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Jeong H, Namboodiri VMK, Jung MW, Andermann ML. Sensory cortical ensembles exhibit differential coupling to ripples in distinct hippocampal subregions. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5185-5198.e4. [PMID: 37995696 PMCID: PMC10842729 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cortical neurons activated during recent experiences often reactivate with dorsal hippocampal CA1 ripples during subsequent rest. Less is known about cortical interactions with intermediate hippocampal CA1, whose connectivity, functions, and ripple events differ from dorsal CA1. We identified three clusters of putative excitatory neurons in mouse visual cortex that are preferentially excited together with either dorsal or intermediate CA1 ripples or suppressed before both ripples. Neurons in each cluster were evenly distributed across primary and higher visual cortices and co-active even in the absence of ripples. These ensembles exhibited similar visual responses but different coupling to thalamus and pupil-indexed arousal. We observed a consistent activity sequence preceding and predicting ripples: (1) suppression of ripple-suppressed cortical neurons, (2) thalamic silence, and (3) activation of intermediate CA1-ripple-activated cortical neurons. We propose that coordinated dynamics of these ensembles relay visual experiences to distinct hippocampal subregions for incorporation into different cognitive maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijeong Jeong
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay Mohan K Namboodiri
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Min Whan Jung
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mark L Andermann
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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2
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Jeong H, Namboodiri VMK, Jung MW, Andermann ML. Sensory cortical ensembles exhibit differential coupling to ripples in distinct hippocampal subregions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.17.533028. [PMID: 36993665 PMCID: PMC10055189 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.17.533028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cortical neurons activated during recent experiences often reactivate with dorsal hippocampal CA1 sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) during subsequent rest. Less is known about cortical interactions with intermediate hippocampal CA1, whose connectivity, functions, and SWRs differ from those of dorsal CA1. We identified three clusters of visual cortical excitatory neurons that are excited together with either dorsal or intermediate CA1 SWRs, or suppressed before both SWRs. Neurons in each cluster were distributed across primary and higher visual cortices and co-active even in the absence of SWRs. These ensembles exhibited similar visual responses but different coupling to thalamus and pupil-indexed arousal. We observed a consistent activity sequence: (i) suppression of SWR-suppressed cortical neurons, (ii) thalamic silence, and (iii) activation of the cortical ensemble preceding and predicting intermediate CA1 SWRs. We propose that the coordinated dynamics of these ensembles relay visual experiences to distinct hippocampal subregions for incorporation into different cognitive maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijeong Jeong
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Vijay Mohan K Namboodiri
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco 94158, CA, USA
| | - Min Whan Jung
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Mark L. Andermann
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Lead contact
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3
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Wiesbrock C, Musall S, Kampa BM. A flexible Python-based touchscreen chamber for operant conditioning reveals improved visual perception of cardinal orientations in mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:866109. [PMID: 36299493 PMCID: PMC9588922 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.866109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural scenes are composed of a wide range of edge angles and spatial frequencies, with a strong overrepresentation of vertical and horizontal edges. Correspondingly, many mammalian species are much better at discriminating these cardinal orientations compared to obliques. A potential reason for this increased performance could be an increased number of neurons in the visual cortex that are tuned to cardinal orientations, which is likely to be an adaptation to the natural scene statistics. Such biased angular tuning has recently been shown in the mouse primary visual cortex. However, it is still unknown if mice also show a perceptual dominance of cardinal orientations. Here, we describe the design of a novel custom-built touchscreen chamber that allows testing natural scene perception and orientation discrimination performance by applying different task designs. Using this chamber, we applied an iterative convergence towards orientation discrimination thresholds for cardinal or oblique orientations in different cohorts of mice. Surprisingly, the expert discrimination performance was similar for both groups but showed large inter-individual differences in performance and training time. To study the discrimination of cardinal and oblique stimuli in the same mice, we, therefore, applied, a different training regime where mice learned to discriminate cardinal and oblique gratings in parallel. Parallel training revealed a higher task performance for cardinal orientations in an early phase of the training. The performance for both orientations became similar after prolonged training, suggesting that learning permits equally high perceptual tuning towards oblique stimuli. In summary, our custom-built touchscreen chamber offers a flexible tool to test natural visual perception in rodents and revealed a training-induced increase in the perception of oblique gratings. The touchscreen chamber is entirely open-source, easy to build, and freely available to the scientific community to conduct visual or multimodal behavioral studies. It is also based on the FAIR principles for data management and sharing and could therefore serve as a catalyst for testing the perception of complex and natural visual stimuli across behavioral labs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wiesbrock
- Systems Neurophysiology, Institute for Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Research Training Group 2416 MultiSenses—MultiScales, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christopher Wiesbrock Björn M. Kampa
| | - Simon Musall
- Systems Neurophysiology, Institute for Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioelectronics, Institute of Biological Information Processing-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn M. Kampa
- Systems Neurophysiology, Institute for Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Research Training Group 2416 MultiSenses—MultiScales, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA BRAIN, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christopher Wiesbrock Björn M. Kampa
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4
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Riedl J, Fieseler C, Zimmer M. Tyraminergic corollary discharge filters reafferent perception in a chemosensory neuron. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3048-3058.e6. [PMID: 35690069 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interpreting sensory information requires its integration with the current behavior of the animal. However, how motor-related circuits influence sensory information processing is incompletely understood. Here, we report that current locomotor state directly modulates the activity of BAG CO2 sensory neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans. By recording neuronal activity in animals freely navigating CO2 landscapes, we found that during reverse crawling states, BAG activity is suppressed by tyraminergic corollary discharge signaling. We provide genetic evidence that tyramine released from the RIM reversal interneurons extrasynaptically activates the inhibitory chloride channel LGC-55 in BAG. Disrupting this pathway genetically leads to excessive behavioral responses to CO2 stimuli. Moreover, we find that LGC-55 signaling cancels out perception of self-produced CO2 and O2 stimuli when animals reverse into their own gas plume in ethologically relevant aqueous environments. Our results show that sensorimotor integration involves corollary discharge signals directly modulating chemosensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Riedl
- Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Charles Fieseler
- Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Zimmer
- Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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5
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Zhang Q, Turner KL, Gheres KW, Hossain MS, Drew PJ. Behavioral and physiological monitoring for awake neurovascular coupling experiments: a how-to guide. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:021905. [PMID: 35639834 PMCID: PMC8802326 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.2.021905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Functional brain imaging in awake animal models is a popular and powerful technique that allows the investigation of neurovascular coupling (NVC) under physiological conditions. However, ubiquitous facial and body motions (fidgeting) are prime drivers of spontaneous fluctuations in neural and hemodynamic signals. During periods without movement, animals can rapidly transition into sleep, and the hemodynamic signals tied to arousal state changes can be several times larger than sensory-evoked responses. Given the outsized influence of facial and body motions and arousal signals in neural and hemodynamic signals, it is imperative to detect and monitor these events in experiments with un-anesthetized animals. Aim: To cover the importance of monitoring behavioral state in imaging experiments using un-anesthetized rodents, and describe how to incorporate detailed behavioral and physiological measurements in imaging experiments. Approach: We review the effects of movements and sleep-related signals (heart rate, respiration rate, electromyography, intracranial pressure, whisking, and other body movements) on brain hemodynamics and electrophysiological signals, with a focus on head-fixed experimental setup. We summarize the measurement methods currently used in animal models for detection of those behaviors and arousal changes. We then provide a guide on how to incorporate this measurements with functional brain imaging and electrophysiology measurements. Results: We provide a how-to guide on monitoring and interpreting a variety of physiological signals and their applications to NVC experiments in awake behaving mice. Conclusion: This guide facilitates the application of neuroimaging in awake animal models and provides neuroscientists with a standard approach for monitoring behavior and other associated physiological parameters in head-fixed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguang Zhang
- The Pennsylvania State University, Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kevin L. Turner
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kyle W. Gheres
- The Pennsylvania State University, Graduate Program in Molecular Cellular and Integrative Biosciences, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Md Shakhawat Hossain
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Patrick J. Drew
- The Pennsylvania State University, Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Neurosurgery, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
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6
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Motyka P, Kozłowska Z, Litwin P. Perceptual Awareness of Optic Flows Paced Optimally and Non-optimally to Walking Speed. Perception 2021; 50:797-818. [PMID: 34459288 DOI: 10.1177/03010066211034368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that visual processing depends strongly on locomotor activity and is tuned to optic flows consistent with self-motion speed. Here, we used a binocular rivalry paradigm to investigate whether perceptual access to optic flows depends on their optimality in relation to walking velocity. Participants walked at two different speeds on a treadmill while viewing discrepant visualizations of a virtual tunnel in each eye. We hypothesized that visualizations paced appropriately to the walking speeds will be perceived longer than non optimal (too fast/slow) ones. The presented optic flow speeds were predetermined individually in a task based on matching visual speed to both walking velocities. In addition, perceptual preference for optimal optic flows was expected to increase with proprioceptive ability to detect threshold-level changes in walking speed. Whereas faster (more familiar) optic flows showed enhanced access to awareness during faster compared with slower walking conditions, for slower visual flows, only a nonsignificant tendency for the analogous effect was observed. These effects were not dependent on individual proprioceptive sensitivity. Our findings concur with the emerging view that the velocity of one's locomotion is used to calibrate visual perception of self-motion and extend the scope of reported action effects on visual awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Motyka
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Litwin
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Motyka P, Akbal M, Litwin P. Forward optic flow is prioritised in visual awareness independently of walking direction. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250905. [PMID: 33945563 PMCID: PMC8096117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
When two different images are presented separately to each eye, one experiences smooth transitions between them-a phenomenon called binocular rivalry. Previous studies have shown that exposure to signals from other senses can enhance the access of stimulation-congruent images to conscious perception. However, despite our ability to infer perceptual consequences from bodily movements, evidence that action can have an analogous influence on visual awareness is scarce and mainly limited to hand movements. Here, we investigated whether one's direction of locomotion affects perceptual access to optic flow patterns during binocular rivalry. Participants walked forwards and backwards on a treadmill while viewing highly-realistic visualisations of self-motion in a virtual environment. We hypothesised that visualisations congruent with walking direction would predominate in visual awareness over incongruent ones, and that this effect would increase with the precision of one's active proprioception. These predictions were not confirmed: optic flow consistent with forward locomotion was prioritised in visual awareness independently of walking direction and proprioceptive abilities. Our findings suggest the limited role of kinaesthetic-proprioceptive information in disambiguating visually perceived direction of self-motion and indicate that vision might be tuned to the (expanding) optic flow patterns prevalent in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Motyka
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mert Akbal
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Academy of Fine Arts Saar, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Piotr Litwin
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Haupt M, Jödecke S, Srowig A, Napiórkowski N, Preul C, Witte OW, Finke K. Phasic alerting increases visual processing speed in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 102:23-31. [PMID: 33765429 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
External warning cues temporarily increase the brain's sensitivity for upcoming events, helping individuals to flexibly adapt their reactions to the requirements of complex visual environments. Previous studies reported that younger and cognitively normal older adults profit from phasic alerting cues. Such an intact phasic alerting mechanism could be even more relevant in individuals with Alzheimer's disease who are characterized by reduced processing capacities. The present study employed a theory of visual attention based verbal whole report paradigm with auditory cues in order to investigate phasic alerting effects in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Patients with aMCI were also compared to a previously reported sample of cognitively normal older adults. In patients with aMCI, visual processing speed was higher in the cue compared to the no-cue condition. Further, visual processing speed was reduced in patients with aMCI compared to cognitively normal older adults. Taken together, the results suggest that the processing system of patients with aMCI exhibits general declines but can still integrate auditory warning signals on a perceptual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Haupt
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany; General and Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Steffen Jödecke
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Annie Srowig
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Natan Napiórkowski
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Preul
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Kathrin Finke
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany; General and Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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9
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Flossmann T, Rochefort NL. Spatial navigation signals in rodent visual cortex. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 67:163-173. [PMID: 33360769 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During navigation, animals integrate sensory information with body movements to guide actions. The impact of both navigational and movement-related signals on cortical visual information processing remains largely unknown. We review recent studies in awake rodents that have revealed navigation-related signals in the primary visual cortex (V1) including speed, distance travelled and head-orienting movements. Both cortical and subcortical inputs convey self-motion related information to V1 neurons: for example, top-down inputs from secondary motor and retrosplenial cortices convey information about head movements and spatial expectations. Within V1, subtypes of inhibitory neurons are critical for the integration of navigation-related and visual signals. We conclude with potential functional roles of navigation-related signals in V1 including gain control, motor error signals and predictive coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Flossmann
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie L Rochefort
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom.
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10
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Abstract
At various stages of the visual system, visual responses are modulated by arousal. Here, we find that in mice this modulation operates as early as in the first synapse from the retina and even in retinal axons. To measure retinal activity in the awake, intact brain, we imaged the synaptic boutons of retinal axons in the superior colliculus. Their activity depended not only on vision but also on running speed and pupil size, regardless of retinal illumination. Arousal typically reduced their visual responses and selectivity for direction and orientation. Recordings from retinal axons in the optic tract revealed that arousal modulates the firing of some retinal ganglion cells. Arousal had similar effects postsynaptically in colliculus neurons, independent of activity in the other main source of visual inputs to the colliculus, the primary visual cortex. These results indicate that arousal modulates activity at every stage of the mouse visual system.
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11
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Cortical circuits for integration of self-motion and visual-motion signals. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 60:122-128. [PMID: 31869592 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex contains cells which respond to movement of the head, and these cells are thought to be involved in the perception of self-motion. In particular, studies in the primary visual cortex of mice show that both running speed and passive whole-body rotation modulates neuronal activity, and modern genetically targeted viral tracing approaches have begun to identify previously unknown circuits that underlie these responses. Here we review recent experimental findings and provide a road map for future work in mice to elucidate the functional architecture and emergent properties of a cortical network potentially involved in the generation of egocentric-based visual representations for navigation.
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12
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Spratling MW. Fitting predictive coding to the neurophysiological data. Brain Res 2019; 1720:146313. [PMID: 31265817 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent neurophysiological data showing the effects of locomotion on neural activity in mouse primary visual cortex has been interpreted as providing strong support for the predictive coding account of cortical function. Specifically, this work has been interpreted as providing direct evidence that prediction-error, a distinguishing property of predictive coding, is encoded in cortex. This article evaluates these claims and highlights some of the discrepancies between the proposed predictive coding model and the neuro-biology. Furthermore, it is shown that the model can be modified so as to fit the empirical data more successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Spratling
- King's College London, Department of Informatics, London, UK.
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13
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Concha-Miranda M, Ríos J, Bou J, Valdes JL, Maldonado PE. Timing Is of the Essence: Improvement in Perception During Active Sensing. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:96. [PMID: 31143104 PMCID: PMC6520616 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Active sensing refers to the concept of animals perceiving their environment while involving self-initiated motor acts. As a consequence of these motor acts, this activity produces direct and timely changes in the sensory surface. Is the brain able to take advantage of the precise time-locking that occurs during active sensing? Is the intrinsic predictability present during active sensing, impacting the sensory processes? We conjecture that if stimuli presentation is evoked by a self-initiated motor act, sensory discrimination and timing accuracy would improve. We studied this phenomenon when rats had to locate the position of a brief light stimulus, either when it was elicited by a warning light [passive condition (PC)] or when it was generated by a lever press [active condition (AC)]. We found that during the PC, rats had 66% of correct responses, vs. a significantly higher 77% of correct responses in AC. Furthermore, reaction times reduced from 1,181 ms during AC to 816 ms during PC For the latter condition, the probability of detecting the side of the light stimulus was negatively correlated with the time lag between the motor act and the evoked light and with a 38% reduction on performance per second of delay. These experiment shows that the mechanism that underlies sensory improvement during active behaviors have a constrained time dynamic, where the peak performances occur during the motor act, decreasing proportionally to the lag between the motor act and the stimulus presentation. This result is consistent with the evidence already found in humans, of a precise time dynamic of the improvement of sensory acuity after a motor act and reveals an equivalent process in rodents. Our results support the idea that perception and action are precisely coordinated in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Concha-Miranda
- Laboratory of Neurosystems, Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Ríos
- Laboratory of Neurosystems, Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Bou
- Laboratory of Neurosystems, Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose Luis Valdes
- Laboratory of Neurosystems, Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro E Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neurosystems, Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Santiago, Chile
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14
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Motor output, neural states and auditory perception. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 96:116-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Aydın Ç, Couto J, Giugliano M, Farrow K, Bonin V. Locomotion modulates specific functional cell types in the mouse visual thalamus. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4882. [PMID: 30451819 PMCID: PMC6242985 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The visual system is composed of diverse cell types that encode distinct aspects of the visual scene and may form separate processing channels. Here we present further evidence for that hypothesis whereby functional cell groups in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) are differentially modulated during behavior. Using simultaneous multi-electrode recordings in dLGN and primary visual cortex (V1) of behaving mice, we characterized the impact of locomotor activity on response amplitude, variability, correlation and spatiotemporal tuning. Locomotion strongly impacts the amplitudes of dLGN and V1 responses but the effects on variability and correlations are relatively minor. With regards to tunings, locomotion enhances dLGN responses to high temporal frequencies, preferentially affecting ON transient cells and neurons with nonlinear responses to high spatial frequencies. Channel specific modulations may serve to highlight particular visual inputs during active behaviors. Locomotion is known to modulate neuronal firing in both the visual thalamus (LGN) and V1. Here, the authors characterize the LGN modulation in detail and report that neurons with transient ON responses for high spatial frequency stimuli show the strongest gain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağatay Aydın
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biology & Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - João Couto
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biology & Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michele Giugliano
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Karl Farrow
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biology & Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Bonin
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of Biology & Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,VIB, 3001, Leuven, Belgium. .,imec, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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