on day 7 after weaning and slaughtered on day 12 or 13 after weaning. Before ETEC challenge, HThr pigs ate more (p < 0.05). The diet did not affect post-challenge growth, but HThr tended to increase post-challenge feed efficiency (p = 0.087) and overall growth (p = 0.087) and feed efficiency (p = 0.055). Before challenge, HThr pigs excreted less E. coli (p < 0.05), while after challenge, diet did not affect the number of days with diarrhoea and ETEC excretion. MUC4(+/+) pigs responded to the challenge with more diarrhoea, ETEC excretion and anti-K88 IgA in blood and jejunal secretion (p < 0.001). HThr pigs had a higher increase of anti-K88 IgA values in jejunal secretion (p = 0.089) and in blood (p = 0.089, in MUC4(+/+) pigs only). Thr did not affect total IgA and IgM values, morphometry of jejunum, goblet cells count in colon, total mucin from jejunum and colon, but varied jejunal goblet cells counts (p < 0.05). In the first two post-weaning weeks, 8.5 g Thr/kg diet may be not sufficient to optimize initial feed intake, overall feed efficiency and intestinal IgA secretion and to control the gut microbiota in the first post-weaning week, irrespective of the pig genetic susceptibility to ETEC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Trevisi
- DISTAL, University of Bologna, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Gloaguen M, Le Floc'h N, Corrent E, Primot Y, van Milgen J. The use of free amino acids allows formulating very low crude protein diets for piglets1. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:637-44. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gloaguen
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - N. Le Floc'h
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - E. Corrent
- AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S., F-75817 Paris Cedex 17, France
| | - Y. Primot
- AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S., F-75817 Paris Cedex 17, France
| | - J. van Milgen
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Nørgaard JV, Shrestha A, Krogh U, Sloth NM, Blaabjerg K, Poulsen HD, Tybirk P, Corrent E. Isoleucine requirement of pigs weighing 8 to 18 kg fed blood cell–free diets1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:3759-65. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. V. Nørgaard
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - A. Shrestha
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - U. Krogh
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - N. M. Sloth
- Pig Research Centre, Agro Food Park 15, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - K. Blaabjerg
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - H. D. Poulsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - P. Tybirk
- Pig Research Centre, Agro Food Park 15, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - E. Corrent
- Ajinomoto Eurolysine S.A.S., F-75817 Paris Cedex 17, France
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18
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Gloaguen M, Le Floc'h N, Primot Y, Corrent E, van Milgen J. Response of piglets to the standardized ileal digestible isoleucine, histidine and leucine supply in cereal-soybean meal-based diets. Animal 2013; 7:901-8. [PMID: 23228192 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731112002339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the amino acid (AA) profile of the diet by using l-Lys, l-Thr, dl-Met, l-Trp and l-Val helps to reduce the dietary CP content, thereby reducing nitrogen excretion while maintaining the performance of pigs. Valine is the fifth limiting AA in cereal-soybean meal-based diets. The extent to which the CP content in the diet can be reduced further without compromising performance depends on the requirement of the next limiting AA. In cereal-soybean meal-based diets, Ile, His and Leu may be the limiting AAs after Val, although information on the requirements for these AAs is scarce. Six experiments were conducted to determine the effect of supplementing a low-CP diet with l-Ile, l-His and l-Leu on the performance of pigs weighing 10 to 20 kg. Experiment 1 was designed to determine the most limiting AA with respect to performance among Ile, His and Leu. A diet 10% deficient in Ile, Leu and His relative to the National Research Council (NRC, 1998) requirement estimates tended to decrease daily feed intake and daily gain by 6% and 8%, respectively. A 10% deficiency in His alone had no effect, whereas a 10% deficiency in Ile or Leu slightly reduced daily feed intake and gain. In the remaining experiments, the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Ile : Lys, His : Lys and Leu : Lys requirements were estimated. In Experiments 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, 14 blocks of six pigs each were assigned to six levels of SID Ile : Lys (40%, 43%, 46%, 49%, 52% and 55%), His : Lys (20%, 24%, 28%, 32%, 36% and 40%), His : Lys (21%, 24%, 27%, 30%, 33% and 36%), Leu : Lys (70%, 78%, 86%, 94%, 102% and 110%) and Leu : Lys (80%, 90%, 100%, 110%, 120% and 130%), respectively. Across experiments, the estimated SID Ile : Lys, His : Lys and Leu : Lys requirements for maximizing daily gain were 49%, 32% and 102%, respectively, using a curvilinear plateau model. When Ile, His and Leu levels were 10% below the requirement estimate, daily gain was reduced by 9%, 3% and 3%, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the Ile requirement estimate is lower than the current NRC requirement estimate, whereas the Leu and His requirements correspond to those proposed by the NRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gloaguen
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France
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19
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Gloaguen M, Le Floc'h N, Corrent E, Primot Y, Val-Laillet D, Meunier-Salaün MC, van Milgen J. Meal patterns in relation to the supply of branched-chain amino acids in pigs1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:292-7. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gloaguen
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Rennes, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France
- AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S., F-75817 Paris Cedex 17, France
| | - N. Le Floc'h
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Rennes, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - E. Corrent
- AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S., F-75817 Paris Cedex 17, France
| | - Y. Primot
- AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S., F-75817 Paris Cedex 17, France
| | - D. Val-Laillet
- AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S., F-75817 Paris Cedex 17, France
| | - M. C. Meunier-Salaün
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Rennes, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - J. van Milgen
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Rennes, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Trevisi P, Corrent E, Messori S, Formica S, Priori D, Bosi P. Supplementary tryptophan downregulates the expression of genes induced by the gut microbiota in healthy weaned pigs susceptible to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4. Livest Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gloaguen M, Le Floc'h N, Corrent E, Primot Y, van Milgen J. Providing a diet deficient in valine but with excess leucine results in a rapid decrease in feed intake and modifies the postprandial plasma amino acid and α-keto acid concentrations in pigs. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:3135-42. [PMID: 22585822 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Indispensable AA are involved in the control of feed intake. When a diet deficient in Val is offered to pigs, feed intake is typically reduced. This effect is aggravated when dietary Leu is supplied in excess of the requirement. If an unbalanced supply of branched-chain AA (BCAA) is harmful, an anorectic response may serve as a mechanism to prevent this situation. We verified this hypothesis by measuring the voluntary feed intake of a balanced diet offered during the 30-min period 1 h after ingestion of a test meal deficient or not in Val (Val- and Val+) with an excess of Leu. Twelve and four 6-wk-old crossbred female pigs were used in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Prior ingestion of the Val- test meal resulted in a 14% reduction in feed intake compared with that observed after ingestion of the Val+ test meal (P = 0.06) in Exp. 1, indicating that the signal to reduce feed intake occurred within 1 h. It is possible that the plasma concentration of the limiting AA serves as a signal for the dietary AA deficiency. We therefore determined the postprandial plasma concentrations of BCAA and their α-keto acids after ingestion of Val- and Val+ in 4 pigs in Exp. 2. After ingestion of the Val- diet, plasma concentrations of Val and its keto acid were reduced compared with values observed after ingestion of the Val+ diet. The peak concentration occurred earlier after ingestion of the Val- diet compared with that of the Val+ diet. Although the plasma concentration increased after the meal, it declined rapidly in pigs offered Val-, and the Val concentration 4 h after ingestion of the meal was even less than that observed in the fasted state. In conclusion, it appears that the pig is able to detect a deficient supply of Val within 1 h after ingestion. The plasma concentration of Val or its concentration relative to the other BCAA during the postprandial period may act as a signal indicating the AA deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gloaguen
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Rennes, France
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Star L, Rovers M, Corrent E, van der Klis J. Threonine requirement of broiler chickens during subclinical intestinal Clostridium infection. Poult Sci 2012; 91:643-52. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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