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Willman J, Kurian AL, Lucke-Wold B. Mechanisms of vascular injury in neurotrauma: A critical review of the literature. World J Meta-Anal 2024; 12:95417. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v12.i3.95417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
One in every two individuals will experience a traumatic brain injury in their lifetime with significant impacts on the global economy and healthcare system each year. Neurovascular injury is a key aspect of neurotrauma to both the brain and the spinal cord and an important avenue of current and future research seeking innovative therapies. In this paper, we discuss primary and secondary neurotrauma, mechanisms of injury, the glymphatic system, repair and recovery. Each of these topics are directly connected to the vasculature of the central nervous system, affecting severity of injury and recovery. Consequently, neurovascular injury in trauma represents a promising target for future therapeutics and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Willman
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Annu Lisa Kurian
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, United States
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
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2
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Li YB, Fu Q, Guo M, Du Y, Chen Y, Cheng Y. MicroRNAs: pioneering regulators in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:367. [PMID: 39256358 PMCID: PMC11387755 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This article delves into Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prevalent neurodegenerative condition primarily affecting the elderly. It is characterized by progressive memory and cognitive impairments, severely disrupting daily life. Recent research highlights the potential involvement of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of AD. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs), short non-coding RNAs comprising 20-24 nucleotides, significantly influence gene regulation by hindering translation or promoting degradation of target genes. This review explores the role of specific miRNAs in AD progression, focusing on their impact on β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide accumulation, intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and the expression of the APOE4 gene. Our insights contribute to understanding AD's pathology, offering new avenues for identifying diagnostic markers and developing novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Bo Li
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Institute of National Security, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Du
- Institute of National Security, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuewen Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yong Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
- Institute of National Security, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
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3
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Sakas R, Dan K, Edelman D, Abu-Ata S, Ben-Menashe A, Awad-Igbaria Y, Francois-Soustiel J, Palzur E. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Alleviates Memory and Motor Impairments Following Traumatic Brain Injury via the Modulation of Mitochondrial-Dysfunction-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2034. [PMID: 38136154 PMCID: PMC10740762 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young adults, characterized by primary and secondary injury. Primary injury is the immediate mechanical damage, while secondary injury results from delayed neuronal death, often linked to mitochondrial damage accumulation. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been proposed as a potential treatment for modulating secondary post-traumatic neuronal death. However, the specific molecular mechanism by which HBOT modulates secondary brain damage through mitochondrial protection remains unclear. Spatial learning, reference memory, and motor performance were measured in rats before and after Controlled Cortical Impact (CCI) injury. The HBOT (2.5 ATA) was performed 4 h following the CCI and twice daily (12 h intervals) for four consecutive days. Mitochondrial functions were assessed via high-resolution respirometry on day 5 following CCI. Moreover, IHC was performed at the end of the experiment to evaluate cortical apoptosis, neuronal survival, and glial activation. The current result indicates that HBOT exhibits a multi-level neuroprotective effect. Thus, we found that HBOT prevents cortical neuronal loss, reduces the apoptosis marker (cleaved-Caspase3), and modulates glial cell proliferation. Furthermore, HBO treatment prevents the reduction in mitochondrial respiration, including non-phosphorylation state, oxidative phosphorylation, and electron transfer capacity. Additionally, a superior motor and spatial learning performance level was observed in the CCI group treated with HBO compared to the CCI group. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that HBOT during the critical period following the TBI improves cognitive and motor damage via regulating glial proliferation apoptosis and protecting mitochondrial function, consequently preventing cortex neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Sakas
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (R.S.); (K.D.); (S.A.-A.); (A.B.-M.); (J.F.-S.)
- Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 221001, Israel
| | - Katya Dan
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (R.S.); (K.D.); (S.A.-A.); (A.B.-M.); (J.F.-S.)
- Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 221001, Israel
| | - Doron Edelman
- Neurosurgery Department, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel;
| | - Saher Abu-Ata
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (R.S.); (K.D.); (S.A.-A.); (A.B.-M.); (J.F.-S.)
- Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 221001, Israel
| | - Aviv Ben-Menashe
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (R.S.); (K.D.); (S.A.-A.); (A.B.-M.); (J.F.-S.)
- Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 221001, Israel
| | - Yaseen Awad-Igbaria
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (R.S.); (K.D.); (S.A.-A.); (A.B.-M.); (J.F.-S.)
- Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 221001, Israel
| | - Jean Francois-Soustiel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (R.S.); (K.D.); (S.A.-A.); (A.B.-M.); (J.F.-S.)
- Neurosurgery Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 221001, Israel
| | - Eilam Palzur
- Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 221001, Israel
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Krieg JL, Leonard AV, Turner RJ, Corrigan F. Identifying the Phenotypes of Diffuse Axonal Injury Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1607. [PMID: 38002566 PMCID: PMC10670443 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a significant feature of traumatic brain injury (TBI) across all injury severities and is driven by the primary mechanical insult and secondary biochemical injury phases. Axons comprise an outer cell membrane, the axolemma which is anchored to the cytoskeletal network with spectrin tetramers and actin rings. Neurofilaments act as space-filling structural polymers that surround the central core of microtubules, which facilitate axonal transport. TBI has differential effects on these cytoskeletal components, with axons in the same white matter tract showing a range of different cytoskeletal and axolemma alterations with different patterns of temporal evolution. These require different antibodies for detection in post-mortem tissue. Here, a comprehensive discussion of the evolution of axonal injury within different cytoskeletal elements is provided, alongside the most appropriate methods of detection and their temporal profiles. Accumulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) as a result of disruption of axonal transport due to microtubule failure remains the most sensitive marker of axonal injury, both acutely and chronically. However, a subset of injured axons demonstrate different pathology, which cannot be detected via APP immunoreactivity, including degradation of spectrin and alterations in neurofilaments. Furthermore, recent work has highlighted the node of Ranvier and the axon initial segment as particularly vulnerable sites to axonal injury, with loss of sodium channels persisting beyond the acute phase post-injury in axons without APP pathology. Given the heterogenous response of axons to TBI, further characterization is required in the chronic phase to understand how axonal injury evolves temporally, which may help inform pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Krieg
- Translational Neuropathology Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Anna V Leonard
- Translational Neuropathology Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Renée J Turner
- Translational Neuropathology Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Frances Corrigan
- Translational Neuropathology Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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Bamshad C, Habibi Roudkenar M, Abedinzade M, Yousefzadeh Chabok S, Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi Z, Najafi-Ghalehlou N, Sato T, Tomita K, Jahanian-Najafabadi A, Feizkhah A, Mohammadi Roushandeh A. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells-harvested mitochondrial transplantation improved motor function in TBI models through rescuing neuronal cells from apoptosis and alleviating astrogliosis and microglia activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110106. [PMID: 37015158 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Each year, traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes a high rate of mortality throughout the world and those who survive have lasting disabilities. Given that the brain is a particularly dynamic organ with a high energy consumption rate, the inefficiency of current TBI treatment options highlights the necessity of repairing damaged brain tissue at the cellular and molecular levels, which according to research is aggravated due to ATP deficiency and reactive oxygen species surplus. Taking into account that mitochondria contribute to generating energy and controlling cellular stress, mitochondrial transplantation as a new treatment approach has lately reduced complications in a number of diseases by supplying healthy and functional mitochondria to the damaged tissue. For this reason, in this study, we used this technique to transplant human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs)-derived mitochondria as a suitable source for mitochondrial isolation into rat models of TBI to examine its therapeutic benefit and the results showed that the successful mitochondrial internalisation in the neuronal cells significantly reduced the number of brain cells undergoing apoptosis, alleviated astrogliosis and microglia activation, retained normal brain morphology and cytoarchitecture, and improved sensorimotor functions in a rat model of TBI. These data indicate that human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells-isolated mitochondrial transplantation improves motor function in a rat model of TBI via rescuing neuronal cells from apoptosis and alleviating astrogliosis and microglia activation, maybe as a result of restoring the lost mitochondrial content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Bamshad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Abedinzade
- Department of Operation Room, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ali Jahanian-Najafabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Alireza Feizkhah
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Mitophagy and Traumatic Brain Injury: Regulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potentials. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:1649842. [PMID: 36846712 PMCID: PMC9957633 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1649842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a kind of external trauma-induced brain function alteration, has posed a financial burden on the public health system. TBI pathogenesis involves a complicated set of events, including primary and secondary injuries that can cause mitochondrial damage. Mitophagy, a process in which defective mitochondria are specifically degraded, segregates and degrades defective mitochondria allowing a healthier mitochondrial network. Mitophagy ensures that mitochondria remain healthy during TBI, determining whether neurons live or die. Mitophagy acts as a critical regulator in maintaining neuronal survival and healthy. This review will discuss the TBI pathophysiology and the consequences of the damage it causes to mitochondria. This review article will explore the mitophagy process, its key factors, and pathways and reveal the role of mitophagy in TBI. Mitophagy will be further recognized as a therapeutic approach in TBI. This review will offer new insights into mitophagy's role in TBI progression.
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Bagri K, Deshmukh R. Vinpocetine restores cognitive and motor functions in Traumatic brain injury challenged rats. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:2243-2259. [PMID: 36190686 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain damage is common worldwide and the treatments are not well-defined. Vinpocetine is a synthetic derivative of the vinca alkaloid vincamine and is clinically being used for various brain disorders. Here in the current study, we have investigated the neuroprotective potential of vinpocetine against traumatic brain injury. TBI was induced by the Marmarou weight drop method in rats. Brain damage was evaluated using cognitive and motor functions and the alterations in biomolecules. Injured rats were treated with different doses of vinpocetine (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Traumatic brain injury in rats produced significant deterioration of cognition and motor functions, which was accompanied by increased oxidative stress and significant alterations in brain monoamine levels as compared with the sham control group (p < 0.05). Vinpocetine alleviated TBI-induced oxidative burden, altered neurochemistry, and improved the cognitive and motor functions as compared with that of the TBI control group (p < 0.05). The observed neuroprotective potential of vinpocetine may be due to the observed antioxidant potential and its ability to restore the levels of brain neurochemicals under stressed conditions. The outcomes of the current study may help the repositioning of vinpocetine for preventing or treating traumatic brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Bagri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Deshmukh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India.
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Functional Medicine Approaches to Neurodegeneration. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2022; 33:733-743. [PMID: 35989061 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases impact more than 6 million Americans, and current predictions estimate the rates of neurodegenerative diseases will double in the next 30 years. These diseases are progressive with increasing loss of brain function throughout their course. Overtime, those suffering from neurodegenerative diseases will lose their ability to work and function efficiently in society. Families and society are burdened with skyrocketing costs to provide care for those who are unable to perform activities of daily living. There is an urgent need to develop treatment strategies to both reduce the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases and to delay the progression of the disease.
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Benaroya H. Understanding mitochondria and the utility of optimization as a canonical framework for identifying and modeling mitochondrial pathways. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:657-690. [PMID: 35219282 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of our current understanding of mitochondrial function as a framework to motivate the hypothesis that mitochondrial behavior is governed by optimization principles that are constrained by the laws of the physical and biological sciences. Then, mathematical optimization tools can generally be useful to model some of these processes under reasonable assumptions and limitations. We are specifically interested in optimizations via variational methods, which are briefly summarized. Within such an optimization framework, we suggest that the numerous mechanical instigators of cell and intracellular functioning can be modeled utilizing some of the principles of mechanics that govern engineered systems, as well as by the frequently observed feedback and feedforward mechanisms that coordinate the multitude of processes within cells. These mechanical aspects would need to be coupled to governing biochemical rules. Of course, biological systems are significantly more complex than engineered systems, and require considerably more experimentation to ascertain and characterize parameters and subsequent behavior. That complexity requires well-defined limitations and assumptions for any derived models. Optimality is being motivated as a framework to help us understand how cellular decisions are made, especially those that transition between physiological behaviors and dysfunctions along pathophysiological pathways. We elaborate on our interpretation of optimality and cellular decision making within the body of this paper, as we revisit these ideas in the numerous different contexts of mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haym Benaroya
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA
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10
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Role of Bioactive Compounds in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in Brain and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020257. [PMID: 35053373 PMCID: PMC8773907 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles that participate in a wide range of metabolic processes, including energy production and biomolecule synthesis. The morphology and distribution of intracellular mitochondria change dynamically, reflecting a cell’s metabolic activity. Oxidative stress is defined as a mismatch between the body’s ability to neutralise and eliminate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). A determination of mitochondria failure in increasing oxidative stress, as well as its implications in neurodegenerative illnesses and apoptosis, is a significant developmental process of focus in this review. The neuroprotective effects of bioactive compounds linked to neuronal regulation, as well as related neuronal development abnormalities, will be investigated. In conclusion, the study of secondary components and the use of mitochondrial features in the analysis of various neurodevelopmental diseases has enabled the development of a new class of mitochondrial-targeted pharmaceuticals capable of alleviating neurodegenerative disease states and enabling longevity and healthy ageing for the vast majority of people.
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Gowda P, Reddy PH, Kumar S. Deregulated mitochondrial microRNAs in Alzheimer's disease: Focus on synapse and mitochondria. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 73:101529. [PMID: 34813976 PMCID: PMC8692431 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is currently one of the biggest public health concerns in the world. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons is one of the major hallmarks of AD. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial miRNAs potentially play important roles in the mitochondrial dysfunctions, focusing on synapse in AD progression. In this meta-analysis paper, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify and discuss the (1) role of mitochondrial miRNAs that regulate mitochondrial and synaptic functions; (2) the role of various factors such as mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, calcium signaling, biological sex, and aging on synapse and mitochondrial function; (3) how synapse damage and mitochondrial dysfunctions contribute to AD; (4) the structure and function of synapse and mitochondria in the disease process; (5) latest research developments in synapse and mitochondria in healthy and disease states; and (6) therapeutic strategies that improve synaptic and mitochondrial functions in AD. Specifically, we discussed how differences in the expression of mitochondrial miRNAs affect ATP production, oxidative stress, mitophagy, bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics, synaptic activity, synaptic plasticity, neurotransmission, and synaptotoxicity in neurons observed during AD. However, more research is needed to confirm the locations and roles of individual mitochondrial miRNAs in the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Gowda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Du M, Wu C, Yu R, Cheng Y, Tang Z, Wu B, Fu J, Tan W, Zhou Q, Zhu Z, Balawi E, Huang X, Ma J, Liao ZB. A novel circular RNA, circIgfbp2, links neural plasticity and anxiety through targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress-induced synapse dysfunction after traumatic brain injury. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4575-4589. [PMID: 35918398 PMCID: PMC9734054 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to different neurological and psychiatric disorders. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly expressed in the nervous system and enriched in synapses; yet, the underlying role and mechanisms of circRNAs in neurological impairment and dysfunction are still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of circRNAs and their relation with neurological dysfunction after TBI. RNA-Seq was used to detect differentially expressed circRNAs in injured brain tissue, revealing that circIgfbp2 was significantly increased. Up-regulated hsa_circ_0058195, which was highly homologous to circIgfbp2, was further confirmed in the cerebral cortex specimens and serum samples of patients after TBI. Moreover, correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between hsa_circ_0058195 levels and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale scores in these subjects. Furthermore, knockdown of circIgfbp2 in mice relieved anxiety-like behaviors and sleep disturbances induced by TBI. Knockdown of circIgfbp2 in H2O2 treated HT22 cells alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, while its overexpression reversed the process. Mechanistically, we discovered that circIgfbp2 targets miR-370-3p to regulate BACH1, and down-regulating BACH1 alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress-induced synapse dysfunction. In conclusion, inhibition of circIgfbp2 alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress-induced synapse dysfunction after TBI through the miR-370-3p/BACH1/HO-1 axis. Thus, circIgfbp2 might be a novel therapeutic target for anxiety and sleep disorders after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Du
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Chenrui Wu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Zhaohua Tang
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Biying Wu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Jiayuanyuan Fu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Weilin Tan
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Ehab Balawi
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Xuekang Huang
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Jun Ma
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Z. B. Liao
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
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Lushnikova I, Nikandrova Y, Skibo G. Mitochondrial Events Determine the Status of Hippocampal Cells in the Post-Ischemic Period. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1246-1250. [PMID: 34097225 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Lushnikova
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine.
| | - Yelyzaveta Nikandrova
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine
| | - Galyna Skibo
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine
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Quntanilla RA, Tapia-Monsalves C. The Role of Mitochondrial Impairment in Alzheimer´s Disease Neurodegeneration: The Tau Connection. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:1076-1091. [PMID: 32448104 PMCID: PMC7709157 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200525020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulative evidence has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitochondrial impairment actively contributes to the synaptic and cognitive failure that characterizes AD. The presence of soluble pathological forms of tau like hyperphosphorylated at Ser396 and Ser404 and cleaved at Asp421 by caspase 3, negatively impacts mitochondrial bioenergetics, transport, and morphology in neurons. These adverse effects against mitochondria health will contribute to the synaptic impairment and cognitive decline in AD. Current studies suggest that mitochondrial failure induced by pathological tau forms is likely the result of the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). mPTP is a mitochondrial mega-channel that is activated by increases in calcium and is associated with mitochondrial stress and apoptosis. This structure is composed of different proteins, where Ciclophilin D (CypD) is considered to be the primary mediator of mPTP activation. Also, new studies suggest that mPTP contributes to Aβ pathology and oxidative stress in AD. Further, inhibition of mPTP through the reduction of CypD expression prevents cognitive and synaptic impairment in AD mouse models. More importantly, tau protein contributes to the physiological regulation of mitochondria through the opening/interaction with mPTP in hippocampal neurons. Therefore, in this paper, we will discuss evidence that suggests an important role of pathological forms of tau against mitochondrial health. Also, we will discuss the possible role of mPTP in the mitochondrial impairment produced by the presence of tau pathology and its impact on synaptic function present in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Quntanilla
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carola Tapia-Monsalves
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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