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Burahmah E, Shanmugam S, Stansfield B. Full-Day Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Levels of Typically Developing Children and Adolescents in the Middle East: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6940. [PMID: 37887678 PMCID: PMC10606092 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) are important components of physical behaviour associated with long-term health outcomes. Environmental and cultural factors may influence physical behaviour. To explore full day PA and SB in children and adolescents (2-18 years old) in the Middle East, a systematic literature review was performed including 183 journal articles. A wide range of PA and SB outcomes were reported, in some cases making synthesis of results difficult. As a consequence, results were generally reported narratively (MVPA time, total PA, SB time). Meta-regression of daily step count revealed females took 4600 fewer steps than males, with 3000 fewer steps on weekdays than weekends, and overweight individuals taking 2800 fewer steps/day. Steps decreased with age. Meta-regression for TV viewing time demonstrated an increase by 0.04 h per year of age. Even though environmental and cultural conditions may be different, PA and SB of children and adolescents in the Middle East were largely comparable to those of Europeans and North Americans. The wide range of data collection instruments used (both self-report questionnaire and body-worn devices) and heterogeneity of data made synthesis of reported data across studies very difficult, suggesting a need for greater standardisation of data collection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ben Stansfield
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; (E.B.); (S.S.)
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Tourani-Farani F, Kazemi I. Transformed mixed-effects modeling of correlated bounded and positive data with a novel multivariate generalized Johnson distribution. J MULTIVARIATE ANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmva.2022.104954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Campos D, Escudero-Marín M, Snitman CM, Torres-Espínola FJ, Azaryah H, Catena A, Campoy C. The Nutritional Profile of Food Advertising for School-Aged Children via Television: A Longitudinal Approach. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7110230. [PMID: 33212760 PMCID: PMC7698276 DOI: 10.3390/children7110230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity continues to increase. Screen time, one of the most documented reasons for the obesogenic environment, enhances childhood obesity, since advertisements for unhealthy food products are still broadcast on channels for children. This is presently one of the main challenges for the government in Spain, since the current laws and obligations are not updated. This study aims to analyze food advertising aimed at children on Spanish television in 2013 and 2018 on children's and general channels to test the effect of laws and obligations over time. In total, we viewed 512 h of the most viewed channels, two children's and two general channels, during the week and on weekends during specific periods of 2013 and 2018. Food advertising was categorized as core, non-core, and other food advertisement (CFA, NCFA, and OFA, respectively) according to the nutritional profile. A total of 2935 adverts were analyzed, 1263 in 2013 and 1672 in 2018. A higher proportion of NCFAs were broadcast on children's channels than in prior years, rising from 52.2% to 69.8% (p < 0.001). Nowadays, the risk of watching NCFAs on children's channels compared to general channels turns out to be higher (Odds ratio > 2.5; p < 0.001), due to exposure to adverts for high-sugar and high-fat foods such as cakes, muffins, cookies, and fried and frozen meals rich in fat. In conclusion, the trends of nutritional profiles in food advertising on television are worsening over time, since the prevalence of NCFAs was higher in 2018 than in 2013. Currently, CFAs are not mainly broadcast on children's channels, confirming high-risk exposure to non-core food advertising by watching them. Thus, food advertising laws and obligations should be adapted to increase compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Campos
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.E.-M.); (F.J.T.-E.); (H.A.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (C.C.); Tel.: +34-678-725-790 (D.C.); +34-607-631-601 (C.C.)
| | - Mireia Escudero-Marín
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.E.-M.); (F.J.T.-E.); (H.A.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Camila M. Snitman
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Torres-Espínola
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.E.-M.); (F.J.T.-E.); (H.A.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Hatim Azaryah
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.E.-M.); (F.J.T.-E.); (H.A.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Andrés Catena
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour International Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.E.-M.); (F.J.T.-E.); (H.A.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs-GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada’s Node, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (C.C.); Tel.: +34-678-725-790 (D.C.); +34-607-631-601 (C.C.)
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Alamolhoda M, Heydari ST, Ayatollahi SMT, Tabrizi R, Akbari M, Ardalan A. A multivariate multilevel analysis of the risk factors associated with anthropometric indices in Iranian mid-adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:191. [PMID: 32359351 PMCID: PMC7195711 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was conducted to jointly assess some specific factors related to body fat measures using a multivariate multilevel analysis in a representative sample of Iranian mid-adolescents. METHODS This study was conducted among 2538 students (1286 boys) aged 14-20 years old, who were randomly selected among 16 public high schools by multi-stage random sampling procedure from all education districts of Shiraz, Iran. Data on demographic characteristics, family history of obesity, physical activity, socio-economic (SES) variables and screen time were collected. Height, weight, triceps (TST), abdominal (AST), and subscapular (SST) skinfold thickness were measured and their body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A multivariate multilevel approach was used to analyze the factors associated with obesity measures of the TST, AST, SST at the child and district levels. RESULTS In this study, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated to be 10.2 and 5.1%, respectively. Overall, the major portion of the total variance in TST (97.1%), AST (97.7%), and SST (97.5%) was found at the child level. The results of multivariate multilevel method revealed that being girls, having a family history of obesity, and SES were significantly associated with increasing of three body fat measures (all the p-values were less than 0.05). There were significant positive associations between moderate to vigorous physical activities with AST and SST (for AST: β =2.54, SE = 1.40, p = 0.05; for SST: β =2.24, SE = 1.20, p = 0.05). Compared to children in 14-16 age group, children in age group 16-18 years had less TST (β = - 0.67, SE = 0.34, p = 0.04). Furthermore, other age groups and screen time did not play an important role in three outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS The results showed some factors that contribute to three body fat measures. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective interventions to prevent the effects of individual and environmental undesirable factors on childhood obesity in both family and community levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Alamolhoda
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Reza Tabrizi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Ardalan
- Department of Mathematics, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
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Jansen EC, Dunietz GL, Tsimpanouli ME, Guyer HM, Shannon C, Hershner SD, O'Brien LM, Baylin A. Sleep, Diet, and Cardiometabolic Health Investigations: a Systematic Review of Analytic Strategies. Curr Nutr Rep 2019; 7:235-258. [PMID: 30187293 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-018-0240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Poor sleep is a risk factor for cardiometabolic morbidity. The relationship of sleep and cardiometabolic health could be confounded, mediated, or modified by diet, yet the incorporation of diet in sleep-cardiometabolic health studies is inconsistent. This rapid systematic literature review evaluates the conceptualization of diet as a confounder, mediator, or effect modifier within sleep-cardiometabolic health investigations, and the statistical approaches utilized. RECENT FINDINGS Of 4692 studies identified, 60 were retained (28 adult, 32 pediatric). Most studies included diet patterns, quality, or energy intake as confounders, while a few examined these dietary variables as mediators or effect modifiers. There was some evidence, mostly in pediatric studies, that inclusion of diet altered sleep-cardiometabolic health associations. Diet plays a diverse role within sleep-cardiometabolic health associations. Investigators should carefully consider the conceptualization of diet variables in these relationships and utilize contemporary statistical approaches when applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Jansen
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, C728 Med Inn Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Galit Levi Dunietz
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, C728 Med Inn Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Maria-Efstratia Tsimpanouli
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, C728 Med Inn Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Heidi M Guyer
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carol Shannon
- Taubman Health Sciences Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shelley D Hershner
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, C728 Med Inn Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Louise M O'Brien
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, C728 Med Inn Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ana Baylin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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