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Zhang S, Huang Y, Wang X, Wang H. Health Disparities Among Family Decision-Makers in China: An Ordered Probit Analysis of the China Family Panel Studies. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2024; 17:635-647. [PMID: 38528941 PMCID: PMC10961237 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s443930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The family decision-makers serve as the backbone of the family, and their health status warrants consideration. This study aims to explore how the health status of this group of people, namely the family decision-making group, is affected, and to delve into the mechanisms of influence based on this. The goal is to provide reliable evidence and strategies for the health management of the family decision-makers group, contributing to the achievement of the "Healthy China 2030" Planning Outline. Patients and Methods Drawing on data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this study utilizes an Ordered Probit Model to analyze and compare the health status of family decision-makers and non-decision-makers. Results The findings indicate that decision-makers tend to experience poorer health outcomes than other family members, with increased pressure related to decision-making identified as a significant contributor to their declining health. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the negative effect is less pronounced in households with higher net worth but more pronounced in those with more significant housing, education, and medical spending pressures. Moreover, this study analysis highlights that enhancing individual or family socioeconomic status can alleviate the adverse health effects experienced by family decision-makers. Conclusion The study reveals the presence of certain health adverse effects among family decision-makers. The implications drawn from this research hold significance for the health management of this demographic, underscoring the necessity for tailored interventions aimed at addressing the distinctive challenges confronted by this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbiao Zhang
- School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Huang
- School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xining Wang
- School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huilin Wang
- School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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Carlozzi NE, Kallen MA, Troost JP, Miner JA, Bragg A, Martin-Howard J, De La Cruz B, Moldovan I, Jack BW, Mitchell S. Development of a New Measure of Housing Security: The REDD-CAT Housing Security Measure. J Gen Intern Med 2023:10.1007/s11606-023-08147-x. [PMID: 36964423 PMCID: PMC10038379 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Housing security is a key social determinant of behavior related to health outcomes. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop a new patient-reported outcome measure that evaluates aspects of housing security for use in the Re-Engineered Discharge for Diabetes-Computer Adaptive Test (REDD-CAT) measurement system. DESIGN Qualitative data, literature reviews, and cross-sectional survey study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 225 people with T2DM provided responses to the items in this item pool. MAIN MEASURES A new item pool that evaluates important aspects of housing security was developed using stakeholder data from focus groups of persons with T2DM. KEY RESULTS For the Housing Affordability scale, factor analysis (both exploratory and confirmatory) supported the retention of six items. Of these items, none exhibited sparse cells or problems with monotonicity; no items were deleted due to low item-adjusted total score correlations. For the six affordability items, a constrained graded response model indicated no items exhibited misfit; thus, all were retained. No items indicated differential item functioning (examined for age, sex, education, race, and socioeconomic status). Thus, the final Affordability item bank comprised six items. A Housing Safety index (three items) and a Home Features index (eight items) were also developed. Reliability (i.e., internal consistency and test-retest reliability) and validity (i.e., convergent, discriminant, and known-groups) of the new measures were also supported. CONCLUSIONS The REDD-CAT Housing Security Measure provides a reliable and valid assessment of housing affordability, safety, and home features in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Future work is needed to establish the clinical utility of this measure in other clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle E Carlozzi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Center for Clinical Outcomes Development and Application (CODA), Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Building NCRC B14, Room G216, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA.
| | - Michael A Kallen
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan P Troost
- Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer A Miner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexa Bragg
- Department of Family Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Martin-Howard
- Department of Family Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ioana Moldovan
- Department of Family Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian W Jack
- Department of Family Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne Mitchell
- Department of Family Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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