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Saul P, Schröder L, Schmidt AB, Hövener JB. Nanomaterials for hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023:e1879. [PMID: 36781151 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials play an important role in the development and application of hyperpolarized materials for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this context they can not only act as hyperpolarized materials which are directly imaged but also play a role as carriers for hyperpolarized gases and catalysts for para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) to generate hyperpolarized substrates for metabolic imaging. Those three application possibilities are discussed, focusing on carbon-based materials for the directly imaged particles. An overview over recent developments in all three fields is given, including the early developments in each field as well as important steps towards applications in MRI, such as making the initially developed methods more biocompatible and first imaging experiments with spatial resolution in either phantoms or in vivo studies. Focusing on the important features nanomaterials need to display to be applicable in the MRI context, a wide range of different approaches to that extent is covered, giving the reader a general idea of different possibilities as well as recent developments in those different fields of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Saul
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Leif Schröder
- Division of Translational Molecular Imaging, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas B Schmidt
- Intergrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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2
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Komatsu N. Poly(Glycerol)-Based Biomedical Nanodevices Constructed by Functional Programming on Inorganic Nanoparticles for Cancer Nanomedicine. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:106-116. [PMID: 36602954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is promising to improve conventional cancer medicine by making diagnosis and therapy more accurate and more effective in a more personalized manner. A key of the cancer nanomedicine is construction of medical nanodevices by programming various requisite functions to nanoparticles (NPs). As compared to that of soft NPs, including organic micelles and polymers, fabrication of an inorganic NP based nanodevice is still challenging; the approved nanoformulations have been confined to the limited number of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs). The major challenges lie in how to program the requisite functions to inorganic NPs. In spite the much denser and less hydrophilic properties of inorganic NPs, most of the following functions have to be programmed for their in vivo applications: (A) high dispersibility in a physiological environment, (B) high stealth efficiency to slip through the trap by liver and spleen, (C) high targeting efficiency to cancer tissue, (D) clear visualization of cancer for diagnosis, and (E) high anticancer activity for treatment.In our approach, poly(glycerol) (PG), containing a hydroxy group at every monomer unit, was found as a better alternative to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), the most commonly used hydrophilic polymer, giving (A) high dispersibility to inorganic NPs. Although most of the inorganic NPs are not dense in functional groups, the hyperbranched structure with many hydroxy groups in PG turns the less functional surface into highly functional one, imparting not only good hydrophilicity but also (B) high stealth efficiency as we reported recently. In addition, a number of hydroxy groups in PG afford the structural or functional extensibility to introduce the additional layer or function. This enables us to design and construct a three-layer architecture consisting of a core inorganic NP, a hydrophilic and stealthy PG layer, and a functional molecule layer, where their interfaces are connected firmly by covalent bonds. The three-layered nanodevice is very flexible in its design for the following reasons: The PG coating can be applied to a wide variety of inorganic NPs with various functions, and various functional moieties can be introduced on the PG layer as a functional molecule layer. Owing to the versatility of the three-layer model, the rest of the above functions (C)-(E) can be programed in the NP core and/or the outmost layer in nanodevices.In this Account, the author described first the methodology for precise construction and quantitative characterization of various biomedical nanodevices. This fundamental aspect of this research has been achieved by "applying organic chemistry to nanomaterials" which is the concept of our research. That is, the rich chemistry in synthesis and characterization of organic compounds has been applied to the nanodevice fabrication and characterization. Second, evaluation of the functions programmed in the nanodevices is described in terms of stealth and targeting efficiencies, cancer diagnosis and therapy, and biomedical sensing. This stage in our research made us more interdisciplinary from chemistry and nanoscience to biology and medicine. The following research spiral has been established in our group to strongly promote the improvement of our biomedical nanodevices; nanodevice design → precise construction → quantitative characterization → functional evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Olivares-Postigo D, Gorrini F, Bitonto V, Ackermann J, Giri R, Krueger A, Bifone A. Divergent Effects of Laser Irradiation on Ensembles of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Bulk and Nanodiamonds: Implications for Biosensing. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:95. [PMID: 36161373 PMCID: PMC9512947 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ensembles of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV-) in diamond have been proposed for sensing of magnetic fields and paramagnetic agents, and as a source of spin-order for the hyperpolarization of nuclei in magnetic resonance applications. To this end, strongly fluorescent nanodiamonds (NDs) represent promising materials, with large surface areas and dense ensembles of NV-. However, surface effects tend to favor the less useful neutral form, the NV0 centers, and strategies to increase the density of shallow NV- centers have been proposed, including irradiation with strong laser power (Gorrini in ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 13:43221-43232, 2021). Here, we study the fluorescence properties and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of NV- centers as a function of laser power in strongly fluorescent bulk diamond and in nanodiamonds obtained by nanomilling of the native material. In bulk diamond, we find that increasing laser power increases ODMR contrast, consistent with a power-dependent increase in spin-polarization. Conversely, in nanodiamonds we observe a non-monotonic behavior, with a decrease in ODMR contrast at higher laser power. We hypothesize that this phenomenon may be ascribed to more efficient NV-→NV0 photoconversion in nanodiamonds compared to bulk diamond, resulting in depletion of the NV- pool. A similar behavior is shown for NDs internalized in macrophage cells under the typical experimental conditions of imaging bioassays. Our results suggest strong laser irradiation is not an effective strategy in NDs, where the interplay between surface effects and local microenvironment determine the optimal experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Olivares-Postigo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Corso Bettini 31, 38068, Rovereto, Trento, Italy.
- Molecular Biology Center, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Federico Gorrini
- Molecular Biology Center, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Livorno 60, 10144, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Bitonto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Johannes Ackermann
- Institut Für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rakshyakar Giri
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Corso Bettini 31, 38068, Rovereto, Trento, Italy
| | - Anke Krueger
- Institut Für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Center for Complex Materials Research (RCCM), Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angelo Bifone
- Molecular Biology Center, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Livorno 60, 10144, Turin, Italy.
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Wu Y, Balasubramanian P, Wang Z, Coelho JAS, Prslja M, Siebert R, Plenio MB, Jelezko F, Weil T. Detection of Few Hydrogen Peroxide Molecules Using Self-Reporting Fluorescent Nanodiamond Quantum Sensors. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12642-12651. [PMID: 35737900 PMCID: PMC9305977 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) plays an important
role in various signal transduction pathways and regulates important
cellular processes. However, monitoring and quantitatively assessing
the distribution of H2O2 molecules inside living
cells requires a nanoscale sensor with molecular-level sensitivity.
Herein, we show the first demonstration of sub-10 nm-sized fluorescent
nanodiamonds (NDs) as catalysts for the decomposition of H2O2 and the production of radical intermediates at the
nanoscale. Furthermore, the nitrogen-vacancy quantum sensors inside
the NDs are employed to quantify the aforementioned radicals. We believe
that our method of combining the peroxidase-mimicking activities of
the NDs with their intrinsic quantum sensor showcases their application
as self-reporting H2O2 sensors with molecular-level
sensitivity and nanoscale spatial resolution. Given the robustness
and the specificity of the sensor, our results promise a new platform
for elucidating the role of H2O2 at the cellular
level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Priyadharshini Balasubramanian
- Institute for Quantum Optics and IQST, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jaime A S Coelho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Mateja Prslja
- Institute for Quantum Optics and IQST, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Martin B Plenio
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics and IQST, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
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Nanodiamond conjugated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: electrochemical impedance immunosensing on a gold microelectrode. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:226. [PMID: 35590000 PMCID: PMC9119799 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A promising immunosensing strategy in diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 is proposed using a 10-µm gap-sized gold interdigitated electrode (AuIDE) to target the surface spike protein (SP). The microelectrode surface was modified by (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane to enforce the epoxy matrix, which facilitates the immobilization of the anti-SP antibody. The immunosensing performance was evaluated by integrating a nanosized (~ 10 nm) diamond-complexed SP as a target. The proposed immunoassay was quantitatively evaluated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with the swept frequency from 0.1 to 1 MHz using a 100 mVRMS AC voltage supply. The immunoassay performed without diamond integration showed low sensitivity, with the lowest SP concentration measured at 1 pM at a determination coefficient of R2 = 0.9681. In contrast, the nanodiamond-conjugated SP on the immunosensor showed excellent sensitivity with a determination coefficient of R2 = 0.986. SP detection with a nanodiamond-conjugated target on AuIDE reached the low limit of detection at 189 fM in a linear detection range from 250 to 8000 fM. The specificity of the developed immunosensor was evaluated by interacting influenza-hemagglutinin and SARS-CoV-2-nucleocapsid protein with anti-SP. In addition, the authentic interaction of SP and anti-SP was validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
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Choi S, Leong V, Davydov VA, Agafonov VN, Cheong MWO, Kalashnikov DA, Krivitsky LA. Varying temperature and silicon content in nanodiamond growth: effects on silicon-vacancy centres. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3792. [PMID: 29491410 PMCID: PMC5830582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanodidamonds containing colour centres open up many applications in quantum information processing, metrology, and quantum sensing. However, controlling the synthesis of nanodiamonds containing silicon vacancy (SiV) centres is still not well understood. Here we study nanodiamonds produced by a high-pressure high-temperature method without catalyst metals, focusing on two samples with clear SiV signatures. Different growth temperatures and relative content of silicon in the initial compound between the samples altered their nanodiamond size distributions and abundance of SiV centres. Our results show that nanodiamond growth can be controlled and optimised for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Choi
- Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138634, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Victor Leong
- Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valery A Davydov
- L.F. Vereshchagin Institute for High Pressure Physics, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 142190, Russia
| | | | - Marcus W O Cheong
- Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dmitry A Kalashnikov
- Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leonid A Krivitsky
- Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
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