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Abji F, Rasti M, Gómez-Aristizábal A, Muytjens C, Saifeddine M, Mihara K, Motahhari M, Gandhi R, Viswanathan S, Hollenberg MD, Oikonomopoulou K, Chandran V. Proteinase-Mediated Macrophage Signaling in Psoriatic Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 11:629726. [PMID: 33763056 PMCID: PMC7982406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.629726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Multiple proteinases are present in the synovial fluid (SF) of an arthritic joint. We aimed to identify inflammatory cell populations present in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) SF compared to osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), identify their proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) signaling function and characterize potentially active SF serine proteinases that may be PAR2 activators. Methods Flow cytometry was used to characterize SF cells from PsA, RA, OA patients; PsA SF cells were further characterized by single cell 3’-RNA-sequencing. Active serine proteinases were identified through cleavage of fluorogenic trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like substrates, activity-based probe analysis and proteomics. Fluo-4 AM was used to monitor intracellular calcium cell signaling. Cytokine expression was evaluated using a multiplex Luminex panel. Results PsA SF cells were dominated by monocytes/macrophages, which consisted of three populations representing classical, non-classical and intermediate cells. The classical monocytes/macrophages were reduced in PsA compared to OA/RA, whilst the intermediate population was increased. PAR2 was elevated in OA vs. PsA/RA SF monocytes/macrophages, particularly in the intermediate population. PAR2 expression and signaling in primary PsA monocytes/macrophages significantly impacted the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Trypsin-like serine proteinase activity was elevated in PsA and RA SF compared to OA, while chymotrypsin-like activity was elevated in RA compared to PsA. Tryptase-6 was identified as an active serine proteinase in SF that could trigger calcium signaling partially via PAR2. Conclusion PAR2 and its activating proteinases, including tryptase-6, can be important mediators of inflammation in PsA. Components within this proteinase-receptor axis may represent novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Abji
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mozhgan Rasti
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Carla Muytjens
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Saifeddine
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Koichiro Mihara
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Majid Motahhari
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rajiv Gandhi
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sowmya Viswanathan
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Katerina Oikonomopoulou
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vinod Chandran
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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2
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Pierre O, Fouchard M, Buscaglia P, Le Goux N, Leschiera R, Mignen O, Fluhr JW, Misery L, Le Garrec R. Calcium Increase and Substance P Release Induced by the Neurotoxin Brevetoxin-1 in Sensory Neurons: Involvement of PAR2 Activation through Both Cathepsin S and Canonical Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:E2704. [PMID: 33348659 PMCID: PMC7767211 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Red tides involving Karenia brevis expose humans to brevetoxins (PbTxs). Oral exposition triggers neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, whereas inhalation induces a respiratory syndrome and sensory disturbances. No curative treatment is available and the pathophysiology is not fully elucidated. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), cathepsin S (Cat-S) and substance P (SP) release are crucial mediators of the sensory effects of ciguatoxins (CTXs) which are PbTx analogs. This work explored the role of PAR2 and Cat-S in PbTx-1-induced sensory effects and deciphered the signaling pathway involved. We performed calcium imaging, PAR2 immunolocalization and SP release experiments in monocultured sensory neurons or co-cultured with keratinocytes treated with PbTx-1 or P-CTX-2. We demonstrated that PbTx-1-induced calcium increase and SP release involved Cat-S, PAR2 and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). The PbTx-1-induced signaling pathway included protein kinase A (PKA) and TRPV4, which are compatible with the PAR2 biased signaling induced by Cat-S. Internalization of PAR2 and protein kinase C (PKC), inositol triphosphate receptor and TRPV4 activation evoked by PbTx-1 are compatible with the PAR2 canonical signaling. Our results suggest that PbTx-1-induced sensory disturbances involve the PAR2-TRPV4 pathway. We identified PAR2, Cat-S, PKA, and PKC that are involved in TRPV4 sensitization induced by PbTx-1 in sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Pierre
- EA4685 Laboratory of Interactions Neurons-Keratinocytes (LIEN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.F.); (R.L.); (J.W.F.); (L.M.); (R.L.G.)
| | - Maxime Fouchard
- EA4685 Laboratory of Interactions Neurons-Keratinocytes (LIEN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.F.); (R.L.); (J.W.F.); (L.M.); (R.L.G.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Paul Buscaglia
- InsermUMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunity, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France; (P.B.); (N.L.G.); (O.M.)
| | - Nelig Le Goux
- InsermUMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunity, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France; (P.B.); (N.L.G.); (O.M.)
| | - Raphaël Leschiera
- EA4685 Laboratory of Interactions Neurons-Keratinocytes (LIEN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.F.); (R.L.); (J.W.F.); (L.M.); (R.L.G.)
| | - Olivier Mignen
- InsermUMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunity, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France; (P.B.); (N.L.G.); (O.M.)
| | - Joachim W. Fluhr
- EA4685 Laboratory of Interactions Neurons-Keratinocytes (LIEN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.F.); (R.L.); (J.W.F.); (L.M.); (R.L.G.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, F-29200 Brest, France
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Universitaetsmedizin Charit Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurent Misery
- EA4685 Laboratory of Interactions Neurons-Keratinocytes (LIEN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.F.); (R.L.); (J.W.F.); (L.M.); (R.L.G.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Raphaële Le Garrec
- EA4685 Laboratory of Interactions Neurons-Keratinocytes (LIEN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.F.); (R.L.); (J.W.F.); (L.M.); (R.L.G.)
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3
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Di Paolo CT, Diamandis EP, Prassas I. The role of kallikreins in inflammatory skin disorders and their potential as therapeutic targets. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 58:1-16. [PMID: 32568598 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1775171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The skin is a vital organ of the human body, serving numerous protective and functional roles that are essential for survival. Residing in the epidermis are various epidermal proteases responsible for the establishment and regulation of barrier function. The human tissue kallikrein-related peptidase family conserves homeostasis of the skin barrier through their roles in desquamation, antimicrobial defense, innate immune response, and barrier maintenance. The activity of kallikreins is tightly regulated and dysregulation of kallikrein activity is seen to contribute to the formation of several inflammatory skin disorders. This review highlights the roles of kallikreins in skin homeostasis and pathologies. Due to their part in these skin disorders, inhibitors of the skin kallikreins have become attractive therapeutics. Over the past few years, both natural and synthetic inhibitors of several kallikreins have been identified and are undergoing further development as treatments to restore compromised barrier function. This review summarizes the kallikrein inhibitors under development for this purpose. These inhibitors remain promising therapeutics in cases of severe skin inflammation not well managed by current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin T Di Paolo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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4
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Yoon H, Radulovic M, Scarisbrick IA. Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 orchestrates astrocyte form and function through proteinase activated receptor-dependent mechanisms. Biol Chem 2019; 399:1041-1052. [PMID: 29604205 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (Klk6) is the most abundant serine proteinase in the adult central nervous system (CNS), yet we know little regarding its physiological roles or mechanisms of action. Levels of Klk6 in the extracellular environment are dynamically regulated in CNS injury and disease positioning this secreted enzyme to affect cell behavior by potential receptor dependent and independent mechanisms. Here we show that recombinant Klk6 evokes increases in intracellular Ca2+ in primary astrocyte monolayer cultures through activation of proteinase activated receptor 1 (PAR1). In addition, Klk6 promoted a condensation of astrocyte cortical actin leading to an elongated stellate shape and multicellular aggregation in a manner that was dependent on the presence of either PAR1 or PAR2. Klk6-evoked changes in astrocyte shape were accompanied by translocation of β-catenin from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm. These data are exciting because they demonstrate that Klk6 can influence astrocyte plasticity through receptor-dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, this study expands our understanding of the mechanisms by which kallikreins can contribute to neural homeostasis and remodeling and point to both PAR1 and PAR2 as new therapeutic targets to modulate astrocyte form and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesook Yoon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Maja Radulovic
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Isobel A Scarisbrick
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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5
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Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating chronic, progressive and irreversible disease that remains refractory to current therapies. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), have been implicated in the development of pulmonary fibrosis since decades. Coagulation signalling deregulation, which influences several key inflammatory and fibro-proliferative responses, is also essential in IPF pathogenesis, and a growing body of evidence indicates that Protease-Activated Receptors (PARs) inhibition in IPF may be promising for future evaluation. Therefore, proteases and anti-proteases aroused great biomedical interest over the past years, owing to the identification of their potential roles in lung fibrosis. During these last decades, numerous other proteases and anti-proteases have been studied in lung fibrosis, such as matriptase, Human airway trypsin-like protease (HAT), Hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA)/HGFA activator inhibitor (HAI) system, Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, Protease nexine (PN)-1, cathepsins, calpains, and cystatin C. Herein, we provide a general overview of the proteases and anti-proteases unbalance during lung fibrogenesis and explore potential therapeutics for IPF.
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6
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Bonnart C, Feuillet G, Vasseur V, Cenac N, Vergnolle N, Blanchard N. Protease-activated receptor 2 contributes to Toxoplasma gondii
-mediated gut inflammation. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Bonnart
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD); Université de Toulouse; INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS; Toulouse France
| | - G. Feuillet
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD); Université de Toulouse; INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS; Toulouse France
| | - V. Vasseur
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP); Université de Toulouse; INSERM, CNRS, UPS; Toulouse France
| | - N. Cenac
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD); Université de Toulouse; INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS; Toulouse France
| | - N. Vergnolle
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD); Université de Toulouse; INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS; Toulouse France
| | - N. Blanchard
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP); Université de Toulouse; INSERM, CNRS, UPS; Toulouse France
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7
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Solís-Calero C, Carvalho HF. KLK14 interactions with HAI-1 and HAI-2 serine protease inhibitors: A molecular dynamics and relative free-energy calculations study. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:1246-1264. [PMID: 28817220 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Kallikrein 14 (KLK14) is a serine protease linked to several pathologies including prostate cancer and positively correlates with Gleason score. Though KLK14 functioning in cancer is poorly understood, it has been implicated in HGF/Met signaling, given that KLK14 proteolytically inhibits HGF activator-inhibitor 1 (HAI-1), which strongly inhibits pro-HGF activators, thereby contributing to tumor progression. In this work, KLK14 binding to either hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type-1 (HAI-1) or type-2 (HAI-2) was essayed using homology modeling, molecular dynamic simulations and free-energy calculations through MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA. KLK14 was successfully modeled. Calculated free energies suggested higher binding affinity for the KLK14/HAI-1 interaction than for KLK14/HAI-2. This difference in binding affinity is largely explained by the higher stability of the hydrogen-bond networks in KLK14/HAI-1 along the simulation trajectory. A key arginine residue in both HAI-1 and HAI-2 is responsible for their interaction with the S1 pocket in KLK14. Additionally, MM/GBSA free-energy decomposition postulates that KLK14 Asp174 and Trp196 are hotspots for binding HAI-1 and HAI-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Solís-Calero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Palygin O, Ilatovskaya DV, Staruschenko A. Protease-activated receptors in kidney disease progression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F1140-F1144. [PMID: 27733370 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00460.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are members of a well-known family of transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Four PARs have been identified to date, of which PAR1 and PAR2 are the most abundant receptors, and have been shown to be expressed in the kidney vascular and tubular cells. PAR signaling is mediated by an N-terminus tethered ligand that can be unmasked by serine protease cleavage. The receptors are activated by endogenous serine proteases, such as thrombin (acts on PARs 1, 3, and 4) and trypsin (PAR2). PARs can be involved in glomerular, microvascular, and inflammatory regulation of renal function in both normal and pathological conditions. As an example, it was shown that human glomerular epithelial and mesangial cells express PARs, and these receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of crescentic glomerulonephritis, glomerular fibrin deposition, and macrophage infiltration. Activation of these receptors in the kidney also modulates renal hemodynamics and glomerular filtration rate. Clinical studies further demonstrated that the concentration of urinary thrombin is associated with glomerulonephritis and type 2 diabetic nephropathy; thus, molecular and functional mechanisms of PARs activation can be directly involved in renal disease progression. We briefly discuss here the recent literature related to activation of PAR signaling in glomeruli and the kidney in general and provide some examples of PAR1 signaling in glomeruli podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Ramachandran R, Altier C, Oikonomopoulou K, Hollenberg MD. Proteinases, Their Extracellular Targets, and Inflammatory Signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:1110-1142. [PMID: 27677721 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that over 2% of the human genome codes for proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors, it is not surprising that proteinases serve many physiologic-pathophysiological roles. In this context, we provide an overview of proteolytic mechanisms regulating inflammation, with a focus on cell signaling stimulated by the generation of inflammatory peptides; activation of the proteinase-activated receptor (PAR) family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), with a mechanism in common with adhesion-triggered GPCRs (ADGRs); and by proteolytic ion channel regulation. These mechanisms are considered in the much wider context that proteolytic mechanisms serve, including the processing of growth factors and their receptors, the regulation of matrix-integrin signaling, and the generation and release of membrane-tethered receptor ligands. These signaling mechanisms are relevant for inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases as well as for cancer. We propose that the inflammation-triggering proteinases and their proteolytically generated substrates represent attractive therapeutic targets and we discuss appropriate targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rithwik Ramachandran
- Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (R.R., C.A., M.D.H.) and Department of Medicine (M.D.H.),University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (K.O.); and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.R.)
| | - Christophe Altier
- Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (R.R., C.A., M.D.H.) and Department of Medicine (M.D.H.),University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (K.O.); and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.R.)
| | - Katerina Oikonomopoulou
- Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (R.R., C.A., M.D.H.) and Department of Medicine (M.D.H.),University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (K.O.); and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.R.)
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (R.R., C.A., M.D.H.) and Department of Medicine (M.D.H.),University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (K.O.); and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.R.)
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10
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Kallikrein in the Interstitial Space. Protein Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315374307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Aubier M, Thabut G, Hamidi F, Guillou N, Brard J, Dombret MC, Borensztajn K, Aitilalne B, Poirier I, Roland-Nicaise P, Taillé C, Pretolani M. Airway smooth muscle enlargement is associated with protease-activated receptor 2/ligand overexpression in patients with difficult-to-control severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:729-739.e11. [PMID: 27001157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a complex disease with heterogeneous features of airway inflammation and remodeling. The increase in airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass is an essential component of airway remodeling in patients with severe asthma, yet the pathobiological mechanisms and clinical outcomes associated with ASM enlargement remain elusive. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare ASM area in control subjects and patients with mild-to-moderate or severe asthma and to identify specific clinical and pathobiological characteristics associated with ASM enlargement. METHODS Bronchial biopsy specimens from 12 control subjects, 24 patients with mild-to-moderate asthma, and 105 patients with severe asthma were analyzed for ASM area, basement membrane thickness, vessels, eosinophils, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, mast cells, and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2). In parallel, the levels of several ASM mitogenic factors, including the PAR-2 ligands, mast cell tryptase, trypsin, tissue factor, and kallikrein (KLK) 5 and KLK14, were assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Data were correlated with asthma severity and control both at inclusion and after 12 to 18 months of optimal management and therapy. RESULTS Analyses across ASM quartiles in patients with severe asthma demonstrated that patients with the highest ASM quartile (median value of ASM area, 26.3%) were younger (42.5 vs ≥50 years old in the other groups, P ≤ .04) and had lower asthma control after 1 year of optimal management (P ≤ .006). ASM enlargement occurred independently of features of airway inflammation and remodeling, whereas it was associated with PAR-2 overexpression and higher alveolar tryptase (P ≤ .02) and KLK14 (P ≤ .03) levels. CONCLUSION Increase in ASM mass, possibly involving aberrant expression and activation of PAR-2-mediated pathways, characterizes younger patients with severe asthma with poor asthma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Aubier
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Départment de Pneumologie A, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Nord Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Départment de Hématologie-Immunologie, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Nord Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Thabut
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Départment de Pneumologie B, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Nord Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Fatima Hamidi
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Noëlline Guillou
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Julien Brard
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Dombret
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Départment de Pneumologie A, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Nord Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Départment de Hématologie-Immunologie, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Nord Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Keren Borensztajn
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Brahim Aitilalne
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Nord Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Poirier
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Roland-Nicaise
- Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Départment de Pneumologie A, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Nord Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Camille Taillé
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Départment de Pneumologie A, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Nord Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Départment de Hématologie-Immunologie, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Nord Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Marina Pretolani
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France.
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Characterization and Functions of Protease-Activated Receptor 2 in Obesity, Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3130496. [PMID: 27006943 PMCID: PMC4781943 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3130496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is a cell surface receptor activated by serine proteinases or specific synthetic compounds. Interest in PAR2 as a pharmaceutical target for various diseases is increasing. Here we asked two questions relevant to endothelial dysfunction and diabetes: How is PAR2 function affected in blood vessels? What role does PAR2 have in promoting obesity, diabetes, and/or metabolic syndrome, specifically via the endothelium and adipose tissues? We conducted a systematic review of the published literature in PubMed and Scopus (July 2015; search terms: par2, par-2, f2lr1, adipose, obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome). Seven studies focused on PAR2 and vascular function. The obesity, diabetes, or metabolic syndrome animal models differed amongst studies, but each reported that PAR2-mediated vasodilator actions were preserved in the face of endothelial dysfunction. The remaining studies focused on nonvascular functions and provided evidence supporting the concept that PAR2 activation promoted obesity. Key studies showed that PAR2 activation regulated cellular metabolism, and PAR2 antagonists inhibited adipose gain and metabolic dysfunction in rats. We conclude that PAR2 antagonists for treatment of obesity indeed show early promise as a therapeutic strategy; however, endothelial-specific PAR2 functions, which may offset mechanisms that produce vascular dysfunction in diabetes, warrant additional study.
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Elmariah SB, Reddy VB, Lerner EA. Cathepsin S signals via PAR2 and generates a novel tethered ligand receptor agonist. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99702. [PMID: 24964046 PMCID: PMC4070910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor-2 is widely expressed in mammalian epithelial, immune and neural tissues. Cleavage of PAR2 by serine proteases leads to self-activation of the receptor by the tethered ligand SLIGRL. The contribution of other classes of proteases to PAR activation has not been studied in detail. Cathepsin S is a widely expressed cysteine protease that is upregulated in inflammatory conditions. It has been suggested that cathepsin S activates PAR2. However, cathepsin S activation of PAR2 has not been demonstrated directly nor has the potential mechanism of activation been identified. We show that cathepsin S cleaves near the N-terminus of PAR2 to expose a novel tethered ligand, KVDGTS. The hexapeptide KVDGTS generates downstream signaling events specific to PAR2 but is weaker than SLIGRL. Mutation of the cathepsin S cleavage site prevents receptor activation by the protease while KVDGTS retains activity. In conclusion, the range of actions previously ascribed to cysteine cathepsins in general, and cathepsin S in particular, should be expanded to include molecular signaling. Such signaling may link together observations that had been attributed previously to PAR2 or cathepsin S individually. These interactions may contribute to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina B. Elmariah
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vemuri B. Reddy
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ethan A. Lerner
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jiao X, Lu HJ, Zhai MM, Tan ZJ, Zhi HN, Liu XM, Liu CH, Zhang DP. Overexpression of kallikrein gene 10 is a biomarker for predicting poor prognosis in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:9425-9431. [PMID: 24409072 PMCID: PMC3882418 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i48.9425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To analyze the expression of kallikrein gene 10 (KLK10) in gastric cancer and to determine whether KLK10 has independent prognostic value in gastric cancer.
METHODS: We studied KLK10 expression in 80 histologically confirmed gastric cancer samples using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and hK10 expression using immunohistochemistry. Correlations with clinicopathological variables (lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion and histology) and with outcomes (disease-free survival and overall survival) during a median follow-up period of 31 mo were assessed. Gastric cancer tissues were then classified as KLK10 positive or negative.
RESULTS: KLK10 was found to be highly expressed in 57/80 (70%) of gastric cancer samples, while its expression was very low in normal gastric tissues. Positive relationships between KLK10 expression and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.048), depth of invasion (P = 0.034) and histology (P = 0.015) were observed. Univariate survival analysis revealed that gastric cancer patients with positive KLK10 expression had an increased risk for relapse/metastasis and death (P = 0.005 and 0.002, respectively). Cox multivariate analysis indicated that KLK10 was an independent prognostic indicator of disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with gastric cancer.
CONCLUSION: KLK10 expression is an independent biomarker of unfavorable prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.
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