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Rabelo ACS, Andrade AKDL, Costa DC. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies. Nutrients 2024; 16:1174. [PMID: 38674865 PMCID: PMC11055095 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD) is characterized by the accumulation of lipids in liver cells owing to the metabolism of ethanol. This process leads to a decrease in the NAD+/NADH ratio and the generation of reactive oxygen species. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the role of oxidative stress in AFLD. A total of 201 eligible manuscripts were included, which revealed that animals with AFLD exhibited elevated expression of CYP2E1, decreased enzymatic activity of antioxidant enzymes, and reduced levels of the transcription factor Nrf2, which plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, animals with AFLD exhibited increased levels of lipid peroxidation markers and carbonylated proteins, collectively contributing to a weakened antioxidant defense and increased oxidative damage. The liver damage in AFLD was supported by significantly higher activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes. Moreover, animals with AFLD had increased levels of triacylglycerol in the serum and liver, likely due to reduced fatty acid metabolism caused by decreased PPAR-α expression, which is responsible for fatty acid oxidation, and increased expression of SREBP-1c, which is involved in fatty acid synthesis. With regard to inflammation, animals with AFLD exhibited elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-a, IL-1β, and IL-6. The heightened oxidative stress, along with inflammation, led to an upregulation of cell death markers, such as caspase-3, and an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Overall, the findings of the review and meta-analysis indicate that ethanol metabolism reduces important markers of antioxidant defense while increasing inflammatory and apoptotic markers, thereby contributing to the development of AFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Silveira Rabelo
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35402-163, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35402-163, Brazil
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Yan M, Jin S, Wang Z, Xia T, Liu Y, Chang Q. Limonin counteracts obesity by activating thermogenesis in brown and white adipose tissues. J Funct Foods 2023; 100:105393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Hilmayanti E, Nurlelasari, Supratman U, Kabayama K, Shimoyama A, Fukase K. Limonoids with anti-inflammatory activity: A review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 204:113469. [PMID: 36228704 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The natural limonoids distributed mainly in the Meliaceae and Rutaceae plants are known for their unique and complex structure with high degree oxidation and cyclic rearrangement. However, these compounds exhibit a broad range of biological activities such as insecticidal, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. There is still limited report about the biological activity of the anti-inflammatory effect of limonoids isolated from plants. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of intact, deformed and rearranged limonoids as anti-inflammatory agents. The majority of anti-inflammatory investigations were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays of the isolated pure compounds and their derivatives. For the in vitro study, intact and C-ring seco limonoids showed a potent inhibitory effect against NO production. The in vivo analysis of Intact, C-seco, and AD-seco limonoids showed a potent effect based on the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, indicating their potency as anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Hilmayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Nurlelasari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; Central Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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Zhang J, Yin Y, Xu Q, Che X, Yu C, Ren Y, Li D, Zhao J. Integrated serum pharmacochemistry and investigation of the anti-gastric ulcer effect of Zuojin pill in rats induced by ethanol. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1417-1435. [PMID: 35938492 PMCID: PMC9361771 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2098345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Zuojin Pill (ZJP) has been used to treat gastrointestinal problems in China for hundreds of years. OBJECTIVE To discover more potential active ingredients and evaluate the gastroprotective mechanisms of ZJP. MATERIALS AND METHODS An approach involving UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS and serum pharmacochemistry was established to screen the multiple chemical constituents of ZJP. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into six groups: normal control, ulcer control, omeprazole (30 mg/kg), and three ZJP groups (1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg). After oral treatment with ZJP or omeprazole for 7 days, all groups except the normal control group were orally administered 5 mL/kg ethanol to induce gastric ulceration. Histopathological assessment of gastric tissue was performed by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Antioxidant parameters and inflammatory mediators were determined using ELISA Kit and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Ninety components were identified in ZJP. Among them, 23 prototypes were found in rat serum after oral administration of ZJP. The ulcer inhibition was over 90.0% for all the ZJP groups. Compared with the ulcer control rats, ZJP (4.0 g/kg) enhanced the antioxidant capacity of gastric tissue: superoxide dismutase (1.33-fold), catalase (2.61-fold), glutathione (2.14-fold), and reduced the malondialdehyde level (0.48-fold). Simultaneously, the ZJP meaningfully lowered the content of tumour necrosis factor-α (0.76-fold), interleukin-6 (0.66-fold), myeloperoxidase (0.21-fold), and nuclear factor kappa B (p65) (0.62-fold). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study showed ZJP could mitigate ethanol-induced rat gastric ulcers, which might benefit from the synergistic actions of multiple ingredients. The findings could support the quality control and clinical trials of ZJP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yi Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Che
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Chen Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Luo J, Sun Y, Li Q, Kong L. Research progress of meliaceous limonoids from 2011 to 2021. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1325-1365. [PMID: 35608367 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Covering: July 2010 to December 2021Limonoids, a kind of natural tetranortriterpenoids with diverse skeletons and valuable insecticidal and medicinal bioactivities, are the characteristic metabolites of most plants of the Meliaceae family. The chemistry and bioactivities of meliaceous limonoids are a continuing hot area of natural products research; to date, about 2700 meliaceous limonoids have been identified. In particular, more than 1600, including thirty kinds of novel rearranged skeletons, have been isolated and identified in the past decade due to their wide distribution and abundant content in Meliaceae plants and active biosynthetic pathways. In addition to the discovery of new structures, many positive medicinal bioactivities of meliaceous limonoids have been investigated, and extensive achievements regarding the chemical and biological synthesis have been made. This review summarizes the recent research progress in the discovery of new structures, medicinal and agricultural bioactivities, and chem/biosynthesis of limonoids from the plants of the Meliaceae family during the past decade, with an emphasis on the discovery of limonoids with novel skeletons, the medicinal bioactivities and mechanisms, and chemical synthesis. The structures, origins, and bioactivities of other new limonoids were provided as ESI. Studies published from July 2010 to December 2021 are reviewed, and 482 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunpeng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiurong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Li Y, Yang M, Lin H, Yan W, Deng G, Ye H, Shi H, Wu C, Ma G, Xu S, Tan Q, Gao Z, Gao L. Limonin Alleviates Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Reducing Lipid Accumulation, Suppressing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:801730. [PMID: 35046824 PMCID: PMC8762292 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.801730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and continues to rise in the worldwide. Limonin is a triterpenoid compound widely found in the fruits of citrus plants with a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-viral, anti-oxidation and liver protection properties. However, the potential molecular mechanism of limonin on NAFLD in zebrafish remains unknown. In this study, zebrafish larvae were exposed to thioacetamide to establish an NAFLD model and the larvae were treated with limonin for 72 h simultaneously. The human liver cell line was stimulated with lipid mixture and meanwhile incubated with limonin for 24 h. The results showed that Limonin significantly reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver and down-regulated the levels of lipogenic transcription factors FASN and SREBP1 in NAFLD. Limonin suppressed macrophages infiltration and the down-regulated the relative expression levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α secreted by macrophages. Besides, limonin could reversed the reduction of glutathione and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species through up-regulating NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway in the liver. In conclusion, this study revealed that limonin has a protective effect on NAFLD due to its resistance to lipid deposition as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menghan Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weixin Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixin Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaofeng Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Xu
- Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinxiang Tan
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuowei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Shunde Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yan J, Nie Y, Luo M, Chen Z, He B. Natural Compounds: A Potential Treatment for Alcoholic Liver Disease? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:694475. [PMID: 34290612 PMCID: PMC8287649 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.694475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol intake is a direct cause of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). ALD usually manifests as fatty liver in the initial stage and then develops into alcoholic hepatitis (ASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis. Severe alcoholism induces extensive hepatocyte death, liver failure, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, there are few effective clinical means to treat ALD, except for abstinence. Natural compounds are a class of compounds extracted from herbs with an explicit chemical structure. Several natural compounds, such as silymarin, quercetin, hesperidin, and berberine, have been shown to have curative effects on ALD without side effects. In this review, we pay particular attention to natural compounds and developing clinical drugs based on natural compounds for ALD, with the aim of providing a potential treatment for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunmeng Nie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minmin Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyun Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beihui He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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