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Dong SY, Li YQ, Sun X, Sun GJ, Wang CY, Liang Y, Hua DL, Chen L, Mo HZ. Structure, physicochemical properties, and biological activities of protein hydrolysates from Zanthoxylum seed. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3329-3340. [PMID: 38082555 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zanthoxylum seed, as a low-cost and easily accessible plant protein resource, has good potential in the food industry. But protein and its hydrolysates from Zanthoxylum seed are underutilized due to the dearth of studies on them. This study aimed to investigate the structure and physicochemical and biological activities of Zanthoxylum seed protein (ZSP) hydrolysates prepared using Protamex®, Alcalase®, Neutrase®, trypsin, or pepsin. RESULTS Hydrolysis using each of the five enzymes diminished average particle size and molecular weight of ZSP but increased random coil content. ZSP hydrolysate prepared using pepsin had the highest degree of hydrolysis (24.07%) and the smallest molecular weight (<13 kDa) and average particle size (129.80 nm) with the highest solubility (98.9%). In contrast, ZSP hydrolysate prepared using Alcalase had the highest surface hydrophobicity and foaming capacity (88.89%), as well as the lowest foam stability (45.00%). Moreover, ZSP hydrolysate prepared using Alcalase exhibited the best hydroxyl-radical scavenging (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) 1.94 mg mL-1 ) and ferrous-ion chelating (IC50 0.61 mg mL-1 ) activities. Additionally, ZSP hydrolysate prepared using pepsin displayed the highest angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition activity (IC50 0.54 mg mL-1 ). CONCLUSION These data showed that enzyme hydrolysis improved the physicochemical properties of ZSP, and enzymatic hydrolysates of ZSP exhibited significant biological activity. These results provided validation for application of ZSP enzymatic hydrolysates as antioxidants and antihypertensive agents in the food or medicinal industries. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Dong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Ying-Qiu Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xin Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Gui-Jin Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Chen-Ying Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Dong-Liang Hua
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Hai-Zhen Mo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
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Luo J, Hou X, Li S, Luo Q, Wu H, Shen G, Gu X, Mo X, Zhang Z. Degradation and transformation mechanisms of numbing substances: Hydroxyl-α-sanshool & hydroxyl-β-sanshool from Zanthoxylum bungeanum exposed to acid environment. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100342. [PMID: 35637757 PMCID: PMC9142844 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Isomerization and addition reactions of sanshools reduced the numbing degree for the first time. Acidic environment promotes isomerization and addition reactions of numbing substances. The degradation rates of hydroxyl-α-sanshool was 75.36%.
In present work, Zanthoxylum bungeanum meal (ZBM) used as experimental material, the stability of typical alkylamides (hydroxyl-α-sanshool and hydroxyl-β-sanshool) in ZBM under different acidification conditions was investigated, in order to reveal degradation or transformation mechanism of numbing substances from Z. bungeanum exposed to acid environment and its transform direction. The alkylamides content of ZBM was detected by using HPLC after different conditions of acidification. The results indicated that hydroxyl-α-sanshool and hydroxyl-β-sanshool under the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 14% decreased by 80% after only 0.5 h. Moreover, some of the components undergo isomerization and addition reactions in the process of acidification, the products of isomerization are hydroxyl-ε-sanshool and (1Z,2E,4E,8E,10E)-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)dodeca-2,4,8,10-tetraenimidic acid; and the product of the addition reaction is (2E,6E,8E,10E)-1-chloro-1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)amino)dodeca-2,6,8,10-tetraen-1-ol, which indicated that acid environment has greatly changed the numbing substances in Z. bungeanum and its products.
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Insights into the hydrolytic activity of Asclepias fruticosa L. protease. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:1043-1050. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hou X, Feng C, Li S, Luo Q, Shen G, Wu H, Li M, Liu X, Chen A, Ye M, Zhang Z. Mechanism of antimicrobial peptide NP-6 from Sichuan pepper seeds against E. coli and effects of different environmental factors on its activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6593-6604. [PMID: 31286166 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel antimicrobial peptide named NP-6 was identified in our previous work. Here, the mechanisms of the peptide against Escherichia coli (E. coli) were further investigated, as well as the peptide's resistance to temperature, pH, salinity, and enzymes. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM), and flow cytometric (FCM) analysis, combined with measurement of released K+, were performed to evaluate the effect of NP-6 E. coli cell membrane. The influence of NP-6 on bacterial DNA/RNA and enzyme was also investigated. The leakage of K+ demonstrated that NP-6 could increase the permeability of E. coli cell membrane. The ATP leakage, FCM, and CLSM assays suggested that NP-6 caused the disintegration of bacterial cell membrane. The TEM observation indicated that NP-6 could cause the formation of empty cells and debris. Besides, the DNA-binding assay indicated that NP-6 could bind with bacterial genomic DNA in a way that ethidium bromide (EB) did, and suppress the migration of DNA/RNA in gel retardation. Additionally, NP-6 could also affect the activity of β-galactosidase. Finally, the effect of different surroundings such as heating, pH, ions, and protease on the antimicrobial activity of NP-6 against E. coli was also investigated. Results showed that the peptide was heat stable in the range of 60~100 °C and performed well at pH 6.0~8.0. However, the antimicrobial activity of NP-6 decreased significantly in the presence of Mg2+/Ca2+, and after incubation with trypsin/proteinase K. The results will provide a theoretical support in the further application of NP-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Hou
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaoyang Feng
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingying Luo
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Guanghui Shen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Hejun Wu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Meiliang Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingyan Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Anjun Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Ye
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China.
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Discovery and identification of antimicrobial peptides in Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim) seeds by peptidomics and bioinformatics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2217-2228. [PMID: 30623204 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-09593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have generated growing attention because of the increasing bacterial resistance. However, the discovery and identification of AMPs have proven to be challenging due to the complex purification procedure associated with conventional methods. For the reasons given above, it is necessary to explore more efficient ways to obtain AMPs. We established a new method for discovery and identification of novel AMPs by proteomics and bioinformatics from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim seeds protein hydrolysate directly. This process was initially achieved by employing ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry/mass (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) spectrometry to identify peptides derived from Z. bungeanum Maxim seed protein hydrolysates. Three online servers were introduced to predict potential AMPs. Sixteen potential AMPs ranging from 1.5 to 2.7 kDa were predicted and chemically synthesized, one of which, designated NP-6, inhibited activity against all the tested strains according to antimicrobial assay. Time-killing assay indicated that NP-6 could quickly kill almost all the Escherichia coli within 180 min and Staphylococcus aureus at 360 min. Moreover, the simulation 3D structure of NP-6 was consisted of α-helix and random coil, and this was verified by circular dichroism (CD) spectra. At last, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of E. coli and S. aureus treated by NP-6 demonstrated that NP-6 had a significant effect on bacteria cell morphology. Our findings provide an efficient approach for discovery of AMPs, and Z. bungeanum Maxim seeds may be a nature resource to extract antimicrobial agents.
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