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Darebna P, Spicka J, Kucera R, Topolcan O, Navratilova E, Ruzicka V, Volny M, Novak P, Pompach P. Detection and Quantification of Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin by MALDI-Compatible Protein Chips Prepared by Ambient Ion Soft Landing. Clin Chem 2018; 64:1319-1326. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.285452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Transferrin is synthetized in the liver and is the most important iron-transport carrier in the human body. Severe alcohol consumption leads to alterations in glycosylation of transferrin. Mass spectrometry can provide fast detection and quantification of transferrin isoforms because they have different molecular masses. In this study, we used antibody chips in combination with MALDI-TOF MS for the detection and quantification of transferrin isoforms.
METHODS
Protein chips were prepared by functionalization of indium tin oxide glass using ambient ion soft landing of electrosprayed antitransferrin antibody. Two microliters of patient serum was applied on the antibody-modified spots, and after incubation, washing, and matrix deposition, transferrin isoforms were detected by MALDI-TOF MS. Peak intensities of each transferrin form were used to calculate total carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT). The CDT values obtained by the MALDI chip method were compared with the results obtained by a standard capillary electrophoresis (CE).
RESULTS
The chip-based MALDI-TOF MS method was used for enrichment and detection of CDT from human serum. A sample cohort from 186 patients was analyzed. Of these samples, 44 were positively identified as belonging to alcoholic patients, whereas 142 were negative by the MALDI chip approach. The correlation of the data obtained by the CE and the chip-based MALDI was r = 0.986, 95% CI.
CONCLUSIONS
Functionalized MALDI chips modified by antitransferrin antibody prepared by ambient ion soft landing were successfully used for detection and quantification of CDT from human sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Darebna
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Spicka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kucera
- Department of Immunochemistry, University Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Topolcan
- Department of Immunochemistry, University Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Michael Volny
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- AffiPro, s.r.o., Mratin, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novak
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- AffiPro, s.r.o., Mratin, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pompach
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- AffiPro, s.r.o., Mratin, Czech Republic
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Andresen-Streichert* H, Müller* A, Glahn A, Skopp* G, Sterneck* M. Alcohol Biomarkers in Clinical and Forensic Contexts. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 115:309-315. [PMID: 29807559 PMCID: PMC5987059 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers of alcohol consumption are important not only in forensic contexts, e.g., in child custody proceedings or as documentation of alcohol abstinence after temporary confiscation of a driver's license. They are increasingly being used in clinical medicine as well for verification of abstinence or to rule out the harmful use of alcohol. METHODS This review is based on pertinent publications that were retrieved by a selective literature search in PubMed concerning the direct and indirect alcohol markers discussed here, as well as on the authors' experience in laboratory analysis and clinical medicine. RESULTS Alongside the direct demonstration of ethanol, the available markers of alcohol consumption include the classic indirect markers carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) as well as direct alcohol markers such as ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) in serum and urine and EtG and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) in hair. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a promising parameter that com - plements the existing spectrum of tests with high specificity (48-89%) and sensi - tivity (88-100%). In routine clinical practice, the demonstration of positive alcohol markers often leads patients to admit previously denied alcohol use. This makes it possible to motivate the patient to undergo treatment for alcoholism. CONCLUSION The available alcohol biomarkers vary in sensitivity and specificity with respect to the time period over which they indicate alcohol use and the minimum extent of alcohol use that they can detect. The appropriate marker or combination of markers should be chosen in each case according to the particular question that is to be answered by laboratory analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilke Andresen-Streichert*
- * These authors share the position of the first/last author
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Alcohology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Müller*
- * These authors share the position of the first/last author
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Alcohology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisela Skopp*
- * These authors share the position of the first/last author
- Forensisch Toxikologisches Centrum München GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Sterneck*
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Caslavska J, Thormann W. Monitoring of transferrin isoforms in biological samples by capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:303-322. [PMID: 28885776 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Work dealing with the monitoring of transferrin isoforms in human serum and other body fluids by capillary electrophoresis is reviewed. It comprises capillary zone electrophoresis and capillary isoelectric focusing efforts that led to the exploration and use of assays for the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker for excessive alcohol intake, genetic variants of transferrin, congenital disorders of glycosylation and β-2-transferrin, which is a marker for cerebrospinal fluid leakage. This paper provides insight into the development, specifications, strengths, weaknesses, and routine use of the currently known capillary electrophoresis based assays suitable to detect transferrin isoforms in body fluids. The achievements reached so far indicate that capillary zone electrophoresis is an attractive technology to monitor the molecular forms of transferrin in biological specimens as the assays do not require an elaborate sample pretreatment and thus can be fully automated for high-throughput analyses on multicapillary instruments. Assays based on capillary isoelectric focusing are less attractive. They require immunoextraction of transferrin from the biological matrix and mobilization after focusing if instrumentation with a whole-column imaging detector is not available. Interactions of the carrier ampholytes with the iron of transferrin may prevent iron saturation and thus provide more complicated isoform patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Caslavska
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Thormann
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Bortolotti F, Sorio D, Bertaso A, Tagliaro F. Analytical and diagnostic aspects of carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT): A critical review over years 2007-2017. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 147:2-12. [PMID: 28912047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The need for investigating alcohol abuse by means of objective tools is worldwide accepted. Among the currently available biomarkers of chronic alcohol abuse, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is one of the most used indicator, mainly because of its high specificity. However, some CDT analytical and interpretation aspects are still under discussion, as witnessed by numerous research papers and reviews. The present article presents a critical review of the literature on CDT appeared in the period from 2007 to 2017 (included). The article is organized in the following sections: (1) introduction, (2) pre-analytical aspects (3) analytical aspects (4) diagnostic aspects (5) concluding remarks. As many as 139 papers appeared in the international literature and retrieved by the search engines PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus are quoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bortolotti
- Dept of Diagnostics and Public Health, Unit of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona, Italy.
| | - D Sorio
- Dept of Diagnostics and Public Health, Unit of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
| | - A Bertaso
- Dept of Diagnostics and Public Health, Unit of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
| | - F Tagliaro
- Dept of Diagnostics and Public Health, Unit of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona, Italy; Institute of Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, Sechenov First Medical University, Moskow, Russia
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Woolley T, Allen P, Fitzgerald L, Izzard L, Rutter E. Sebia Capillarys 2 versus the Helena Biosciences V8 capillary electrophoresis analyser for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin measurement: comparison and analytical evaluation. Br J Biomed Sci 2016; 72:23-7. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2015.11666791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Veronesi A, Rota C, Trenti T, Cariani E. Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin Determination in a Clinical Setting: Consistency Between Capillary Electrophoresis Assays and Utility of HPLC as a Confirmatory Test. J Clin Lab Anal 2015; 30:494-9. [PMID: 26500068 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is used to assess chronic alcohol consumption in administrative and forensic context. The aim of the present study was the optimization of the diagnostic strategy for CDT determination in a clinical laboratory setting. METHODS Two capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) assays, the CEofix CDT (Analis, Suarlée, Belgium) run on single capillary MDQ instrument and the muticapillary (Sebia, Lisses, France), were compared as screening methods and a commercial high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay (Recipe, Munich, Germany) was used for confirmation. RESULTS In total, 367 serum samples were analyzed by both CZE assays with concordant classification in 92% of cases. All discordant samples were classified as negative by HPLC, as did 2/3 of those that could not be classified by either CZE assay. Classification of samples with CDT values close to cut-off by CZE was confirmed by HPLC in 95-100% of negative samples but only in 28.6-33.3% of positive samples. CONCLUSIONS Both CZE assays proved suitable for CDT screening. HPLC was useful for discriminating CDT value in most of samples that could not be interpreted by CZE due to analytical interferences. Considering the implication of CDT testing, HPLC assay may also be helpful for the confirmation of positive results close to the cut-off value of CZE assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Veronesi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ospedale S. Agostino-Estense, Modena, Italy.
| | - Cristina Rota
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ospedale S. Agostino-Estense, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ospedale S. Agostino-Estense, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cariani
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ospedale S. Agostino-Estense, Modena, Italy
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7
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Sogawa K, Iida F, Kawshima Y, Yamada M, Satoh M, Sanda A, Takizawa H, Maruyama K, Wada Y, Nomura F. Evaluation of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin by HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 448:8-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Nanau RM, Neuman MG. Biomolecules and Biomarkers Used in Diagnosis of Alcohol Drinking and in Monitoring Therapeutic Interventions. Biomolecules 2015; 5:1339-85. [PMID: 26131978 PMCID: PMC4598755 DOI: 10.3390/biom5031339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quantitative, measurable detection of drinking is important for the successful treatment of alcohol misuse in transplantation of patients with alcohol disorders, people living with human immunodeficiency virus that need to adhere to medication, and special occupational hazard offenders, many of whom continually deny drinking. Their initial misconduct usually leads to medical problems associated with drinking, impulsive social behavior, and drunk driving. The accurate identification of alcohol consumption via biochemical tests contributes significantly to the monitoring of drinking behavior. METHODS A systematic review of the current methods used to measure biomarkers of alcohol consumption was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases (2010-2015). The names of the tests have been identified. The methods and publications that correlate between the social instruments and the biochemical tests were further investigated. There is a clear need for assays standardization to ensure the use of these biochemical tests as routine biomarkers. FINDINGS Alcohol ingestion can be measured using a breath test. Because alcohol is rapidly eliminated from the circulation, the time for detection by this analysis is in the range of hours. Alcohol consumption can alternatively be detected by direct measurement of ethanol concentration in blood or urine. Several markers have been proposed to extend the interval and sensitivities of detection, including ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate in urine, phosphatidylethanol in blood, and ethyl glucuronide and fatty acid ethyl esters in hair, among others. Moreover, there is a need to correlate the indirect biomarker carbohydrate deficient transferrin, which reflects longer lasting consumption of higher amounts of alcohol, with serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, another long term indirect biomarker that is routinely used and standardized in laboratory medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu M Nanau
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada.
| | - Manuela G Neuman
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada.
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9
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Neuman MG, French SW, French BA, Seitz HK, Cohen LB, Mueller S, Osna NA, Kharbanda KK, Seth D, Bautista A, Thompson KJ, McKillop IH, Kirpich IA, McClain CJ, Bataller R, Nanau RM, Voiculescu M, Opris M, Shen H, Tillman B, Li J, Liu H, Thomes PG, Ganesan M, Malnick S. Alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:492-510. [PMID: 25217800 PMCID: PMC4696068 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper is based upon the "Charles Lieber Satellite Symposia" organized by Manuela G. Neuman at the Research Society on Alcoholism (RSA) Annual Meetings, 2013 and 2014. The present review includes pre-clinical, translational and clinical research that characterize alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In addition, a literature search in the discussed area was performed. Strong clinical and experimental evidence lead to recognition of the key toxic role of alcohol in the pathogenesis of ALD. The liver biopsy can confirm the etiology of NASH or alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and assess structural alterations of cells, their organelles, as well as inflammatory activity. Three histological stages of ALD are simple steatosis, ASH, and chronic hepatitis with hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. These latter stages may also be associated with a number of cellular and histological changes, including the presence of Mallory's hyaline, megamitochondria, or perivenular and perisinusoidal fibrosis. Genetic polymorphisms of ethanol metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome p450 (CYP) 2E1 activation may change the severity of ASH and NASH. Alcohol mediated hepatocarcinogenesis, immune response to alcohol in ASH, as well as the role of other risk factors such as its co-morbidities with chronic viral hepatitis in the presence or absence of human immunodeficiency virus are discussed. Dysregulation of hepatic methylation, as result of ethanol exposure, in hepatocytes transfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), illustrates an impaired interferon signaling. The hepatotoxic effects of ethanol undermine the contribution of malnutrition to the liver injury. Dietary interventions such as micro and macronutrients, as well as changes to the microbiota are suggested. The clinical aspects of NASH, as part of metabolic syndrome in the aging population, are offered. The integrative symposia investigate different aspects of alcohol-induced liver damage and possible repair. We aim to (1) determine the immuno-pathology of alcohol-induced liver damage, (2) examine the role of genetics in the development of ASH, (3) propose diagnostic markers of ASH and NASH, (4) examine age differences, (5) develop common research tools to study alcohol-induced effects in clinical and pre-clinical studies, and (6) focus on factors that aggravate severity of organ-damage. The intention of these symposia is to advance the international profile of the biological research on alcoholism. We also wish to further our mission of leading the forum to progress the science and practice of translational research in alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela G Neuman
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | - Helmut K Seitz
- Centre of Alcohol Research, University of Heidelberg and Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology and Hepatology), Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lawrence B Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sebastian Mueller
- Centre of Alcohol Research, University of Heidelberg and Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology and Hepatology), Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Internal Medicine, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Internal Medicine, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Devanshi Seth
- Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Abraham Bautista
- Office of Extramural Activities, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kyle J Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Iain H McKillop
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Irina A Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology; Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology; Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Radu M Nanau
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mihai Voiculescu
- Division of Nephrology and Internal Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute and University of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Opris
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Family Medicine Clinic CAR, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Hong Shen
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | - Jun Li
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Paul G Thomes
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Internal Medicine, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Internal Medicine, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Steve Malnick
- Department Internal Medicine, Kaplan Medical Centre and Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Weykamp C, Wielders J, Helander A, Anton RF, Bianchi V, Jeppsson JO, Siebelder C, Whitfield JB, Schellenberg F. Harmonization of Measurement Results of the Alcohol Biomarker Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin by Use of the Toolbox of Technical Procedures of the International Consortium for Harmonization of Clinical Laboratory Results. Clin Chem 2014; 60:945-53. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2014.221531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The need for equivalent results of routine measurement procedures for the alcohol biomarker carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) has been recognized by the IFCC. This article describes a project to harmonize CDT as conducted by an IFCC working group initiated for this purpose.
METHODS
We used procedures for achieving harmonization as developed by the Consortium for Harmonization of Clinical Laboratory Results to assess the suitability of a candidate reference measurement procedure (cRMP), candidate reference materials (cRMs), and the success of efforts to achieve harmonization.
RESULTS
CDT measurement procedures in routine use showed good reproducibility (CV 1.1%–2.8%) and linearity (r > 0.990) with variable slopes (0.766–1.065) and intercepts (−0.34 to 0.92) compared to the cRMP. Heterogeneity after simulated harmonization was 4.7%. cRMs of frozen human native sera demonstrated commutability and 3-year stability for routine measurement procedures. The cRMP provided reproducible value assignment to cRMs with an expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of 0.03% at the 1.2% CDT level and 0.06% at the 4.4% CDT level. Harmonization efforts reduced the intermeasurement CV from 8.8% to 3.4%, allowed 99% recovery of the values assigned with the cRMP, and demonstrated 99% of results within the desirable allowable total error. Harmonization was less successful in samples with low CDT and high trisialotransferrin concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS
Harmonization of CDT is possible with frozen human native sera as cRMs with values assigned by use of the cRMP. We propose the cRMP as a candidate international conventional reference measurement procedure and cRMs as candidate international calibrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cas Weykamp
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Queen Beatrix Hospital, Winterswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Wielders
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Anders Helander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond F Anton
- The Center for Drug and Alcohol Programs, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Vincenza Bianchi
- Toxicology Reference Laboratory, SS. Antonio e Biagio Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Jan-Olof Jeppsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carla Siebelder
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Queen Beatrix Hospital, Winterswijk, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Alcohol abuse can lead to a number of health and social issues. Our current inability to accurately assess long-term drinking behaviors is an important obstacle to its diagnosis and treatment. Biomarkers for chronic alcohol consumption have made a number of important advances but have yet to become highly accurate and as accepted as objective tests for other diseases. Thus, there is a crucial need for the development of more sensitive and specific markers of alcohol abuse. Recent advancements in proteomic technologies have greatly increased the potential for alcohol abuse biomarker discovery. Here, the authors review established and novel protein biomarkers for long-term alcohol consumption and the proteomic technologies that have been used in their study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P Torrente
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Caslavska
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory; Institute for Infectious Diseases; University of Bern; Bern; Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Thormann
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory; Institute for Infectious Diseases; University of Bern; Bern; Switzerland
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13
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Zhao SS, Zhong X, Tie C, Chen DD. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for analysis of complex samples. Proteomics 2012; 12:2991-3012. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Sherry Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Xuefei Zhong
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Cai Tie
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - David D.Y. Chen
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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