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Bosco A, Ciuca L, Maurelli MP, Vitiello P, Cringoli G, Prada JM, Rinaldi L. Comparison of Mini-FLOTAC, Flukefinder and sedimentation techniques for detection and quantification of Fasciola hepatica and Calicophoron daubneyi eggs using spiked and naturally infected bovine faecal samples. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:260. [PMID: 37533114 PMCID: PMC10399002 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasciolosis (Fasciola hepatica) and paramphistomosis (Calicophoron daubneyi) are two important infections of livestock. Calicophoron daubneyi is the predominant Paramphistomidae species in Europe, and its prevalence has increased in the last 10-15 years. In Italy, evidence suggests that the prevalence of F. hepatica in ruminants is low in the southern part, but C. daubneyi has been recently reported at high prevalence in the same area. Given the importance of reliable tools for liver and rumen fluke diagnosis in ruminants, this study evaluated the diagnostic performance of the Mini-FLOTAC (MF), Flukefinder(R) (FF) and sedimentation (SED) techniques to detect and quantify F. hepatica and C. daubneyi eggs using spiked and naturally infected cattle faecal samples. METHODS Briefly, negative bovine faecal samples were artificially spiked with either F. hepatica or C. daubneyi eggs to achieve different egg count levels: 10, 50 and 100 eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces. Moreover, ten naturally infected cattle farms from southern Italy with either F. hepatica and/or C. daubneyi were selected. For each farm, the samples were analysed individually only with MF technique and as pools using MF, FF and SED techniques. Bayesian latent class analysis (LCA) was used to estimate sensitivity and accuracy of the predicted intensity of infection as well as the infection rate in the naturally infected farms. RESULTS The outcome of this study showed that the highest number of eggs (F. hepatica and C. daubneyi) recovered was obtained with MF, followed by FF and SED in spiked infected samples at 50 and 100 EPG, while at lower infection levels of 10 EPG, FF gave the best results. Moreover, the sensitivity for all the techniques included in the study was estimated at > 90% at infection levels > 20 EPG for both F. hepatica and C. daubneyi eggs. However, MF was the most accurate of the three techniques evaluated to estimate fluke infection intensity. Nevertheless, all three techniques can potentially estimate infection rate at farm level accurately. CONCLUSIONS Optimization and standardization of techniques are needed to improve the FEC of fluke eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bosco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Regional Center for Monitoring Parasitic infections (CREMOPAR), Naples, Italy
| | - Lavinia Ciuca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Regional Center for Monitoring Parasitic infections (CREMOPAR), Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Maurelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Regional Center for Monitoring Parasitic infections (CREMOPAR), Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Vitiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Regional Center for Monitoring Parasitic infections (CREMOPAR), Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cringoli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Regional Center for Monitoring Parasitic infections (CREMOPAR), Naples, Italy
| | - Joaquin M. Prada
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guilford, UK
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Regional Center for Monitoring Parasitic infections (CREMOPAR), Naples, Italy
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Červená B, Anettová L, Nosková E, Pafčo B, Pšenková I, Javorská K, Příhodová P, Ježková J, Václavek P, Malát K, Modrý D. The winner takes it all: dominance of Calicophoron daubneyi (Digenea: Paramphistomidae) among flukes in Central European beef cattle. Parasitology 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35272721 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021002158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In Europe, paramphistomosis caused by Paramphistomum spp. was historically regarded as being of minor importance. However, Calicophoron daubneyi has recently been recognized as an emerging pathogen in Europe due to its increasing prevalence and negative impact on livestock production. In search for paramphistomid flukes, 5573 beef cattle fecal samples from 115 farms across the whole Czech Republic were examined from March 2019 to June 2021. The eggs of paramphistomid flukes were identified in 29.9% of samples. Internal transcribed spacer 2 sequences from 90 adult flukes and 125 fecal samples collected across Czech Republic confirmed C. daubneyi infection in the Czech beef cattle. Ninety mitochondrial DNA sequences obtained from adult C. daubneyi specimens revealed 13 individual haplotypes, two of them recorded for the first time. Although C. daubneyi is a new parasite in beef cattle herds in the Czechia, it clearly dominates the parasitological findings in the country's beef cattle. The common occurrence of C. daubneyi in most of the beef cattle herds indicates environmental conditions suitable also for the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica and risk of its emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Červená
- CEITEC VETUNI, University of Veterinary Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Anettová
- CEITEC VETUNI, University of Veterinary Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Nosková
- CEITEC VETUNI, University of Veterinary Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Pafčo
- CEITEC VETUNI, University of Veterinary Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ilona Pšenková
- CEITEC VETUNI, University of Veterinary Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Javorská
- CEITEC VETUNI, University of Veterinary Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Příhodová
- State Veterinary Institute Jihlava, Rantířovská 93/20, 586 01Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Ježková
- State Veterinary Institute Jihlava, Rantířovská 93/20, 586 01Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Václavek
- State Veterinary Institute Jihlava, Rantířovská 93/20, 586 01Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Malát
- Czech Beef Cattle Association, Těšnov 17, 110 00Praha 1, Czech Republic
| | - David Modrý
- CEITEC VETUNI, University of Veterinary Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37Brno, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources/CINeZ, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
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García-Dios D, Díaz P, Viña M, Remesar S, Prieto A, López-Lorenzo G, Cao JMD, Panadero R, Díez-Baños P, López CM. Efficacy of Oxyclozanide and Closantel against Rumen Flukes (Paramphistomidae) in Naturally Infected Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111943. [PMID: 33105640 PMCID: PMC7690378 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Paramphistomosis, caused by ruminal trematodes, is currently considered an emergent disease in Europe due to the progressive increase of prevalence and reports of acute cases in ruminants. Thus, finding effective control methods such as efficient drugs against paramphistomids is currently a priority. Although some drugs have been found effective for treating paramphistomid infections in cattle, data in sheep are currently limited. A single administration of oxyclozanide (15 mg/kg) or closantel (10 mg/kg) has been proven efficient in cattle, but it has not been tested in sheep; thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of these treatment protocols against paramphistomids in naturally infected sheep. The treatment with oxyclozanide was very efficient since it significantly reduced the paramphistomid egg output in more than 90% during 11 weeks after treatment. In contrast, closantel showed low efficacies throughout the study. The results of this study support the use of a single oral dose of oxyclozanide at 15 mg/kg for treating paramphistomid infections in sheep, whereas a single oral dose of closantel at 10 mg/kg is not effective. Abstract Paramphistomosis is considered an emergent disease of ruminants in Europe. Some drugs have been found effective for treating paramphistomid infections in cattle, but data in sheep are currently limited. Thus, faecal samples from 25 adult sheep naturally infected with paramphistomids were collected weekly to test the efficacy of oxyclozanide and closantel. Three groups were performed: nine animals orally treated with a single dose of oxyclozanide (15 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) integrated the G-OXI group, whereas eight sheep orally treated with a single dose of closantel (10 mg/kg BW) were placed in a group called G-CLS. Eight untreated controls constituted the group G-CON. Oxyclozanide showed efficacies up to 90% until week 11 post-treatment, with a maximum efficacy of 98.3%, and significant differences were found between G-OXI and G-CON until the 26th week post-treatment. Closantel was insufficiently active (0–81%) throughout the study and differences compared to G-CON were never found. The present study reveals that oxyclozanide given at a single oral dose of 15 mg/kg BW is highly effective against adult rumen flukes in sheep. In addition, the use of a single oral dose of closantel at 10 mg/kg BW is not recommended for treating paramphistomid infections in sheep.
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Scala A, Tamponi C, Dessì G, Sedda G, Sanna G, Carta S, Corda A, Jacquiet P, Varcasia A, Ligios C. Dicrocoeliosis in extensive sheep farms: a survey. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:342. [PMID: 31300008 PMCID: PMC6625022 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the epidemiological and molecular aspects of dicrocoeliosis in extensive sheep farms. Methods From 2013 to 2014, copromicroscopical analyses in 190 dairy sheep farms and anatomo-pathological inspections in six slaughterhouses were carried in Sardinia, Italy. Rectal faecal samples were analyzed using the FLOTAC® method, and anatomo-pathological examinations were based on detecting thickened terminal bile ducts (TTBDs). In addition, genetic analyses were conducted on representative DNA samples of adult Dicrocoelium spp. Results Ninety-seven (51.1%) out of 190 sheep farms were coprologically positive for Dicrocoelium spp. In the liver, on the surface and cut surface, TTBDs were reported in 40.1% (309/770) and 15.3% (118/770) of the animals examined, respectively, with an overall prevalence of 25.5% (196/770). No intraspecific genetic variation was observed among the Dicrocoelium dendriticum isolates. Conclusions Our survey reveals the widespread presence of D. dendriticum in Sardinia, although seasonal, geographical and climatic conditions might be key factors in modulating the infection prevalence. Examining typical lesions due to D. dendriticum in the liver in abattoirs can be used as a marker for tracking chronic dicrocoeliosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Scala
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Inter-University Center for Research in Parasitology (CIRPAR), Via della Veterinaria 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Tamponi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgia Dessì
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giampietro Sedda
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuliana Sanna
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvia Carta
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Corda
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Philippe Jacquiet
- UMT Santé des Troupeaux de Petits Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Antonio Varcasia
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. .,Inter-University Center for Research in Parasitology (CIRPAR), Via della Veterinaria 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Ciriaco Ligios
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna G. Pegreffi, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
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Naranjo-Lucena A, Munita Corbalán MP, Martínez-Ibeas AM, McGrath G, Murray G, Casey M, Good B, Sayers R, Mulcahy G, Zintl A. Spatial patterns of Fasciola hepatica and Calicophoron daubneyi infections in ruminants in Ireland and modelling of C. daubneyi infection. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:531. [PMID: 30268155 PMCID: PMC6162884 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fasciola hepatica has always represented a threat to Irish livestock because the Irish climate is highly suitable for the main local intermediate host of the parasite, the snail Galba truncatula. The recent clinical emergence of infections due to Calicophoron daubneyi has raised the question of whether the two parasites, which share a niche during part of their life-cycles, interact in some way. Here, we used geographical information systems (GIS) to analyse the distribution of both parasites in cattle and sheep. We also developed the first predictive model of paramphistomosis in Ireland. Results Our results indicated that, in cattle, liver fluke infection is less common than rumen fluke infection and does not exhibit the same seasonal fluctuations. Overall, we found that cattle had a higher likelihood of being infected with rumen fluke than sheep (OR = 3.134, P < 0.01). In addition, infection with one parasite increased the odds of infection with the other in both host species. Rumen fluke in cattle showed the highest spatial density of infection. Environmental variables such as soil drainage, land cover and habitat appeared to be the most important risk factors for C. daubneyi infection, followed by rainfall and vegetation. Overall the risk of infection with this parasite was predicted to be higher in the west of the country. Conclusions This study shows differences between the infection rates and spatial patterns of bovine and ovine infections with F. hepatica and C. daubneyi in Ireland. Whether the reasons for this are due to susceptibility, exposure and/or management factors is yet to be determined. Furthermore, the rumen fluke model indicates distinct risk factors and predicted distribution to those of F. hepatica, suggesting potential biological differences between both parasite species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Naranjo-Lucena
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | | | | | - Guy McGrath
- UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gerard Murray
- RVL Division, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Backweston, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Mícheál Casey
- RVL Division, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Backweston, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Riona Sayers
- Teagasc AGRIC, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Grace Mulcahy
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Annetta Zintl
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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