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Zhao L, Ma D, Wang L, Su X, Feng L, Zhu L, Chen Y, Hao Y, Wang X, Feng J. Metabolic changes with the occurrence of atherosclerotic plaques and the effects of statins. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1301051. [PMID: 38143759 PMCID: PMC10739339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1301051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disease caused by the abnormal expression of multiple factors and genes influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The primary manifestation of atherosclerosis is plaque formation, which occurs when inflammatory cells consume excess lipids, affecting their retention and modification within the arterial intima. This triggers endothelial cell (EC) activation, immune cell infiltration, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration, foam cell formation, lipid streaks, and fibrous plaque development. These processes can lead to vascular wall sclerosis, lumen stenosis, and thrombosis. Immune cells, ECs, and VSMCs in atherosclerotic plaques undergo significant metabolic changes and inflammatory responses. The interaction of cytokines and chemokines secreted by these cells leads to the onset, progression, and regression of atherosclerosis. The regulation of cell- or cytokine-based immune responses is a novel therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis. Statins are currently the primary pharmacological agents utilised for managing unstable plaques owing to their ability to enhance endothelial function, regulate VSMC proliferation and apoptosis by reducing cholesterol levels, and mitigate the expression and activity of inflammatory cytokines. In this review, we provide an overview of the metabolic changes associated with atherosclerosis, describe the effects of inflammatory responses on atherosclerotic plaques, and discuss the mechanisms through which statins contribute to plaque stabilisation. Additionally, we examine the role of statins in combination with other drugs in the management of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Di Ma
- Bethune First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - LiJuan Wang
- Bethune First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Yang G, Sun M, Wang Z, Hu Q, Guo J, Yu J, Lei C, Dang R. Comparative Genomics Identifies the Evolutionarily Conserved Gene TPM3 as a Target of eca-miR-1 Involved in the Skeletal Muscle Development of Donkeys. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15440. [PMID: 37895119 PMCID: PMC10607226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Species within the genus Equus are valued for their draft ability. Skeletal muscle forms the foundation of the draft ability of Equus species; however, skeletal muscle development-related conserved genes and their target miRNAs are rarely reported for Equus. In this study, a comparative genomics analysis was performed among five species (horse, donkey, zebra, cattle, and goat), and the results showed that a total of 15,262 (47.43%) genes formed the core gene set of the five species. Only nine chromosomes (Chr01, Chr02, Chr03, Chr06, Chr10, Chr18, Chr22, Chr27, Chr29, and Chr30) exhibited a good collinearity relationship among Equus species. The micro-synteny analysis results showed that TPM3 was evolutionarily conserved in chromosome 1 in Equus. Furthermore, donkeys were used as the model species for Equus to investigate the genetic role of TPM3 in muscle development. Interestingly, the results of comparative transcriptomics showed that the TPM3 gene was differentially expressed in donkey skeletal muscle S1 (2 months old) and S2 (24 months old), as verified via RT-PCR. Dual-luciferase test analysis showed that the TPM3 gene was targeted by differentially expressed miRNA (eca-miR-1). Furthermore, a total of 17 TPM3 gene family members were identified in the whole genome of donkey, and a heatmap analysis showed that EaTPM3-5 was a key member of the TPM3 gene family, which is involved in skeletal muscle development. In conclusion, the TPM3 gene was conserved in Equus, and EaTPM3-5 was targeted by eca-miR-1, which is involved in skeletal muscle development in donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruihua Dang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (G.Y.); (M.S.); (Z.W.); (Q.H.); (J.G.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
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Liu QJ, Yuan W, Yang P, Shao C. Role of glycolysis in diabetic atherosclerosis. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1478-1492. [PMID: 37970130 PMCID: PMC10642412 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a kind of typical metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the most common complications of diabetes. Modern lifestyles and trends that promote overconsumption and unhealthy practices have contributed to an increase in the annual incidence of diabetic AS worldwide, which has created a heavy burden on society. Several studies have shown the significant effects of glycolysis-related changes on the occurrence and development of diabetic AS, which may serve as novel thera-peutic targets for diabetic AS in the future. Glycolysis is an important metabolic pathway that generates energy in various cells of the blood vessel wall. In particular, it plays a vital role in the physiological and pathological activities of the three important cells, Endothelial cells, macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. There are lots of similar mechanisms underlying diabetic and common AS, the former is more complex. In this article, we describe the role and mechanism underlying glycolysis in diabetic AS, as well as the therapeutic targets, such as trained immunity, microRNAs, gut microbiota, and associated drugs, with the aim to provide some new perspectives and potentially feasible programs for the treatment of diabetic AS in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Jia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
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Salido S, Alejo-Armijo A, Altarejos J. Synthesis and hLDH Inhibitory Activity of Analogues to Natural Products with 2,8-Dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Scaffold. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9925. [PMID: 37373073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lactate dehydrogenase (hLDH) is a tetrameric enzyme present in almost all tissues. Among its five different isoforms, hLDHA and hLDHB are the predominant ones. In the last few years, hLDHA has emerged as a therapeutic target for the treatment of several kinds of disorders, including cancer and primary hyperoxaluria. hLDHA inhibition has been clinically validated as a safe therapeutic method and clinical trials using biotechnological approaches are currently being evaluated. Despite the well-known advantages of pharmacological treatments based on small-molecule drugs, few compounds are currently in preclinical stage. We have recently reported the detection of some 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core derivatives as new hLDHA inhibitors. Here, we extended our work synthesizing a large number of derivatives (42-70) by reaction between flavylium salts (27-35) and several nucleophiles (36-41). Nine 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives showed IC50 values lower than 10 µM against hLDHA and better activity than our previously reported compound 2. In order to know the selectivity of the synthesized compounds against hLDHA, their hLDHB inhibitory activities were also measured. In particular, compounds 58, 62a, 65b, and 68a have shown the lowest IC50 values against hLDHA (3.6-12.0 µM) and the highest selectivity rate (>25). Structure-activity relationships have been deduced. Kinetic studies using a Lineweaver-Burk double-reciprocal plot have indicated that both enantiomers of 68a and 68b behave as noncompetitive inhibitors on hLDHA enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Salido
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Alfonso Alejo-Armijo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Joaquín Altarejos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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Peng G, Yan J, Chen L, Li L. Glycometabolism reprogramming: Implications for cardiovascular diseases. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 179:26-37. [PMID: 36963725 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Glycometabolism is well known for its roles as the main source of energy, which mainly includes three metabolic pathways: oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway. The orderly progress of glycometabolism is the basis for the maintenance of cardiovascular function. However, upon exposure to harmful stimuli, the intracellular glycometabolism changes or tends to shift toward another glycometabolism pathway more suitable for its own development and adaptation. This shift away from the normal glycometabolism is also known as glycometabolism reprogramming, which is commonly related to the occurrence and aggravation of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we elucidate the physiological role of glycometabolism in the cardiovascular system and summarize the mechanisms by which glycometabolism drives cardiovascular diseases, including diabetes, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, atherosclerosis, and pulmonary hypertension. Collectively, directing GMR back to normal glycometabolism might provide a therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolong Peng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jialong Yan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Guan Z, Lu R, Sun Y, Wang X, Yu C, Song T. Regulation of oxidized LDL-induced proliferation and migration in human vascular smooth muscle cells by a novel circ_0007478/miR-638/ROCK2 ceRNA network. Vasc Med 2023; 28:6-17. [PMID: 36759934 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x221137617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS) and the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) under oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Here, we defined the exact action of human circ_0007478 in VSMC migration and proliferation induced by ox-LDL. METHODS Human VSMCs (HVSMCs) were exposed to ox-LDL. Circ_0007478, microRNA (miR)-638, and rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) levels were gauged by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed by MTT and EdU assays, respectively. Transwell assays were used to detect cell migration and invasion. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were used to evaluate the direct relationship between miR-638 and circ_0007478 or ROCK2. RESULTS Our data indicated that circ_0007478 expression was augmented in AS serum samples and ox-LDL-treated HVSMCs. Depletion of circ_0007478 attenuated HVSMC proliferation, migration, and invasion induced by ox-LDL. Mechanistically, circ_0007478 targeted miR-638 by directly pairing to miR-638. Reduction of miR-638 reversed the effects of circ_0007478 depletion on ox-LDL-evoked proliferation, migration, and invasion in HVSMCs. ROCK2 was a direct miR-638 target and miR-638-mediated inhibition of ROCK2 relieved ox-LDL-evoked HVSMC proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, circ_0007478 was identified as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-638 to modulate ROCK2 expression. CONCLUSION Our present study establishes an undescribed ceRNA regulatory network, in which circ_0007478 targets miR-638 to upregulate ROCK2, thereby contributing to ox-LDL-induced proliferation and migration in HVSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Guan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ran Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaogao Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Chaowen Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Jia Y, Mao C, Ma Z, Huang J, Li W, Ma X, Zhang S, Li M, Yu F, Sun Y, Chen J, Feng J, Zhou Y, Xu Q, Zhao L, Fu Y, Kong W. PHB2 Maintains the Contractile Phenotype of VSMCs by Counteracting PKM2 Splicing. Circ Res 2022; 131:807-824. [PMID: 36200440 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) accounts for the pathogenesis of a variety of vascular diseases during the early stage. Recent studies indicate the metabolic reprogramming may be involved in VSMC phenotypic transition. However, the definite molecules that link energy metabolism to distinct VSMC phenotype remain elusive. METHODS A carotid artery injury model was used to study postinjury neointima formation as well as VSMC phenotypic transition in vivo. RNA-seq analysis, cell migration assay, collagen gel contraction assay, wire myography assay, immunoblotting, protein interactome analysis, co-immunoprecipitation, and mammalian 2-hybrid assay were performed to clarify the phenotype and elucidate the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS We collected cell energy-regulating genes by using Gene Ontology annotation and applied RNA-Seq analysis of transforming growth factor-β or platelet-derived growth factor BB stimulated VSMCs. Six candidate genes were overlapped from energy metabolism-related genes and genes reciprocally upregulated by transforming growth factor-β and downregulated by platelet-derived growth factor BB. Among them, prohibitin 2 has been reported to regulate mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Indeed, prohibitin 2-deficient VSMCs lost the contractile phenotype as evidenced by reduced contractile proteins. Consistently, Phb2SMCKO mice were more susceptible to postinjury VSMC proliferation and neointima formation compared with Phb2flox/flox mice. Further protein interactome analysis, co-immunoprecipitation, and mammalian 2-hybrid assay revealed that prohibitin 2, through its C-terminus, directly interacts with hnRNPA1, a key modulator of pyruvate kinase M1/2 (PKM) mRNA splicing that promotes PKM2 expression and glycolysis. Prohibitin 2 deficiency facilitated PKM1/2 mRNA splicing and reversion from PKM1 to PKM2, and enhanced glycolysis in VSMCs. Blocking prohibitin 2-hnRNPA1 interaction resulted in increased PKM2 expression, enhanced glycolysis, repressed contractile marker genes expression in VSMCs, as well as aggravated postinjury neointima formation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Prohibitin 2 maintains VSMC contractile phenotype by interacting with hnRNPA1 to counteract hnRNPA1-mediated PKM alternative splicing and glucose metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.J., C.M., Z.M., J.H., W.L., X.M., S.Z., M.L., F.Y., J.F., Y.Z., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Chenfeng Mao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.J., C.M., Z.M., J.H., W.L., X.M., S.Z., M.L., F.Y., J.F., Y.Z., Y.F., W.K.).,Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P. R. China (C.M.)
| | - Zihan Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.J., C.M., Z.M., J.H., W.L., X.M., S.Z., M.L., F.Y., J.F., Y.Z., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.J., C.M., Z.M., J.H., W.L., X.M., S.Z., M.L., F.Y., J.F., Y.Z., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.J., C.M., Z.M., J.H., W.L., X.M., S.Z., M.L., F.Y., J.F., Y.Z., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.J., C.M., Z.M., J.H., W.L., X.M., S.Z., M.L., F.Y., J.F., Y.Z., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Siting Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.J., C.M., Z.M., J.H., W.L., X.M., S.Z., M.L., F.Y., J.F., Y.Z., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Meihong Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.J., C.M., Z.M., J.H., W.L., X.M., S.Z., M.L., F.Y., J.F., Y.Z., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.J., C.M., Z.M., J.H., W.L., X.M., S.Z., M.L., F.Y., J.F., Y.Z., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Yingying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.S., J.C.)
| | - Jingzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.S., J.C.)
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.J., C.M., Z.M., J.H., W.L., X.M., S.Z., M.L., F.Y., J.F., Y.Z., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.J., C.M., Z.M., J.H., W.L., X.M., S.Z., M.L., F.Y., J.F., Y.Z., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, Kings College London BHF Centre, London SE5 9NU, UK (Q.X.).,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China (Q.X.)
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, P. R. China (L.Z.)
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.J., C.M., Z.M., J.H., W.L., X.M., S.Z., M.L., F.Y., J.F., Y.Z., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.J., C.M., Z.M., J.H., W.L., X.M., S.Z., M.L., F.Y., J.F., Y.Z., Y.F., W.K.)
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Xu R, Yuan W, Wang Z. Advances in Glycolysis Metabolism of Atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 16:476-490. [PMID: 36068370 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycolysis is an important way for various cells such as vascular wall endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and other cells to obtain energy. In pathological conditions, it can participate in the process of AS by regulating lipid deposition, calcification, angiogenesis in plaques, etc., together with its metabolite lactic acid. Recent studies have shown that lactate-related lactylation modifications are ubiquitous in the human proteome and are involved in the regulation of various inflammatory diseases. Combined with the distribution and metabolic characteristics of cells in the plaque in the process of AS, glycolysis-lactate-lactylation modification may be a new entry point for targeted intervention in atherosclerosis in the future. Therefore, this article intends to elaborate on the role and mechanism of glycolysis-lactate-lactylation modification in AS, as well as the opportunities and challenges in targeted therapy, hoping to bring some help to relevant scholars in this field. In atherosclerosis, glycolysis, lactate, and lactylation modification as a metabolic sequence affect the functions of macrophages, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, lymphocytes, and other cells and interfere with processes such as vascular calcification and intraplaque neovascularization to influence the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
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Cao R, Sun T, Xu R, Zheng J, Wang H, Wang X, Bai Y, Ye P. Effect of Xuezhikang Therapy on Expression of Pulmonary Hypertension Related miR-638 in Patients With Low HDL-C Levels. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:764046. [PMID: 34987392 PMCID: PMC8721165 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.764046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Low plasma level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) associated with poor outcomes in several cardiovascular diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Regulation of miR-638 have been proved to be associated with PAH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of miR-638 after Xuezhikang (XZK) therapy in patients with low HDL-C. Methods: Plasma levels of miR-638 were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reactions in 20 patients with PAH and 30 healthy controls. A total of 40 subjects with low HDL-C were assigned to receive an XZK therapy for 6 months. The miR-638 expression profiles were detected in PAH patients, XZK-treated subjects and lovastatin treated pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs). Results: The relative expression level of miR-638 in the plasma was lower in the PAH patients than that in the controls (p < 0.001). An increase of 11.2% from baseline in the HDL-C level was found after XZK therapy (p < 0.001). The relative expression of miR-638 was increased after XZK treatment (p < 0.01). The changes of miR-638 were inversely associated with baseline HDL-C levels. A significantly reduction in miR-638 expression were found in PDGF-BB-treated hPA-SMCs compared to the control cells, and the pre-treatment of the cells with lovastatin significantly re-gain the expression levels in miR-638. Conclusion: In patients with low HDL-C levels, XZK therapy raised the expression of miR-638, suggesting that the potential therapeutic effect of XZK in PAH patients with low serum HDL-C levels deserves further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruyi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyi Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Chronic Heart Failure, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongyi Bai, ; Ping Ye,
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongyi Bai, ; Ping Ye,
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Small Molecule-Based Enzyme Inhibitors in the Treatment of Primary Hyperoxalurias. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020074. [PMID: 33513899 PMCID: PMC7912158 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary hyperoxalurias (PHs) are a group of inherited alterations of the hepatic glyoxylate metabolism. PHs classification based on gene mutations parallel a variety of enzymatic defects, and all involve the harmful accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals that produce systemic damage. These geographically widespread rare diseases have a deep impact in the life quality of the patients. Until recently, treatments were limited to palliative measures and kidney/liver transplants in the most severe forms. Efforts made to develop pharmacological treatments succeeded with the biotechnological agent lumasiran, a siRNA product against glycolate oxidase, which has become the first effective therapy to treat PH1. However, small molecule drugs have classically been preferred since they benefit from experience and have better pharmacological properties. The development of small molecule inhibitors designed against key enzymes of glyoxylate metabolism is on the focus of research. Enzyme inhibitors are successful and widely used in several diseases and their pharmacokinetic advantages are well known. In PHs, effective enzymatic targets have been determined and characterized for drug design and interesting inhibitory activities have been achieved both in vitro and in vivo. This review describes the most recent advances towards the development of small molecule enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of PHs, introducing the multi-target approach as a more effective and safe therapeutic option.
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Shi J, Yang Y, Cheng A, Xu G, He F. Metabolism of vascular smooth muscle cells in vascular diseases. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H613-H631. [PMID: 32762559 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00220.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the fundamental component of the medial layer of arteries and are essential for arterial physiology and pathology. It is becoming increasingly clear that VSMCs can alter their metabolism to fulfill the bioenergetic and biosynthetic requirements. During vascular injury, VSMCs switch from a quiescent "contractile" phenotype to a highly migratory and proliferative "synthetic" phenotype. Recent studies have found that the phenotype switching of VSMCs is driven by a metabolic switch. Metabolic pathways, including aerobic glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid metabolism, have distinct, indispensable roles in normal and dysfunctional vasculature. VSMCs metabolism is also related to the metabolism of endothelial cells. In the present review, we present a brief overview of VSMCs metabolism and how it regulates the progression of several vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, systemic hypertension, diabetes, pulmonary hypertension, vascular calcification, and aneurysms, and the effect of the risk factors for vascular disease (aging, cigarette smoking, and excessive alcohol drinking) on VSMC metabolism to clarify the role of VSMCs metabolism in the key pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anying Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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