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Dai MJ, Gui XX, Jia SM, Lv ST, Dou H, Cui W. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide promotes angiogenesis in ischemic stroke mice through upregulating autocrine and paracrine sonic hedgehog. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2404-2417. [PMID: 37580491 PMCID: PMC10692133 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a small-molecule drug used in the treatment of ischemic stroke in China, which is proven to ameliorate the symptoms of ischemic stroke and improve the prognosis of patients. Previous studies have shown that NBP accelerates recovery after stroke by promoting angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the angiogenesis-promoting effects of NBP in ischemic stroke models in vitro and in vivo. OGD/R model was established in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), while the tMCAO model was established in mice. The cells were pretreated with NBP (10, 50, 100 µM); the mice were administered NBP (4, 8 mg/kg, i.v.) twice after tMCAO. We showed that NBP treatment significantly stimulated angiogenesis by inducing massive production of angiogenic growth factors VEGFA and CD31 in both in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic stroke. NBP also increased the tubule formation rate and migration capability of HUVECs in vitro. By conducting the weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we found that these effects were achieved by upregulating the expression of a hedgehog signaling pathway. We demonstrated that NBP treatment not only changed the levels of regulators of the hedgehog signaling pathway but also activated the transcription factor Gli1. The pro-angiogenesis effect of NBP was abolished when the hedgehog signaling pathway was inhibited by GDC-0449 in HUVECs, by Sonic Hedgehog(Shh) knockdown in HUVECs, or by intracerebroventricular injection of AAV-shRNA(shh)-CMV in tMCAO mice. Furthermore, we found that HUVECs produced a pro-angiogenic response not only to autocrine Shh, but also to paracrine Shh secreted by astrocytes. Together, we demonstrate that NBP promotes angiogenesis via upregulating the hedgehog signaling pathway. Our results provide an experimental basis for the clinical use of NBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jie Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xing-Xing Gui
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shu-Miao Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shu-Ting Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hao Dou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms of Novel Simple O-Substituted Isoflavones against Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810394. [PMID: 36142301 PMCID: PMC9498989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones have been widely studied and have attracted extensive attention in fields ranging from chemotaxonomy and plant physiology to human nutrition and medicine. Isoflavones are often divided into three subgroups: simple O-substituted derivatives, prenylated derivatives, and glycosides. Simple O-substituted isoflavones and their glycosides, such as daidzein (daidzin), genistein (genistin), glycitein (glycitin), biochanin A (astroside), and formononetin (ononin), are the most common ingredients in legumes and are considered as phytoestrogens for daily dietary hormone replacement therapy due to their structural similarity to 17-β-estradiol. On the basis of the known estrogen-like potency, these above isoflavones possess multiple pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-angiogenetic, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antilipidemic, anti-osteoporotic, and neuroprotective activities. However, there are very few review studies on the protective effects of these novel isoflavones and their related compounds in cerebral ischemia reperfusion. This review primarily focuses on the biosynthesis, metabolism, and neuroprotective mechanism of these aforementioned novel isoflavones in cerebral ischemia reperfusion. From these published works in in vitro and in vivo studies, simple O-substituted isoflavones could serve as promising therapeutic compounds for the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia reperfusion via their estrogenic receptor properties and neuron-modulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. The detailed mechanism of the protective effects of simple O-substituted isoflavones against cerebral ischemia reperfusion might be related to the PI3K/AKT/ERK/mTOR or GSK-3β pathway, eNOS/Keap1/Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway, TLRs/TIRAP/MyD88/NFκ-B pathway, and Bcl-2-regulated anti-apoptotic pathway. However, clinical trials are needed to verify their potential on cerebral ischemia reperfusion because past studies were conducted with rodents and prophylactic administration.
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Singh D, Wasan H, Reeta KH. Preclinical Stroke Research and Translational Failure: A Bird's Eye View on Preventable Variables. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2003-2017. [PMID: 33786698 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite achieving remarkable success in understanding the cellular, molecular and pathophysiological aspects of stroke, translation from preclinical research has always remained an area of debate. Although thousands of experimental compounds have been reported to be neuro-protective, their failures in clinical setting have left the researchers and stakeholders in doldrums. Though the failures described have been excruciating, they also give us a chance to refocus on the shortcomings. For better translational value, evidences from preclinical studies should be robust and reliable. Preclinical study design has a plethora of variables affecting the study outcome. Hence, this review focusses on the factors to be considered for a well-planned preclinical study while adhering to guidelines with emphasis on the study design, commonly used animal models, their limitations with special attention on various preventable attritions including comorbidities, aged animals, time of dosing, outcome measures and physiological variables along with the concept of multicentric preclinical randomized controlled trials. Here, we provide an overview of a panorama of practical aspects, which could be implemented, so that a well-defined preclinical study would result in a neuro-protectant with better translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Himika Wasan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - K H Reeta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Saliu IO, Bhagat R, Ojo OB, Akinmoladun AC, Olaleye MT, Seth P, Rema V. Reduction of anoxia-induced bioenergetic disturbance in astrocytes by methanol fruit extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera and in silico evaluation of the effect of its antioxidative constituents on excitotoxicity. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:264-276. [PMID: 33552925 PMCID: PMC7848610 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity are some of the pathophysiological abnormalities in hypoxia-induced brain injury. This study evaluated the intrinsic antioxidant property of methanol fruit extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera (TT), traditionally used for managing brain diseases such as cerebral infarction in West Africa, and its ability to protect primary astrocytes from anoxia-induced cell death. The effect of the phytochemicals present in TT on excitotoxicity was assessed in silico, through docking with human glutamate synthetase (hGS). Chromatographic and spectrophotometric analyses of TT were performed. Primary astrocytes derived from neural stem cells were treated with TT and its effect on astrocyte viability was assessed. TT-treated astrocytes were then subjected to anoxic insult and, cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated. Molecular docking of hGS with detected phytochemicals in TT (aridanin, naringenin, ferulic acid, and scopoletin) was performed and the number of interactions with the lead compounds, aridanin, analyzed. HPLC-DAD analysis of TT revealed the presence of various bioactive phytochemicals. TT demonstrated notable antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. TT also protected astrocytes from anoxic insult by restoring cell viability and preventing alteration to mitochondrial membrane integrity. Aridanin, naringenin, ferulic acid, and scopoletin demonstrated good binding affinities with hGS indicating that Tetrapleura tetraptera is a potential source of new plant-based bioactives relevant in the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Olabayode Saliu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, 340001, Nigeria.,Department of System and Cognitive Neuroscience, National Brain Research Center (NBRC), Manesar, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Reshma Bhagat
- Neurovirology Section, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Olubukola Benedicta Ojo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, 340001, Nigeria
| | - Afolabi C Akinmoladun
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, 340001, Nigeria
| | - M Tolulope Olaleye
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, 340001, Nigeria
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Neurovirology Section, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Velayudhan Rema
- Department of System and Cognitive Neuroscience, National Brain Research Center (NBRC), Manesar, Haryana, 122052, India
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Kuts R, Melamed I, Shiyntum HN, Gruenbaum BF, Frank D, Knyazer B, Natanel D, Severynovska O, Vinokur M, Boyko M. Laser-Induced Brain Injury in the Motor Cortex of Rats. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 33044445 DOI: 10.3791/60928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A common technique for inducing stroke in experimental rodent models involves the transient (often denoted as MCAO-t) or permanent (designated as MCAO-p) occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) using a catheter. This generally accepted technique, however, has some limitations, thereby limiting its extensive use. Stroke induction by this method is often characterized by high variability in the localization and size of the ischemic area, periodical occurrences of hemorrhage, and high death rates. Also, the successful completion of any of the transient or permanent procedures requires expertise and often lasts for about 30 minutes. In this protocol, a laser irradiation technique is presented that can serve as an alternative method for inducing and studying brain injury in rodent models. When compared to rats in the control and MCAO groups, the brain injury by laser induction showed reduced variability in body temperature, infarct volume, brain edema, intracranial hemorrhage, and mortality. Furthermore, the use of a laser-induced injury caused damage to the brain tissues only in the motor cortex unlike in the MCAO experiments where destruction of both the motor cortex and striatal tissues is observed. Findings from this investigation suggest that laser irradiation could serve as an alternative and effective technique for inducing brain injury in the motor cortex. The method also shortens the time for completing the procedure and does not require expert handlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Kuts
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Israel Melamed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Honore N Shiyntum
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Ecology, and Medicine, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
| | | | - Dmitri Frank
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Boris Knyazer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Dmitry Natanel
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Olena Severynovska
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Ecology, and Medicine, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
| | - Max Vinokur
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Matthew Boyko
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev;
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Blochet C, Buscemi L, Clément T, Gehri S, Badaut J, Hirt L. Involvement of caveolin-1 in neurovascular unit remodeling after stroke: Effects on neovascularization and astrogliosis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:163-176. [PMID: 30354902 PMCID: PMC6928561 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18806893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Complex cellular and molecular events occur in the neurovascular unit after stroke, such as blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and inflammation that contribute to neuronal death, neurological deterioration and mortality. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) has distinct physiological functions such as caveolae formation associated with endocytosis and transcytosis as well as in signaling pathways. Cav-1 has been proposed to be involved in BBB dysfunction after brain injury; however, its precise role is poorly understood. The goal of this study was to characterize the expression and effect of Cav-1 deletion on outcome in the first week in a transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion stroke model. We found increased Cav-1 expression in new blood vessels in the lesion and in reactive astrocytes in the peri-lesion areas. In Cav-1 KO mice, the lesion volume was larger and the behavioral outcome worse than in WT mice. Cav-1 KO mice exhibited reduced neovascularization and modified astrogliosis, without formation of a proper glial scar around the lesion at three days post injury, coinciding with aggravated outcomes. Altogether, these results point towards a potential protective role of endogenous Cav-1 in the first days after ischemia by promoting neovascularization, astrogliosis and scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Blochet
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Brain Molecular Imaging Lab, CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lara Buscemi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tifenn Clément
- Brain Molecular Imaging Lab, CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sabrina Gehri
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Badaut
- Brain Molecular Imaging Lab, CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Basic Science Department, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Lorenz Hirt
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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