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Ye C, Wang S, Niu L, Yang F, Wang G, Wang S, Xie J, Chen Y, Qi J, Shen H, Dou Y, Wang J. Unlocking potential of oxytocin: improving intracranial lymphatic drainage for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Theranostics 2024; 14:4331-4351. [PMID: 39113801 PMCID: PMC11303076 DOI: 10.7150/thno.98587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The impediment to β-amyloid (Aβ) clearance caused by the invalid intracranial lymphatic drainage in Alzheimer's disease is pivotal to its pathogenesis, and finding reliable clinical available solutions to address this challenge remains elusive. Methods: The potential role and underlying mechanisms of intranasal oxytocin administration, an approved clinical intervention, in improving intracranial lymphatic drainage in middle-old-aged APP/PS1 mice were investigated by live mouse imaging, ASL/CEST-MRI scanning, in vivo two-photon imaging, immunofluorescence staining, ELISA, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, RNA-seq analysis, and cognitive behavioral tests. Results: Benefiting from multifaceted modulation of cerebral hemodynamics, aquaporin-4 polarization, meningeal lymphangiogenesis and transcriptional profiles, oxytocin administration normalized the structure and function of both the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems severely impaired in middle-old-aged APP/PS1 mice. Consequently, this intervention facilitated the efficient drainage of Aβ from the brain parenchyma to the cerebrospinal fluid and then to the deep cervical lymph nodes for efficient clearance, as well as improvements in cognitive deficits. Conclusion: This work broadens the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms and clinical applications of oxytocin medication, showcasing its promising therapeutic prospects in central nervous system diseases with intracranial lymphatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihua Ye
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Lin Niu
- Department of Cellular Biology, School of Basic Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Guohe Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Jiamei Xie
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Qi
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Cellular Biology, School of Basic Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Yan Dou
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Junping Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P. R. China
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2
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Liu S, Huang R, Li A, Yu S, Yao S, Xu J, Tang L, Li W, Gan C, Cheng H. The role of the oxytocin system in the resilience of patients with breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1187477. [PMID: 37781188 PMCID: PMC10534028 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1187477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a grave traumatic experience that can profoundly compromise patients' psychological resilience, impacting their overall quality of life. The oxytocin system represents one of the essential neurobiological bases of psychological resilience and plays a critical role in regulating resilience in response to social or traumatic events during adulthood. Oxytocin, through its direct interaction with peripheral or central oxytocin receptors, has been found to have a significant impact on regulating social behavior. However, the precise mechanism by which the activation of peripheral oxytocin receptors leads to improved social is still not completely comprehended and requires additional research. Its activation can modulate psychological resilience by influencing estrogen and its receptors, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, thyroid function, 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism levels, and arginine pressure release in breast cancer patients. Various interventions, including psychotherapy and behavioral measures, have been employed to improve the psychological resilience of breast cancer patients. The potential effectiveness of such interventions may be underpinned by their ability to modulate oxytocin release levels. This review provides an overview of the oxytocin system and resilience in breast cancer patients and identifies possible future research directions and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochun Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Runze Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Anlong Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sheng Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Senbang Yao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lingxue Tang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chen Gan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huaidong Cheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Medical School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Xie W, Lorenz M, Poosch F, Palme R, Zechner D, Vollmar B, Grambow E, Strüder D. 3D-printed lightweight dorsal skin fold chambers from PEEK reduce chamber-related animal distress. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11599. [PMID: 35803979 PMCID: PMC9270450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13924-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal skinfold chamber is one of the most important in vivo models for repetitive longitudinal assessment of microcirculation and inflammation. This study aimed to refine this model by introducing a new lightweight chamber made from polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Body weight, burrowing activity, distress, faecal corticosterone metabolites and the tilting angle of the chambers were analysed in mice carrying either a standard titanium chamber or a PEEK chamber. Data was obtained before chamber preparation and over a postoperative period of three weeks. In the early postoperative phase, reduced body weight and increased faecal corticosterone metabolites were found in mice with titanium chambers. Chamber tilting and tilting-related complications were reduced in mice with PEEK chambers. The distress score was significantly increased in both groups after chamber preparation, but only returned to preoperative values in mice with PEEK chambers. In summary, we have shown that light chambers reduce animal distress and may extend the maximum dorsal skinfold chamber observation time. Chambers made of PEEK are particularly suitable for this purpose: They are autoclavable, sufficiently stable to withstand rodent bites, inexpensive, and widely available through 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Xie
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Matthias Lorenz
- Faculty of Engineering, Technology, Business and Design, University of Applied Sciences, 23966, Wismar, Germany
| | - Friederike Poosch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery "Otto Koerner", Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Zechner
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eberhard Grambow
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany. .,Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Daniel Strüder
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery "Otto Koerner", Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
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4
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Wang SC, Zhang F, Zhu H, Yang H, Liu Y, Wang P, Parpura V, Wang YF. Potential of Endogenous Oxytocin in Endocrine Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:799521. [PMID: 35592777 PMCID: PMC9110836 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.799521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a significant threat to the health of human beings. While wearing mask, maintaining social distance and performing self-quarantine can reduce virus spreading passively, vaccination actively enhances immune defense against COVID-19. However, mutations of SARS-CoV-2 and presence of asymptomatic carriers frustrate the effort of completely conquering COVID-19. A strategy that can reduce the susceptibility and thus prevent COVID-19 while blocking viral invasion and pathogenesis independent of viral antigen stability is highly desirable. In the pathogenesis of COVID-19, endocrine disorders have been implicated. Correspondingly, many hormones have been identified to possess therapeutic potential of treating COVID-19, such as estrogen, melatonin, corticosteroids, thyroid hormone and oxytocin. Among them, oxytocin has the potential of both treatment and prevention of COVID-19. This is based on oxytocin promotion of immune-metabolic homeostasis, suppression of inflammation and pre-existing comorbidities, acceleration of damage repair, and reduction of individuals' susceptibility to pathogen infection. Oxytocin may specifically inactivate SARS-COV-2 spike protein and block viral entry into cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 by suppressing serine protease and increasing interferon levels and number of T-lymphocytes. In addition, oxytocin can promote parasympathetic outflow and the secretion of body fluids that could dilute and even inactivate SARS-CoV-2 on the surface of cornea, oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. What we need to do now is clinical trials. Such trials should fully balance the advantages and disadvantages of oxytocin application, consider the time- and dose-dependency of oxytocin effects, optimize the dosage form and administration approach, combine oxytocin with inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication, apply specific passive immunization, and timely utilize efficient vaccines. Meanwhile, blocking COVID-19 transmission chain and developing other efficient anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs are also important. In addition, relative to the complex issues with drug applications over a long term, oxytocin can be mobilized through many physiological stimuli, and thus used as a general prevention measure. In this review, we explore the potential of oxytocin for treatment and prevention of COVID-19 and perhaps other similar pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephani C. Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haipeng Yang
- Neonatal Division of the Department of Pediatrics, Harbin Medical University The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Mehdi SF, Pusapati S, Khenhrani RR, Farooqi MS, Sarwar S, Alnasarat A, Mathur N, Metz CN, LeRoith D, Tracey KJ, Yang H, Brownstein MJ, Roth J. Oxytocin and Related Peptide Hormones: Candidate Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in Early Stages of Sepsis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864007. [PMID: 35572539 PMCID: PMC9102389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening systemic inflammatory syndrome characterized by dysregulated host immunological responses to infection. Uncontrolled immune cell activation and exponential elevation in circulating cytokines can lead to sepsis, septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and death. Sepsis is associated with high re-hospitalization and recovery may be incomplete, with long term sequelae including post-sepsis syndrome. Consequently, sepsis continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. In our recent review of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), we noted that its major properties including promotion of fertility, parturition, and lactation were described over a century ago. By contrast, the anti-inflammatory properties of this hormone have been recognized only more recently. Vasopressin, a hormone best known for its anti-diuretic effect, also has anti-inflammatory actions. Surprisingly, vasopressin's close cousin, oxytocin, has broader and more potent anti-inflammatory effects than vasopressin and a larger number of pre-clinical studies supporting its potential role in limiting sepsis-associated organ damage. This review explores possible links between oxytocin and related octapeptide hormones and sepsis-related modulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faizan Mehdi
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Suma Pusapati
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Raja Ram Khenhrani
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Muhammad Saad Farooqi
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Sobia Sarwar
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ahmad Alnasarat
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Nimisha Mathur
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Christine Noel Metz
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Huan Yang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | | | - Jesse Roth
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jesse Roth,
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Strüder D, Lachmann C, van Bonn SM, Grambow E, Schraven SP, Mlynski R, Vollmar B. The Dorsal Skinfold Chamber as a New Tympanic Membrane Wound Healing Model: Intravital Insights into the Pathophysiology of Epithelialized Wounds. Eur Surg Res 2021; 63:1-15. [PMID: 34856545 PMCID: PMC9808650 DOI: 10.1159/000519774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tympanic membrane perforations (TMPs) are a common complication of trauma and infection. Persisting perforations result from the unique location of the tympanic membrane. The wound is surrounded by air of the middle ear and the external auditory canal. The inadequate wound bed, growth factor, and blood supply lead to circular epithelialization of the perforation's edge and premature interruption of defect closure. Orthotopic animal models use mechanical or chemical tympanic membrane laceration to identify bioactive wound dressings and overcome premature epithelialization. However, all orthotopic models essentially lack repetitive visualization of the biomaterial-wound interface. Therefore, recent progress in 3D printing of customized wound dressings has not yet been transferred to the unique wound setup of the TMP. Here, we present a novel application for the mice dorsal skinfold chamber (DSC) with an epithelialized full-thickness defect as TMP model. METHODS A circular 2-mm defect was cut into the extended dorsal skinfold using a biopsy punch. The skinfold was either perforated through both skin layers without prior preparation or perforated on 1 side, following resection of the opposing skin layer. In both groups, the wound was sealed with a coverslip or left unclosed (n = 4). All animals were examined for epithelialization of the edge (histology), size of the perforation (planimetry), neovascularization (repetitive intravital fluorescence microscopy), and inflammation (immunohistology). RESULTS The edge of the perforation was overgrown by the cornified squamous epithelium in all pre-parations. Reduction in the perforation's size was enhanced by application of a coverslip. Microsurgical preparation before biopsy punch perforation and sealing with a coverslip enabled repetitive high-quality intravital fluorescence microscopy. However, spontaneous reduction of the perforation occurred frequently. Therefore, the direct biopsy punch perforation without microsurgical preparation was favorable: spontaneous reduction did not occur throughout 21 days. Moreover, the visualization of the neovascularization was sufficient in intravital microscopy. CONCLUSIONS The DSC full-thickness defect is a valuable supplement to orthotopic TMP models. Repetitive intravital microscopy of the epithelialized edge enables investigation of the underlying pathophysiology during the transition from the inflammation to the proliferation phase of wound healing. Using established analysis procedures, the present model provides an effective platform for the screening of bioactive materials and transferring progress in tissue engineering to the special conditions of tympanic membrane wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Strüder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery “Otto Körner”, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany,Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany,*Daniel Strüder,
| | - Christoph Lachmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery “Otto Körner”, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sara Maria van Bonn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery “Otto Körner”, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eberhard Grambow
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany,Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastian P. Schraven
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery “Otto Körner”, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Mlynski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery “Otto Körner”, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Grambow E, Sorg H, Sorg CGG, Strüder D. Experimental Models to Study Skin Wound Healing with a Focus on Angiogenesis. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:medsci9030055. [PMID: 34449673 PMCID: PMC8395822 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of models are now available for the investigation of skin wound healing. These can be used to study the processes that take place in a phase-specific manner under both physiological and pathological conditions. Most models focus on wound closure, which is a crucial parameter for wound healing. However, vascular supply plays an equally important role and corresponding models for selective or parallel investigation of microcirculation regeneration and angiogenesis are also described. In this review article, we therefore focus on the different levels of investigation of skin wound healing (in vivo to in virtuo) and the investigation of angiogenesis and its parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard Grambow
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Heiko Sorg
- Department of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58455 Witten, Germany;
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Westfalen, Am Knappschaftskrankenhaus 1, 44309 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian G. G. Sorg
- Chair of Management and Innovation in Health Care, Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Management, Economics and Society, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, 58455 Witten, Germany;
| | - Daniel Strüder
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery “Otto Körner”, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
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Langan EA, Fink T, Paus R. Is prolactin a negative neuroendocrine regulator of human skin re-epithelisation after wounding? Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:833-841. [PMID: 30244404 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds remain a major unmet healthcare challenge, associated with substantial morbidity and economic costs. Therefore, novel treatment strategies and therapeutic approaches need to be urgently developed. Yet, despite the increasingly recognized importance of neurohormonal signaling in skin physiology, the neuroendocrine regulation of cutaneous wound healing has received surprisingly little attention. Human skin, and its appendages, locally express the pleiotropic neurohormone prolactin (PRL), which not only regulates lactation but also hair follicle cycling, angiogenesis, keratinocyte proliferation, and epithelial stem cell functions. Therefore, we examined the effects of PRL in experimentally wounded female human skin organ culture. Overall, this revealed that PRL slightly, but significantly, inhibited epidermal regeneration (reepithelialisation), cytokeratin 6 protein expression and intraepidermal mitochondrial activity (MTCO1 expression), while it promoted keratinocyte terminal differentiation (i.e. involucrin expression) ex vivo. If the current pilot data are confirmed by further studies, PRL may serve as one of the-rarely studied-negative regulators of cutaneous wound healing that control excessive reepithelialisation. This raises the intriguing and clinically relevant question of whether PRL receptor antagonists could actually promote epidermal repair after human skin wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Langan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.,Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - T Fink
- Department of Dermatology, Klinikum Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - R Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. .,Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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