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Nettore IC, Palatucci G, Ungaro P, Scidà G, Corrado A, De Vito R, Vitale M, Rivieccio AM, Annuzzi G, Bozzetto L, Colao A, Macchia PE. Flavor and taste recognition impairments in people with type 1 diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:57. [PMID: 39095342 PMCID: PMC11297142 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Adherence to dietary recommendations is a critical component in the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Taste and flavor significantly influence food choices. The aim of this study was to investigate taste sensitivity and flavor recognition ability in adults with T1D compared to healthy individuals. SUBJECTS/METHODS Seventy-two people with T1D and 72 matched healthy controls participated in the study. Participants underwent the gustometry test for sweet, sour, salty, and bitter tastes and the flavor test, which consisted of oral administration of aqueous aromatic solutions identifying 21 different compounds. RESULTS Participants with T1D had significantly lower flavor scores and gustometry scores than controls (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0063, respectively). T1D individuals showed a lower perception of sour, bitter and salty tastes than controls, while the perception of sweet taste was similar. The sex differences and age-related decline in flavor perception observed in controls were not present in the participants with T1D. Neither BMI nor disease-related parameters such as fasting blood glucose on the day of the study, glycosylated hemoglobin, age at onset of diabetes, duration of diabetes, or type of insulin treatment (insulin pump or multiple daily injections) correlated with flavor and taste perception in the T1D participants. CONCLUSIONS Flavor and taste perception are impaired in adults with T1D, potentially affecting dietary adherence and food choices. This highlights the need for further research into the mechanisms underlying sensory changes in T1D and emphasizes the importance of targeted dietary interventions to improve health outcomes and quality of life in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Cristina Nettore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palatucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Ungaro
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scidà
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Corrado
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa De Vito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Rivieccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Annuzzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Emidio Macchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
- UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Caramalho I, Matoso P, Ligeiro D, Paixão T, Sobral D, Fitas AL, Limbert C, Demengeot J, Penha-Gonçalves C. The rare DRB1*04:08-DQ8 haplotype is the main HLA class II genetic driver and discriminative factor of Early-onset Type 1 diabetes in the Portuguese population. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1299609. [PMID: 38318503 PMCID: PMC10839680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1299609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early-onset Type 1 diabetes (EOT1D) is considered a disease subtype with distinctive immunological and clinical features. While both Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) and non-HLA variants contribute to age at T1D diagnosis, detailed analyses of EOT1D-specific genetic determinants are still lacking. This study scrutinized the involvement of the HLA class II locus in EOT1D genetic control. Methods We conducted genetic association and regularized logistic regression analyses to evaluate genotypic, haplotypic and allelic variants in DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 genes in children with EOT1D (diagnosed at ≤5 years of age; n=97), individuals with later-onset disease (LaOT1D; diagnosed 8-30 years of age; n=96) and nondiabetic control subjects (n=169), in the Portuguese population. Results Allelic association analysis of EOT1D and LaOT1D unrelated patients in comparison with controls, revealed that the rare DRB1*04:08 allele is a distinctive EOT1D susceptibility factor (corrected p-value=7.0x10-7). Conversely, the classical T1D risk allele DRB1*04:05 was absent in EOT1D children while was associated with LaOT1D (corrected p-value=1.4x10-2). In corroboration, HLA class II haplotype analysis showed that the rare DRB1*04:08-DQ8 haplotype is specifically associated with EOT1D (corrected p-value=1.4x10-5) and represents the major HLA class II genetic driver and discriminative factor in the development of early onset disease. Discussion This study uncovered that EOT1D holds a distinctive spectrum of HLA class II susceptibility loci, which includes risk factors overlapping with LaOT1D and discriminative genetic configurations. These findings warrant replication studies in larger multicentric settings encompassing other ethnicities and may impact target screening strategies and follow-up of young children with high T1D genetic risk as well as personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Caramalho
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula Matoso
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Dário Ligeiro
- Centro de Sangue e Transplantação de Lisboa, Instituto Português do Sangue e Transplantação, Unidade de Imunocirurgia e Imunoterapia, Fundação Champalimaud, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Paixão
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Laura Fitas
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central (CHULC)/Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Limbert
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central (CHULC)/Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Sińska BI, Kucharska A, Czarnecka K, Harton A, Szypowska A, Traczyk I. Sensitivity to Sweet and Salty Tastes in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010172. [PMID: 36615831 PMCID: PMC9824369 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste function impairment is observed in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). It is most often related to sweet taste. It is associated with such factors as diabetic neuropathy, smoking, age, duration of the disease and a rigorous diet that eliminates easily digestible carbohydrates. The aim of the study was to compare sensitivity to sweet and salty tastes between healthy children and adolescents and children and adolescents with T1D. The study group consisted of children with T1D (n = 35), with at least 5 years of disease history, while the group of healthy children included 46 individuals selected in terms of age, gender and BMI. A study concerning the perception of sweet and salty taste was carried out with the use of the specific gustometry method (examining the recognition and assessment of the intensity of taste sensations, performing a hedonic assessment). Children and adolescents from both groups had trouble recognising tastes. Children and adolescents with T1D were more likely to recognise sweet taste correctly even at its lower concentrations compared to healthy individuals (p = 0.04). Salty taste was significantly more often correctly identified by healthy children compared to T1D patients (p = 0.01). Children and adolescents with T1D reported a stronger intensity of perceived tastes than healthy ones. No significant differences in perceived pleasure were noted at lower sucrose concentrations in any group. The intensity score was higher in individuals with T1D at higher sucrose concentrations. No significant differences occurred in the assessment of salty taste intensity. The hedonic scoring of solutions with higher concentrations of sweet taste was higher in people with T1D than in healthy ones, while salty taste was assessed neutrally. Children and adolescents with T1D were demonstrated to have some taste recognition disorders. Therefore, monitoring taste function in pediatric diabetic clinical practice seems relevant, as it may be associated with important implications for the intake of a particular type of food and for the development of eating habits and preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata I. Sińska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 27 Erazma Ciołka Street, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Alicja Kucharska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 27 Erazma Ciołka Street, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czarnecka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 27 Erazma Ciołka Street, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Harton
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szypowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Traczyk
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 27 Erazma Ciołka Street, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
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Dettmer R, Niwolik I, Cirksena K, Yoshimoto T, Tang Y, Mehmeti I, Gurgul-Convey E, Naujok O. Proinflammatory cytokines induce rapid, NO-independent apoptosis, expression of chemotactic mediators and interleukin-32 secretion in human pluripotent stem cell-derived beta cells. Diabetologia 2022; 65:829-843. [PMID: 35122482 PMCID: PMC8960637 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to examine the effects of proinflammatory cytokines on cells of different developmental stages during the generation of stem cell-derived beta cells (SC-beta cells) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). We wanted to find out to what extent human SC-beta cells are suitable as an experimental cellular model and, with regard to a possible therapeutic use, whether SC-beta cells have a comparable vulnerability to cytokines as bona fide beta cells. METHODS hPSCs were differentiated towards pancreatic organoids (SC-organoids) using a 3D production protocol. SC-beta cells and non-insulin-producing cells were separated by FACS and differential gene expression profiles of purified human SC-beta cells, progenitor stages and the human beta cell line EndoC-βH1, as a reference, were determined after 24 h incubation with the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ via a transcriptome microarray. Furthermore, we investigated apoptosis based on caspase cleavage, the generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of mitogen-activated protein-kinase (MAPK) stress-signalling pathways. RESULTS A 24 h exposure of SC-beta cells to proinflammatory cytokines resulted in significant activation of caspase 3/7 and apoptosis via the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis signalling pathways. At this time point, SC-beta cells showed a markedly higher sensitivity towards proinflammatory cytokines than non-insulin-producing cells and EndoC-βH1 cells. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate the generation of reactive oxygen species and rule out the involvement of NO-mediated stress. A transient activation of stress-signalling pathways p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was already observed after 10 min of cytokine exposure. The transcriptome analysis revealed that the cellular response to proinflammatory cytokines increased with the degree of differentiation of the cells. Cytokines induced the expression of multiple inflammatory mediators including IL-32, CXCL9 and CXCL10 in SC-beta cells and in non-insulin-producing cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results indicate that human SC-beta cells respond to proinflammatory cytokines very similarly to human islets. Due to the fast and fulminant cellular response of SC-beta cells, we conclude that SC-beta cells represent a suitable model for diabetes research. In light of the immaturity of SC-beta cells, they may be an attractive model for developmentally young beta cells as they are, for example, present in patients with early-onset type 1 diabetes. The secretion of chemotactic signals may promote communication between SC-beta cells and immune cells, and non-insulin-producing cells possibly participate in the overall immune response and are thus capable of amplifying the immune response and further stimulating inflammation. We demonstrated that cytokine-treated SC-organoids secrete IL-32, which is considered a promising candidate for type 1 diabetes onset. This underlines the need to ensure the survival of SC-beta cells in an autoimmune environment such as that found in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabea Dettmer
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabell Niwolik
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karsten Cirksena
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Toshiaki Yoshimoto
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yadi Tang
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ilir Mehmeti
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ewa Gurgul-Convey
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ortwin Naujok
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Catamo E, Robino A, Tinti D, Dovc K, Franceschi R, Giangreco M, Gasparini P, Barbi E, Cauvin V, Rabbone I, Battelino T, Tornese G. Altered Taste Function in Young Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes. Front Nutr 2022; 8:797920. [PMID: 35096943 PMCID: PMC8790289 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.797920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Past studies on altered taste function in individuals with type 1 diabetes have yielded inconsistent results. We therefore evaluated taste recognition and possible association with personal and diseases characteristics in young individuals with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls. Taste recognition and intensity for 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), quinine, citric acid, sucrose, and sodium chloride were assessed using a filter paper method in 276 participants with type 1 diabetes and 147 healthy controls. Personal and clinical data were recorded for all participants during a baseline visit. Regression analysis was adjusted for sex, age, and standardized BMI. Overall, 47% of participants with type 1 diabetes vs. 63.5% of healthy controls recognized all tastes (p = 0.006). Moreover, a lower capacity for recognizing the bitter taste of PROP and the sour taste of citric acid was found in participants with type 1 diabetes compared to healthy controls (p = 0.014 and p = 0.003, respectively). While no significant effect of glycemic control on taste recognition was found, an association with lower age at onset emerged. Our findings suggest an impaired taste perception in individuals with type 1 diabetes, possibly linked to age at onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulalia Catamo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Burlo Garofolo (IRCCS), Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonietta Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Burlo Garofolo (IRCCS), Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Tinti
- Center for Pediatric Diabetology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Klemen Dovc
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Manuela Giangreco
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Burlo Garofolo (IRCCS), Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Burlo Garofolo (IRCCS), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Egidio Barbi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Burlo Garofolo (IRCCS), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cauvin
- Division of Pediatrics, S. Chiara General Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Ivana Rabbone
- Center for Pediatric Diabetology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy.,Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gianluca Tornese
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Burlo Garofolo (IRCCS), Trieste, Italy
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Interleukin-7 and soluble Interleukin-7 receptor levels in type 1 diabetes – Impact of IL7RA polymorphisms, HLA risk genotypes and clinical features. Clin Immunol 2022; 235:108928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.108928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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