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Puwanant M, Mo-Suwan L, Jaruratanasirikul S, Jessadapakorn W. Body-Fat-Percentile Curves for Thai Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020448. [PMID: 36678319 PMCID: PMC9865357 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to generate sex-specific percentile curves for the percentage of body fat (PBF) in Thai children using a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The secondary objective of this study was to determine the association between body fat and other anthropometric measurements. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 3455 Thai school children aged 6-18 years. The body-fat contents were measured using BIA. Smoothed percentile curves of PBF were derived using a scatter plot with a smooth curve fitted by the Loess method. The correlations between the body fat and the anthropometric measurements were assessed using the Spearman's rank correlation. The 50th and lower body-fat-percentile curves of the boys slowly increased until age 12, after which they slightly decreased until age 15 and then slightly increased until age 18. In the higher boys' percentiles, the body fat sharply increased until age 11 and then decreased until age 18. In the girls, the PBF percentiles increased steadily from 6 to 18 years. The body-mass index was strongly correlated with PBF and fat mass in both sexes. The waist-to-height ratios showed strong correlations with PBF and fat mass in the boys but were moderate in the girls. The use of PBF percentile curves can be an additional metric for the evaluation of obesity in Thai children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneerat Puwanant
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai District, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-89-659-4779
| | - Ladda Mo-Suwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai District, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Somchit Jaruratanasirikul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai District, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Wipa Jessadapakorn
- Vachira Phuket Hospital, 353 Yaowarat Road, Talat Yai Subdistrict, Mueang Phuket District, Phuket 83000, Thailand
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Al Alwan I, Alfaraidi H, Al Juraibah F, Al Dubayee M, Babiker A, Tamimi W, Musalli D, Alsheikh M, Badri M. Timing of Puberty and Late Pubertal Height in Saudi Schoolboys: Riyadh Puberty Study II. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:4343596. [PMID: 36311910 PMCID: PMC9613388 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4343596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Puberty has a significant contribution to the final height. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the normal variations in the onset and tempo of puberty in a specific population. In this study, we aimed to provide normative data on the timing of puberty and late pubertal height (LPH) in Saudi schoolboys in Riyadh. METHODS This is a cross-sectional field study (2011-2013) including Saudi schoolboys (grades 1-12; aged 6 to 19 years). Schools were chosen to represent the population from urban and rural areas in the Riyadh region. Pubertal maturity staging for gonads was assessed by measuring testicular size using a Prader orchidometer and assessing the Tanner staging of pubic hair. The marginal mean age was calculated using regression analysis. RESULTS We recruited 1086 schoolboys. The estimated mean age of pubertal onset at G2 was 11.8 (95% CI 11.60-12.0) years, for gonadal development at G3 was 13.2 (95% CI 12.9-13.5), G4 = 15.0 (95% CI 14.7-15.2), and G5 = 16.1 (95% CI 15.9-16.3) years, and for pubic hair stage 2 (PH2) was 12.6 (95% CI 12.4-12.9) years. The estimated time from G2/PH2 to G5/PH5 was 4.3 and 3.9 years, respectively. At the onset of puberty, the mean height was 144.7 cm and it reached 167.8 cm at G5 with a pubertal height gain of 23.1 cm. CONCLUSION Our data present the norms of the timing of puberty and LPH in Saudi schoolboys. Saudi adolescent males are shorter than some European and American comparatives mainly due to shortness during childhood. However, they could have shorter LPH than Turkish, Greek, Thai, and Japanese due to a less pubertal height gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Al Alwan
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical city, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa Alfaraidi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical city, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al Juraibah
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical city, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Al Dubayee
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical city, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Babiker
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical city, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Tamimi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical city, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dania Musalli
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical city, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Alsheikh
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Motasim Badri
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Banaschak S, Ohlrogge S, Froch-Cortis J, Mayer F. Grundlagen der Begutachtung von kinderpornografischen Abbildungen in der Rechtsmedizin. Rechtsmedizin (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00194-021-00503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Segovia-Siapco G, Pribis P, Oda K, Sabaté J. Soy isoflavone consumption and age at pubarche in adolescent males. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:2287-2294. [PMID: 28712053 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Isoflavones have estrogenic properties that may adversely affect pubertal development of boys. We examined if soy isoflavone consumption is associated with age at pubarche (first onset of pubic hair) in a male population with a wide range of soy intake. METHODS Boys aged 12-18 years (n = 248) who attended schools around Adventist universities in Southern California and Michigan self-reported their age at pubarche. Intake of soy isoflavones was assessed using a validated Web-based food frequency questionnaire; consumption levels were designated as low, moderate, and high. Descriptives, time-to-event analysis, and Cox proportional hazards regression that controlled for confounders were performed. RESULTS Energy-adjusted mean intakes were 0.8-54.9 mg/d for total isoflavones, 0.4-22.1 mg/d for daidzein, and 0.4-28.0 mg/d for genistein. Moderate and high total soy isoflavone intake were significantly associated with earlier adjusted median age at pubarche: 12.58 years [RR (95% CI): 1.58 (1.06, 2.36)] for moderate and 12.50 years [RR (95% CI): 1.63 (1.03, 2.60)] for high vs. 13.00 years for low consumers. Similarly, daidzein and genistein consumption was also significantly associated with age at pubarche. No significant associations were found for facial hair for any of the isoflavones. CONCLUSIONS Age at pubarche in this male population widely exposed to soy is within the reported range for boys' pubarcheal age; moderate/high consumers tend to have it earlier compared to low consumers. Further studies are needed to ascertain that substantial exposure to soy isoflavones does not adversely affect pubertal development of boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Segovia-Siapco
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, & Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Drive, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Peter Pribis
- Department of Individual, Family & Community Education, College of Education, University of New Mexico, Hokona Hall 157 MSC05 3040, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Keiji Oda
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, & Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Drive, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Joan Sabaté
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, & Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Drive, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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Takemoto K, Deckelbaum RJ, Saito I, Likitmaskul S, Morandi A, Pinelli L, Ishii E, Kida K, Abdalla M. Adiponectin/resistin levels and insulin resistance in children: a four country comparison study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY 2015; 2015:2. [PMID: 25904939 PMCID: PMC4406215 DOI: 10.1186/1687-9856-2015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background There are few reports on the effects of ethnicity or gender in the association between adipocytokines and insulin resistance in children of different ages. This study assessed associations between serum concentrations of adiponectin/resistin and parameters of insulin resistance in children from 4 different countries. Methods A total of 2,290 children were analyzed in this study; each was from one of 4 different countries (Japan, Thailand, Italy and USA), and grouped according to age (8–11 years old in Group 1 and 12–15 years old in Group 2). Results Adioponectin was higher in female than in male children, and in Group 1 than in Group 2. Generally, adiponectin was lower in Asian as compared to Italian and American children. These tendencies remained even after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) or waist circumstance (WC). Among older children (Group 2), resistin was higher in female than in male children. Significant correlations by non-parametric univariate correlation coefficients and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were found between adiponectin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and fasting serum insulin levels in young Japanese, Italian, and American female children(p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). Correlations between serum adiponectin and HOMA-IR were also found among older male Italian, American, and Thai children (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). In multiple regression analysis by forced entry method, adiponectin correlated with HOMA-IR in Italian and American male children, and in all older female children regardless of country of origin. There was no correlation between resistin and markers of insulin resistance in children from any of the countries. Conclusions We conclude that serum adiponectin concentrations are lower in Asian as compared to Italian and American children, and that adiponectin but not resistin contributes to differences in markers for insulin resistance in children from different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takemoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Richard J Deckelbaum
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Isao Saito
- Basic Nursing and Health Science, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Supawadee Likitmaskul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anita Morandi
- Centre for Pediatric Diabetes, Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, U.L.S.S. 20 and University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pinelli
- Centre for Pediatric Diabetes, Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, U.L.S.S. 20 and University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eiichi Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Kaichi Kida
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Marwah Abdalla
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, USA ; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
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Jaruratanasirikul S, Sriplung H. Secular trends of growth and pubertal maturation of school children in Southern Thailand. Ann Hum Biol 2014; 42:447-54. [PMID: 25230717 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2014.955057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Thailand, studies of growth date back to 1975, but there have been no studies examining any trends in increasing/decreasing growth. AIM To determine if there have been any secular trends of increasing/decreasing growth and/or ages at puberty in Thai children. METHODS In 2012, a cross-sectional study of growth was conducted in 3460 children. The median heights and weights and the ages of pubertal maturation were compared with previous studies. Correlations between the secular trends and the health statistics indicators were calculated. RESULTS From 1975-2012, the median final height of boys and girls had increased by 1.32 and 0.86 cm/decade and weight by 2.49 and 1.76 kg/decade, respectively. In girls, the age at thelarche and menarche had declined by 0.39 and 0.12 years/decade, respectively. In boys, the age at testicular enlargement Tanner II had declined by 0.15 years/decade. Increased physical growth was positively correlated to life expectancy, per capita income and prevalence of overweight/obesity was negatively correlated to prevalence of malnutrition and under-five mortality rate. CONCLUSION The positive secular trend towards an increase in growth and a decline in the age at onset of puberty of Thai children is correlated with improvements in overall living conditions in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hutcha Sriplung
- b Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine , Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai, Songkhla , Thailand
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