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Fornari R, Francomano D, Greco EA, Marocco C, Lubrano C, Wannenes F, Papa V, Bimonte VM, Donini LM, Lenzi A, Aversa A, Migliaccio S. Lean mass in obese adult subjects correlates with higher levels of vitamin D, insulin sensitivity and lower inflammation. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:367-72. [PMID: 25352234 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Several chronic metabolic alterations are present in obese subjects. While it is well known about the detrimental effect of abdominal adipose tissue on chronic metabolic clinical condition, less is known on the role of lean mass in obese subjects. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate the potential correlation of muscle mass, metabolic condition and inflammation status in obese individuals. METHODS The study included 426 obese subjects (86 men and 340 female; mean age 44.8 ± 14 years; BMI: 34.9 ± 6.1 kg/m(2)). Exclusion criteria were chronic medical conditions or use of medications affecting bone metabolism, alterations of hormonal and nutritional status, vitamin D supplementation, recent weight loss and prior bariatric surgery. Patients underwent measurements of bone mineral density (lumbar and hip) and body composition (lean mass, total and trunk fat mass) by dual X-ray absorptiometry and were evaluated for hormonal and metabolic profile and inflammatory markers. RESULTS Higher lean body mass (LM%) was inversely correlated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (p < 0.0091; r(2) 0.03938) and associated with lower fibrinogen levels (p < 0.0001; r(2) 0.1263). Interestingly, in obese subjects, LM% was associated with higher levels of vitamin D (p < 0.0001, r(2) 0.1140), osteocalcin (p < 0.0001, r(2) 0.2401) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (p < 0.0002, r(2) 0.1367). CONCLUSION Our results show for the first time that in obese patients, higher amounts of lean mass are directly linked to a lower inflammatory profile and to better insulin sensitivity, but also to the presence of higher level of vitamin D and IGF-1. Moreover, these data suggest that higher levels of lean mass in obese people correlate with a better metabolic profile and, thus, strongly suggest the need to develop programs to facilitate an increase in physical activity in obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fornari
- Department Experimental Medicine, Section Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University "Sapienza" of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Francomano
- Department Experimental Medicine, Section Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University "Sapienza" of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E A Greco
- Department Experimental Medicine, Section Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University "Sapienza" of Rome, Rome, Italy
- LiSa Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria "Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - C Marocco
- Department Experimental Medicine, Section Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University "Sapienza" of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Lubrano
- Department Experimental Medicine, Section Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University "Sapienza" of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Wannenes
- LiSa Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria "Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University "Foro Italico" of Rome, Largo Lauro De Bosis 15, 00195, Rome, Italy
| | - V Papa
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University "Foro Italico" of Rome, Largo Lauro De Bosis 15, 00195, Rome, Italy
| | - V M Bimonte
- LiSa Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria "Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University "Foro Italico" of Rome, Largo Lauro De Bosis 15, 00195, Rome, Italy
| | - L M Donini
- Department Experimental Medicine, Section Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University "Sapienza" of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Lenzi
- Department Experimental Medicine, Section Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University "Sapienza" of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Aversa
- Department Experimental Medicine, Section Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University "Sapienza" of Rome, Rome, Italy
- LiSa Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria "Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S Migliaccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University "Foro Italico" of Rome, Largo Lauro De Bosis 15, 00195, Rome, Italy.
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Alderete TL, Byrd-Williams CE, Toledo-Corral CM, Conti DV, Weigensberg MJ, Goran MI. Relationships between IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 and adiposity in obese African-American and Latino adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:933-8. [PMID: 20885383 PMCID: PMC3081365 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2010.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine interrelationships between insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), and adiposity in 49 African-American and 77 Latino obese adolescents (15.3 ± 0.1 and 15.4 ± 0.2 years; BMI: 33.0 ± 0.7 and 35.0 ± 1.0 kg/m(2), respectively). Immunoradiometric assays were used to measure IGF-1, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-3. Total fat and soft lean tissue were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT), and hepatic fat fraction (HFF) were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. IGF-1 levels were 23.1% higher and IGFBP-1 were 40.4% higher in African Americans compared to Latinos after adjustment for total lean and total fat mass. IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 were inversely correlated with BMI, total fat mass, VAT, and HFF (r = -0.20 to -0.33, P < 0.05) while IGFBP-1 was inversely correlated with SAAT (r = -0.22, P < 0.05). These relationships did not differ by ethnicity, however, the relationship between IGF-1 and SAAT, as well as IGFBP-1 and HFF, differed by ethnicity. Predicted mean IGF-1 levels were 30.7% higher for African Americans at the 75th compared to 25th percentile of SAAT and only 11.7% higher for Latinos. Predicted mean IGFBP-1 levels were 158% higher for African Americans at the 25th compared to the 75th percentile of HFF while IGFBP-1 levels were 1.7% higher for Latinos at the 75th compared to the 25th percentile. These results demonstrate that the relationship between IGF-1 and SAAT as well as IGFBP-1 and HFF are different in African-American and Latino adolescents and may contribute to the higher IGF-1 levels in African-Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya L. Alderete
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine
| | | | | | - David V. Conti
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine
| | | | - Michael I. Goran
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine
- Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
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Veneroni GB, Meirelles SL, Grossi DA, Gasparin G, Ibelli AMG, Tizioto PC, Oliveira HN, Alencar MM, Regitano LCA. Prospecting candidate SNPs for backfat in Canchim beef cattle. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2010; 9:1997-2003. [PMID: 20957603 DOI: 10.4238/vol9-4gmr788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Canchim is a composite cattle breed developed in Brazil for beef production. One of the breeding objectives is to increase fat deposition. QTLs for fat thickness and/or marbling have been reported on BTA4 and BTA14. The IGFBP3 and DDEF1 genes, mapped to BTA4 and BTA14, respectively, affect adipogenesis. We looked for SNPs in the IGFBP3 and DDEF1 genes that could be associated with backfat thickness in Canchim beef cattle. For SNP identification, sires with the highest accuracy were ranked according to expected breeding value for fat thickness; the 12 extremes (six sires with the highest and six with the lowest expected breeding value for the trait) were chosen. Six regions of the IGFBP3 and 14 regions of the DDEF1 were sequenced using the Sanger method. Nine SNPs were identified in IGFBP3 and 76 in the DDEF1. After an initial analysis, two SNPs were selected to be genotyped for the whole population; these were DDEF1g.279401A>G and IGFBP3c.4394T>C(Trp>Arg). We found a significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) of allele substitution on backfat thickness; however, the IGFBP3 SNP did not significantly affect this trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Veneroni
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
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Adam TC, Hasson RE, Ventura EE, Toledo-Corral C, Le KA, Mahurkar S, Lane CJ, Weigensberg MJ, Goran MI. Cortisol is negatively associated with insulin sensitivity in overweight Latino youth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:4729-35. [PMID: 20660036 PMCID: PMC3050109 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of serum morning cortisol and aspects of insulin action in Latino children and adolescents (8-13 yr) at risk for type 2 diabetes. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS The present study includes a cross-sectional analysis in 211 participants and a longitudinal analysis in a subset of 143 participants. RESULTS At baseline, cortisol was negatively associated with fasting glucose (r = 0.23; P < 0.01), β-cell function (disposition index, r = -0.24; P < 0.05), and acute insulin response to glucose (r = -0.27; P < 0.05). Baseline cortisol was also significantly related to the change in insulin sensitivity over 1 yr (r = -0.23; P < 0.05). These results did not differ by Tanner stage or sex. CONCLUSIONS Cortisol contributes to the reduction in insulin sensitivity at an early age in Latino children and adolescents. Specifically, cortisol is negatively associated with potential compensatory mechanisms for insulin resistance, such as increased β-cell function and increased insulin release to a glucose challenge, by exacerbating the progression toward insulin resistance in this population. The results underline the relevance of glucocorticoid reduction for the prevention of metabolic disease in Latino children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja C Adam
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Speakman JR, Goran MI. Tissue-specificity and ethnic diversity in obesity-related risk of cancer may be explained by variability in insulin response and insulin signaling pathways. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:1071-8. [PMID: 20150900 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2010.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a predisposing risk factor for several chronic diseases. The link between obesity and cancer appears to be particularly complex. Notably only the risk for development of specific cancers appear to be affected. Moreover, the obesity-related risk of cancer is very different across ethnic groups. African-Americans appear particularly prone, whereas Hispanics appear to be relatively protected. Obesity is associated with increased levels of circulating insulin. These levels of elevated insulin may serve to promote proliferation of fat cells to accommodate the elevated nutrient flux. However, elevated levels of insulin may be a major mediating factor influencing cancer risk. This hypothesis alone cannot explain the complexity of the phenomenon. We suggest here that the different insulin responses to obesity of different ethnic groups may explain their different risk profiles. Moreover, we speculate that tissue-specific variations in the insulin signaling pathways may underlie their differential susceptibility to tumorigenesis in the face of elevated obesity. Elevated cancer risk may be an unwanted side effect of insulin responding to elevated nutrient flux in the obese which it serves to proliferate fat cells that provide a location for storage of ingested fat, which consequently prevents ectopic fat storage. Hence, while Hispanics may be protected from cancer risk in obesity because of their lower insulin response, they have an elevated risk of fatty liver disease. Reduction of insulin levels in obesity as a strategy to reduce cancer risk may pose additional problems unless it is combined also with interventions that aim to limit nutrient influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Speakman
- Aberdeen Centre for Energy Regulation and Obesity (ACERO), Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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